Article(id=1322609190300930465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507094, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751817600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793264203858, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793264203858, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793264203858, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793264203858, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322609030938346427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793264165863, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264299902, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4201, endPage=4206, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322609190523228578, articleId=1322609190300930465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in adult diabetic patients, China, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To systematically evaluate the prevalence of SO in diabetic patients in China.

Methods

Search for literature on the prevalence of SO in Chinese diabetic patients in 8 databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, etc, with the search timeframe spanning from the databases’ inception to February 2025. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 15.0.

Results

This meta-analysis included 13 studies involving 5 554 diabetes patients. The pooled results demonstrated a 14.9%(95% CI: 11.0%–18.8%)prevalence of SO among diabetic patients in China. Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence was higher in studies where the participants were aged 60 or above, male, from the southeastern region, used bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA), diagnosed sarcopenia based on only a single assessment of muscle mass or strength, and used waist circumference(WC)as the diagnostic criterion for obesity. Meta-regression showed that none of the results were statistically significant(P>0.05), and no sources of heterogeneity were identified.

Conclusion

The prevalence of SO among diabetic patients in our country is relatively high. Therefore, it is necessary to actively carry out health education for diabetic patients, strengthen early screening and intervention management, in order to prevent and slow down the progression of the disease.

, authors=Ting LV1, Xiao-yun WANG2, Peng-yan ZHENG3, San-jiao LIU3, authorsList=Ting LV, Xiao-yun WANG, Peng-yan ZHENG, San-jiao LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiao-yun WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322609191152374183, articleId=1322609190300930465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=中国成人糖尿病患者肌少性肥胖患病率的系统评价与Meta分析, columnId=1228016570119680182, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=临床与预防, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

系统评价中国糖尿病患者肌少性肥胖(SO)的患病率。

方法

检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase等8个数据库中有关中国糖尿病患者SO患病率的文献,检索日期从建库至2025年2月。使用Stata 15.0进行统计学分析。

结果

共纳入13项研究,包含糖尿病患者5 554例。Meta分析显示,我国糖尿病患者SO的患病率为14.9%(95% CI:11.0%~18.8%)。亚组分析显示,年龄≥60岁、男性、东南部地区、使用生物电阻抗法(BIA)、肌少症诊断标准为仅单一评估肌肉质量或力量、以腰围(WC)作为肥胖诊断标准的研究患病率更高。Meta 回归显示结果均无统计学意义(P>0.05),未发现异质性来源。

结论

我国糖尿病患者SO患病率较高,应积极开展对糖尿病患者的健康教育,加强早期筛查和干预管理工作,以预防和延缓疾病进展。

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吕婷(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:内科护理

