Article(id=1324071008730227700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506422, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750780800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793612728530, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793612728530, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793612728530, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793612728530, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324070892967428793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='24', pageStart='4417', pageEnd='4608', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793612700931, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793612772549, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324071193430602024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324070892967428793, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4577, endPage=4583, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324071009279681525, articleId=1324071008730227700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of recurrent cases of hand-foot-and-mouth disease reinfection, Haikou City, 2008-2024, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of repeated infections of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Haikou City (2008-2024), and to provide reference for formulating prevention and control strategies.
Methods Collect data through the national notifiable disease report system, Use descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and other methods for data analysis.
Results The recurrence rate of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Haikou City (2008—2024) was 6.41%, and showed a fluctuating downward trend from 2016 onwards. The repeated infection epidemic season is from April to July and from September to November. The repeated infection rate in males (6.90%) is higher than that in females (5.62%). 95.18% of repeat infection patients are children aged 3 years and below, with repeat infection rates of 9.59%, 8.17%, 6.22%, and 4.95% in the age groups of <1、1-<2、2-<3 and 3-<4 years, respectively. The repeated infection rate among scattered children (7.32%) is higher than that of preschool children (4.14%) and students (0.96%). The repeated infection rate in rural areas (7.29%) is higher than that in urban areas (6.33%) and townships (5.50%). The median interval between repeated infections is 385 days, with 76.75% occurring within 2 years. The repeat infection rate of patients with severe symptoms (9.36%) is higher than that of patients with mild symptoms (6.39%). Male, 3 years old and under, scattered children and preschool children (compared with students), rural and urban areas (compared with towns), low incidence years, and severe first-time infections are risk factors for recurrent infections.
Conclusion The repeated infection rate of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Haikou City is showing a downward trend, but it is still necessary to continue to strengthen health education, pathogen monitoring and other prevention and control measures. The key prevention and control targets are scattered children aged 3 and below, and actively promote EV71 vaccination, which is conducive to controlling and reducing the occurrence of repeated infections.
, authors=Qin CHEN, Xiao-ping ZENG, Ming-chang WANG, Xiao-qing FU, Ye-qing WU, Chun-yan LIN, authorsList=Qin CHEN, Xiao-ping ZENG, Ming-chang WANG, Xiao-qing FU, Ye-qing WU, Chun-yan LIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chun-yan LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324071012823868416, articleId=1324071008730227700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=2008—2024年海口市手足口病重复感染病例流行病学特征及影响因素分析, columnId=1228016573844226129, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=疾病预防控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 分析2008—2024年海口市手足口病重复感染病例的流行病学特征及影响因素，为制定防控策略提供参考依据。
方法 通过国家传染病监测网络收集数据，采用描述性统计、logistic回归等进行数据分析。
结果 2008—2024年海口市手足口病重复感染率为6.41%，2016年起呈现隔年波动下降趋势；重复感染流行季为4—7月和9—11月；男性重复感染率（6.90%）高于女性（5.62%）；95.18%的重复感染患者为3岁及以下幼儿，<1、1~<2、2~<3、3~<4岁年龄段重复感染率分别为9.59%、8.17%、6.22%、4.95%；散居儿童重复感染率（7.32%）高于幼托儿童（4.14%）和学生（0.96%）；农村重复感染率（7.29%）高于城区（6.33%）和镇区（5.50%）；重复感染发病时间间隔中位数为385 d，76.75%发生在2年内；首发为重症的患者重复感染率（9.36%）高于轻症患者（6.39%）。男性、3岁及以下、散居儿童和幼托儿童（对比学生）、农村和城区（对比镇区）、低发年份、首次感染为重症是重复感染的危