, correspAuthorsNote=
王晓云,E-mail:
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Series a, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 2017, 72 (8): 1098-1104., articleTitle=Dynapenic abdominal obesity as a predictor of worsening disability, hospitalization, and mortality in older adults: results from the InCHIANTI study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609208311271947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=3, pageStart=252, pageEnd=257, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=48, authorNames=林毅, 彭永德, journalName=中华内分泌代谢杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林毅,彭永德. 2型糖尿病患者体重管理的研究进展与思考 [J]. 中华内分泌代谢杂志, 2024, 40 (3): 252-257., articleTitle=2型糖尿病患者体重管理的研究进展与思考, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322609208378380812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=3, pageStart=252, pageEnd=257, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=49, authorNames=Lin Y, Peng YD, journalName=Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin Y, Peng YD. Weight management in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Recent advances and perspectives [J]. Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2024, 40 (3): 252-257.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Weight management in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Recent advances and perspectives, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322609197410275799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, awardId=202104031402129, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省科技战略研究专项(202104031402129), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322609192955924904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609192964313513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, companyId=1322609192955924904, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609192981090730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, companyId=1322609192955924904, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山西医科大学护理学院,山西 太原 030001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322609193056588203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609193064976812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, companyId=1322609193056588203, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山西医科大学第五临床医学院/山西省人民医院内分泌科)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322609193144668589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609193157251502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, companyId=1322609193144668589, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山西中医药大学护理学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322609194906276301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Literature screening flow, figureFileSmall=Bi44Who4WuUWcFj9cjLvcw==, figureFileBig=WyP+Y9h/XTEO+2rzEEC9aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322609194985968078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, language=CN, label=图1, caption=文献筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=Bi44Who4WuUWcFj9cjLvcw==, figureFileBig=WyP+Y9h/XTEO+2rzEEC9aA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322609195149545935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Meta-analysis forest plot of the prevalence of SO in Chinese diabetic patients, figureFileSmall=FT73qrQMoWutJMsb/i1Qiw==, figureFileBig=qs84wMvgvGXfYbyTgDbYAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322609195216654800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中国糖尿病患者SO患病率的Meta分析森林图, figureFileSmall=FT73qrQMoWutJMsb/i1Qiw==, figureFileBig=qs84wMvgvGXfYbyTgDbYAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322609195279569361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General characteristics included in the study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入研究地区样本量(男/女)(例)年龄
(岁)
身体成分测量方法肌少症诊断标准肥胖诊断标准患病率
(%)
质量评分
(分)
Han T 2022[10]上海488
(268/220)
≥60BIA男:SMI<7.0 kg/m2;女:SMI<5.7 kg/m2体脂率法;男≥25%;女≥35%14.57
Lu CW 2013[11]台湾57-BIA男:ASM/Wt*100%≤37%;女:ASM/Wt*100%≤27.6%BMI≥25 kg/m229.86
郭宇枢2021[12]北京74≥60BIA男:ASMI<7.0 kg/m2;女:ASMI<5.7 kg/m2;其余(男:HGS<26 kg,女:HGS<18 kg或6 m步行速度<0.8 m/s任一)体脂率法;男≥25%;女≥35%16.28
汪孟真2019[13]青岛149≥60-男:CC≤30 cm,HGS<26 kg;女:CC≤29 cm,HGS<18 kg;6 m步行速度<0.8 m/sBMI≥28 kg/m224.27
何清华2019[14]北京1 125
(586/539)
≥50BIA男:ASM<7.18 kg/m2,HGS<29.5 kg;女:ASM<5.73 kg/m2,HGS<21.2 kg百分位数法;男≥26.7%;女≥36%7.69
张音2023[15]上海50(20/30)≥65BIA男:ASMI<7.0 kg/m2,HGS<26 kg;女:ASMI<5.7 kg/m2,HGS<18 kg;躯体功能(6 m步行速度<1.0 m/s或5次起坐时间≥12 s或SPPB≤9任一)男:WC≥90 cm;女:WC≥85 cm48.05
邓紫丹2022[16]重庆294≥60BIA男:ASMI<7.0 kg/m2;女:ASMI<5.7 kg/m2;其余(男:HGS<28 kg,女:HGS<18 kg或6 m步行速度<1.0 m/s任一)男:WC≥90 cm;女:WC≥85 cm20.46
周瑜2024[17]南京20018~70-男:SMI<7.0 kg/m2,HGS<28 kg;女:SMI<5.7 kg/m2,HGS<18 kg体脂率法;男≥25%;女≥35%11.04
Xia W 2024[18]无锡28745~90BIA男:ASMI<7.0 kg/m2,HGS<28 kg;女:ASMI<5.7 kg/m2,HGS<18 kg体脂率法;男≥25%;女≥30%11.15
Sun L 2023[19]北京543
(269/274)
>60DXA男:SMI<7.0 kg/m2,HGS<28 kg;女:SMI<5.4 kg/m2,HGS<18 kg;6m步行速度<1.0 m/s体脂率法;男≥27%;女≥40%5.75
Zhang XX 2022[20]温州1 112-BIA男:ASM/Wt*100≤32.2%;女:ASM/Wt*100%≤25.5%内脏肥胖VFA≥ 100 cm217.46
Zou SY 2024[21]成都263
(89/174)
≥60BIA男:ASMI<7.0 kg/m2;女:ASMI<5.7 kg/m2;其余(男:HGS<28 kg,女:HGS<18 kg或SPPB≤9任一)BMI≥28 kg/m21.55
Yu BY 2024[22]广东912≥45-男:HGS<28 kg;女:HGS<18 kgBMI≥25 kg/m212.57
), ArticleFig(id=1322609195350872530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纳入研究的一般特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入研究地区样本量(男/女)(例)年龄
(岁)
身体成分测量方法肌少症诊断标准肥胖诊断标准患病率
(%)
质量评分
(分)
Han T 2022[10]上海488
(268/220)
≥60BIA男:SMI<7.0 kg/m2;女:SMI<5.7 kg/m2体脂率法;男≥25%;女≥35%14.57
Lu CW 2013[11]台湾57-BIA男:ASM/Wt*100%≤37%;女:ASM/Wt*100%≤27.6%BMI≥25 kg/m229.86
郭宇枢2021[12]北京74≥60BIA男:ASMI<7.0 kg/m2;女:ASMI<5.7 kg/m2;其余(男:HGS<26 kg,女:HGS<18 kg或6 m步行速度<0.8 m/s任一)体脂率法;男≥25%;女≥35%16.28
汪孟真2019[13]青岛149≥60-男:CC≤30 cm,HGS<26 kg;女:CC≤29 cm,HGS<18 kg;6 m步行速度<0.8 m/sBMI≥28 kg/m224.27
何清华2019[14]北京1 125
(586/539)
≥50BIA男:ASM<7.18 kg/m2,HGS<29.5 kg;女:ASM<5.73 kg/m2,HGS<21.2 kg百分位数法;男≥26.7%;女≥36%7.69
张音2023[15]上海50(20/30)≥65BIA男:ASMI<7.0 kg/m2,HGS<26 kg;女:ASMI<5.7 kg/m2,HGS<18 kg;躯体功能(6 m步行速度<1.0 m/s或5次起坐时间≥12 s或SPPB≤9任一)男:WC≥90 cm;女:WC≥85 cm48.05
邓紫丹2022[16]重庆294≥60BIA男:ASMI<7.0 kg/m2;女:ASMI<5.7 kg/m2;其余(男:HGS<28 kg,女:HGS<18 kg或6 m步行速度<1.0 m/s任一)男:WC≥90 cm;女:WC≥85 cm20.46
周瑜2024[17]南京20018~70-男:SMI<7.0 kg/m2,HGS<28 kg;女:SMI<5.7 kg/m2,HGS<18 kg体脂率法;男≥25%;女≥35%11.04
Xia W 2024[18]无锡28745~90BIA男:ASMI<7.0 kg/m2,HGS<28 kg;女:ASMI<5.7 kg/m2,HGS<18 kg体脂率法;男≥25%;女≥30%11.15
Sun L 2023[19]北京543
(269/274)
>60DXA男:SMI<7.0 kg/m2,HGS<28 kg;女:SMI<5.4 kg/m2,HGS<18 kg;6m步行速度<1.0 m/s体脂率法;男≥27%;女≥40%5.75
Zhang XX 2022[20]温州1 112-BIA男:ASM/Wt*100≤32.2%;女:ASM/Wt*100%≤25.5%内脏肥胖VFA≥ 100 cm217.46
Zou SY 2024[21]成都263
(89/174)
≥60BIA男:ASMI<7.0 kg/m2;女:ASMI<5.7 kg/m2;其余(男:HGS<28 kg,女:HGS<18 kg或SPPB≤9任一)BMI≥28 kg/m21.55
Yu BY 2024[22]广东912≥45-男:HGS<28 kg;女:HGS<18 kgBMI≥25 kg/m212.57
), ArticleFig(id=1322609195413787091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Subgroup analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组纳入研究(篇)异质性检验
I2值(%)P 值效应模型患病率
(95% CI)(%)
P 值
年龄0.003
<60岁[14]1--随机4.2(2.6~6.4)
≥60岁[10, 14-16, 19, 21]696.6<0.001随机13.8(7.8~19.8)
性别0.732
男性[10, 14-15, 19]472.30.013随机12.6(8.5~16.8)
女性[10, 14-15, 19]495.1<0.001随机11.3(4.8~17.8)
调查区域<0.001
西部地区[16, 21]2--随机3.3(1.9~4.7)
东部地区[10, 13, 15, 17-18, 20, 22]786.8<0.001随机16.5(12.7~20.3)
北部地区[12, 14, 19]3--随机7.6(4.8~10.4)
东南部地区[11]1--随机29.8(18.4~43.4)
身体成分测量方法<0.001
BIA[10-12, 14-16, 18, 20-21]996.6<0.001随机16.4(10.9~21.8)
DXA[19]1--随机5.7(3.9~8.0)
肌少症诊断标准<0.001
方法一[10-11, 20, 22]480.70.001随机15.9(12.3~19.6)
方法二[12, 14, 16-18, 21]694.8<0.001随机10.8(5.8~15.8)
方法三[15, 19]2--随机6.5(4.6~8.5)
肥胖诊断标准0.002
BMI[11, 13, 21-22]497.3<0.001随机15.7(6.1~25.3)
体脂率法[10, 12, 17-19]585.7<0.001随机11.2(7.0~15.5)
WC[15-16]2--随机23.2(18.8~27.5)
VFA[20]1--随机17.4(15.2~19.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609195501867476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

亚组分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
亚组纳入研究(篇)异质性检验
I2值(%)P 值效应模型患病率
(95% CI)(%)
P 值
年龄0.003
<60岁[14]1--随机4.2(2.6~6.4)
≥60岁[10, 14-16, 19, 21]696.6<0.001随机13.8(7.8~19.8)
性别0.732
男性[10, 14-15, 19]472.30.013随机12.6(8.5~16.8)
女性[10, 14-15, 19]495.1<0.001随机11.3(4.8~17.8)
调查区域<0.001
西部地区[16, 21]2--随机3.3(1.9~4.7)
东部地区[10, 13, 15, 17-18, 20, 22]786.8<0.001随机16.5(12.7~20.3)
北部地区[12, 14, 19]3--随机7.6(4.8~10.4)
东南部地区[11]1--随机29.8(18.4~43.4)
身体成分测量方法<0.001
BIA[10-12, 14-16, 18, 20-21]996.6<0.001随机16.4(10.9~21.8)
DXA[19]1--随机5.7(3.9~8.0)
肌少症诊断标准<0.001
方法一[10-11, 20, 22]480.70.001随机15.9(12.3~19.6)
方法二[12, 14, 16-18, 21]694.8<0.001随机10.8(5.8~15.8)
方法三[15, 19]2--随机6.5(4.6~8.5)
肥胖诊断标准0.002
BMI[11, 13, 21-22]497.3<0.001随机15.7(6.1~25.3)
体脂率法[10, 12, 17-19]585.7<0.001随机11.2(7.0~15.5)
WC[15-16]2--随机23.2(18.8~27.5)
VFA[20]1--随机17.4(15.2~19.7)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609195581559253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609190300930465, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Meta-regression results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量β(95% CI)SEP
年龄0.115(-0.317~0.548)0.1680.524
性别-0.014(-0.331~0.304)0.1300.919
身体成分测量方法-0.058(-0.208~0.092)0.0650.399
肌少症诊断标准0.007(-0.107~0.121)0.5100.896
肥胖诊断标准0.021(-0.045~0.007)0.0300.491
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性别-0.014(-0.331~0.304)0.1300.919
身体成分测量方法-0.058(-0.208~0.092)0.0650.399
肌少症诊断标准0.007(-0.107~0.121)0.5100.896
肥胖诊断标准0.021(-0.045~0.007)0.0300.491
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中国成人糖尿病患者肌少性肥胖患病率的系统评价与Meta分析
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吕婷 1 , 王晓云 2 , 郑彭燕 3 , 刘三娇 3
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025,52(22): 4201-4206
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现代预防医学 |临床与预防 2025 , 52 (22) : 4201 -4206
中国成人糖尿病患者肌少性肥胖患病率的系统评价与Meta分析
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吕婷1, 王晓云2 , 郑彭燕3, 刘三娇3
作者信息
  • 1.山西医科大学护理学院,山西 太原 030001
  • 2.山西医科大学第五临床医学院/山西省人民医院内分泌科
  • 3.山西中医药大学护理学院
通讯作者:
王晓云,E-mail:
作者简介:

吕婷(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:内科护理

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in adult diabetic patients, China
Ting LV1, Xiao-yun WANG2 , Peng-yan ZHENG3, San-jiao LIU3
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan , Shanxi 030001, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507094
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目的

系统评价中国糖尿病患者肌少性肥胖(SO)的患病率。

方法

检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase等8个数据库中有关中国糖尿病患者SO患病率的文献,检索日期从建库至2025年2月。使用Stata 15.0进行统计学分析。

结果

共纳入13项研究,包含糖尿病患者5 554例。Meta分析显示,我国糖尿病患者SO的患病率为14.9%(95% CI:11.0%~18.8%)。亚组分析显示,年龄≥60岁、男性、东南部地区、使用生物电阻抗法(BIA)、肌少症诊断标准为仅单一评估肌肉质量或力量、以腰围(WC)作为肥胖诊断标准的研究患病率更高。Meta 回归显示结果均无统计学意义(P>0.05),未发现异质性来源。

结论

我国糖尿病患者SO患病率较高,应积极开展对糖尿病患者的健康教育,加强早期筛查和干预管理工作,以预防和延缓疾病进展。

中国  /  糖尿病  /  肌少性肥胖  /  患病率  /  Meta分析
Objective

To systematically evaluate the prevalence of SO in diabetic patients in China.

Methods

Search for literature on the prevalence of SO in Chinese diabetic patients in 8 databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, etc, with the search timeframe spanning from the databases’ inception to February 2025. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 15.0.

Results

This meta-analysis included 13 studies involving 5 554 diabetes patients. The pooled results demonstrated a 14.9%(95% CI: 11.0%–18.8%)prevalence of SO among diabetic patients in China. Subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence was higher in studies where the participants were aged 60 or above, male, from the southeastern region, used bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA), diagnosed sarcopenia based on only a single assessment of muscle mass or strength, and used waist circumference(WC)as the diagnostic criterion for obesity. Meta-regression showed that none of the results were statistically significant(P>0.05), and no sources of heterogeneity were identified.

Conclusion

The prevalence of SO among diabetic patients in our country is relatively high. Therefore, it is necessary to actively carry out health education for diabetic patients, strengthen early screening and intervention management, in order to prevent and slow down the progression of the disease.

China  /  Diabetes  /  Sarcopenic obesity  /  Prevalence  /  Meta-analysis
吕婷, 王晓云, 郑彭燕, 刘三娇. 中国成人糖尿病患者肌少性肥胖患病率的系统评价与Meta分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4201 -4206 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507094
Ting LV, Xiao-yun WANG, Peng-yan ZHENG, San-jiao LIU. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in adult diabetic patients, China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4201 -4206 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507094
随着当前人口老龄化加速,加之居民生活方式及饮食结构的改变,肌少性肥胖(sarcopenic obesity,SO)的患病率正在迅速上升,已凸显为公共卫生领域的重要挑战[1]。SO是一种以肌肉质量减少、肌力下降及功能进行性减退,同时伴随体脂过度积累为特征的临床综合征[2-3]。与单纯性肌肉减少症或肥胖相比,SO患者发生跌倒、骨折等不良结局的风险更高,同时与血脂异常及心血管疾病的发展密切相关[4-5]。目前我国成人糖尿病患者数量已高达1.096亿,居全球首位[6]。糖尿病患者存在的胰岛素抵抗会导致高胰岛素血症,抑制脂肪分解,导致内脏及骨骼肌内脂肪异常沉积,发生脂肪浸润。而体内聚集的脂肪又会促进促炎因子分泌,加速肌肉蛋白分解。同时,持续的分解代谢导致肌纤维萎缩,进一步降低葡萄糖摄取能力,加剧胰岛素抵抗,形成恶性循环,从而增加SO的发生风险[6-7]。现有研究指出,全球糖尿病患者中SO的总体患病率为27%[8]。然而,由于我国不同地区糖尿病患者SO的流行病学研究较多,各研究报道的患病率差异较大,当前还尚未有研究报道我国整体糖尿病患者的SO患病率。因此,本研究对中国糖尿病患者SO患病率进行系统评价,旨在为SO的预防与筛查工作提供参考。本研究已在PROSPERO完成注册(注册号:CRD420250651634,注册日期:2025年2月24日)。
检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、CNKI、Wan Fang Data、CBM和VIP数据库中的文献,检索日期从建库至2025年2月。检索时将主题词和自由词组合,中文检索词包括糖尿病、肌肉衰减症、肌少症、肌肉萎缩、肌肉减少症、肥胖。英文检索词为Diabetes Mellitus、Diabetes、sarcopenia、muscle mass、obesity、sarcopenic obesity、fat mass、Chinese、China。
纳入标准:(1)研究类型:横断面研究;(2)研究对象:年满18岁、符合WHO诊断标准的中国糖尿病患者,对糖尿病分型不作限制;(3)暴露因素:SO,在文章中有明确定义;(4)结局指标:中国糖尿病患者SO患病率。
排除标准:(1)缺乏患病率数据;(2)重复发表或数据不全的文献;(3)语言非中英文。
2名研究者对文献进行多重筛选,并进行资料提取,最后交叉核对。若意见不同,寻求第3名研究者参与判断以达成一致。
参照美国卫生保健研究与质量机构(AHRQ)提出的评价标准进行质量评价[9]。其中,存在较高偏倚:0~3分,中度偏倚:4~7分,低偏倚:8~11分。
运用Stata 15.0软件进行统计学分析。通过Q检验和I2判断异质性,I2≥50%且P<0.1,选择随机效应模型,反之采用固定效应模型。运用亚组分析与Meta回归分析其差异性原因。运用逐一剔除文献法对总患病率进行敏感性分析,同时用Egger检验和漏斗图进行发表偏倚检验。
共获得文献815篇,经过多重筛选,最终纳入13篇[10-22]。文献检索流程图见图1。
共纳入13篇横断面研究,样本量5 554例,其中SO患者702例。纳入研究的AHRQ 评分为4~9分,表明纳入研究偏倚风险较低。见表1。
纳入13篇研究的异质性检验结果I2=95.7%,P<0.001,故采用随机效应模型,结果显示我国糖尿病患者SO的患病率为14.9%(95% CI:11.0%~18.8%),见图2。
根据年龄、性别、调查区域、身体成分测量方法、肌少症与肥胖诊断标准进行亚组分析。结果显示,年龄≥60岁、男性、东南部地区、使用生物电阻抗法(BIA)、肌少症诊断标准为仅单一评估肌肉质量或力量、以腰围(WC)作为肥胖诊断标准的研究患病率更高。见表2。Meta回归显示结果均无统计学意义(P>0.05),未发现异质性来源,见表3。
采用逐个剔除文献的方式进行敏感性分析,显示中国糖尿病患者SO的患病率在13.4%~16.0%之间,表明研究结果比较稳健。通过Egger检验后,结果为t=3.27(P=0.007),提示存在发表偏倚,进行剪补法后发现无虚拟文献纳入,剪补前后的患病率未发生变化,说明发表偏倚不影响结果的稳定性。
糖尿病是全球范围内导致残疾和死亡的主要原因之一。SO作为近年来备受关注的糖尿病并发症之一,严重影响了患者的生活质量。Meta分析结果显示,我国糖尿病患者SO的患病率为14.9%(95% CI:11.0%~18.8%),低于加拿大(48.6%)[23]、西班牙(36.5%)[24]和全球糖尿病患者SO的总患病率(27.0%)[8]。这可能是由于一方面,中国人群的ACTN3基因被证明与肌肉功能有关,可能会延缓年龄相关的肌肉萎缩[25]。另一方面,我国居民传统饮食以高碳水化合物、低蛋白为主,摄入的动物蛋白不足,而西方国家饮食以高脂肪、高蛋白更为普遍,高脂肪会诱导异位脂肪沉积并增加重度肥胖的风险,因此SO的发生风险更高。
本研究显示男性患者SO患病率较女性更高,这可能与男性睾酮水平降低引起的肌肉流失、肌力下降及脂肪重新分布改变有关[26]。相比之下,女性拥有较多的脂肪组织,其会对肌肉产生一定的保护作用[27]。年龄≥60岁的糖尿病患者SO患病率高于60岁以下。有研究表明,衰老与SO有关,其不仅会改变身体中肌肉与脂肪的分布,还会因老年人身体活动减少和久坐时间延长,导致能量消耗降低,进而出现脂肪堆积和肌肉量减少的双重变化[4,28]。此外,东南部地区SO患病率高于东部、北部和西部地区。这可能是由于我国东南部地区经济发达,饮食习惯偏向于高热量、精制碳水化合物等,导致能量摄入远超消耗,多余热量转化为脂肪堆积,同时缺乏维持肌肉质量所需的营养成分,使得肌肉合成减少[29]。但本研究中纳入的东南部地区的文献数量较少,可能存在一定偏倚,未来仍需开展更多高质量的研究加以验证。
使用BIA时SO患病率高于DXA。尽管BIA因其简便、价格低廉及安全性高而在临床中广泛应用,但准确性略低于DXA,适用于社区和医院进行大样本量的筛查[30]。同时也有证据表明BIA在测量身体成分时会高估肌肉质量,低估脂肪含量[31]。本研究纳入文献中采用DXA作为身体成分测量方法的文献数量较少,可能导致因样本量不足而无法校正BIA的潜在偏差,进而影响SO患病率的结果。因此,未来的研究需结合研究目的及不同的研究需求选择适宜的测量方法,同时应开展基于DXA测量方法的高质量研究,以评估不同测量方法间的差异。
采用仅测量肌肉质量或肌肉力量的单一诊断标准的SO患病率更高。这是由于单一标准往往无法全面反映肌少症的多维度特征。如果仅依赖肌肉质量或肌肉力量中的某一项指标进行诊断,可能会忽略其他重要的临床表现,从而导致诊断的敏感性和特异性不足。目前国际上广泛推荐的肌少症诊断标准通常采用多维度的评估方法,包括肌肉质量、肌肉力量和身体功能的综合评估[32]。欧洲老年肌少症工作组[33]和亚洲肌少症工作组[34]均提议在诊断肌少症时,应同时评估肌肉质量、肌肉力量(如握力)和身体功能(如步速或起立行走测试)。这种综合评估方法能够更准确地识别肌少症患者,尤其是在早期阶段,为及时干预和治疗提供依据。因此,建议在未来工作中进一步推广多维度诊断方法,并推动建立统一的肌少症诊断标准。
使用WC作为肥胖的诊断标准时患病率高于体脂率法、BMI及VFA。由于糖尿病患者伴随着腹部脂肪的堆积和体脂分布的异常,BMI难以准确反映脂肪的分布情况,存在一定的局限性。体脂率虽能反映全身脂肪比例,但对局部脂肪堆积的敏感性较低。VFA仅针对内脏脂肪的积累进行评估,忽略了全身脂肪分布和肌肉量变化,无法全面反映肥胖的整体情况。有研究指出,SO患者的WC与肌肉功能下降的关系更为紧密,故而建议在诊断肥胖时,首先考虑选用WC[4,35]。我国糖尿病人群中肥胖、中心性肥胖患者的比例为24.3%、45.4%[36],且呈上升趋势。未来研究应根据SO患者脂肪分布的不同特点,制定标准化的SO诊断标准,为加强健康干预提供科学依据。
本研究局限性所在:(1)纳入研究均为横断面研究,可能存在一定的偏倚;(2)纳入文献中,各研究对于SO的诊断标准不同,增加了结果的不确定性;(3)本研究纳入文献的研究人群聚焦于2型糖尿病患者,缺乏1型糖尿病患者的SO数据,会影响研究结果的准确性;(4)所纳文献中部分数据未进行报告,如病程、血糖控制状况等,会对研究结果产生一定的影响,因此,建议未来研究需进一步开展中国糖尿病人群SO的多中心前瞻性队列研究。
综上所述,本研究结果发现我国糖尿病患者SO的患病率较高。建议未来在临床实践中医护人员应将SO的筛查作为糖尿病患者常规诊疗的一部分,早期识别高危人群并进行积极宣教,重视早期筛查和干预管理工作,防止SO进一步发展,从而提高糖尿病患者的生活质量。此外,应加强多学科协作,结合营养、运动和心理干预等综合管理措施,优化SO的防治策略。
  • 山西省科技战略研究专项(202104031402129)
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2025年第52卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507094
  • 接收时间:2025-07-07
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-07
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山西省科技战略研究专项(202104031402129)
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    1.山西医科大学护理学院,山西 太原 030001
    2.山西医科大学第五临床医学院/山西省人民医院内分泌科
    3.山西中医药大学护理学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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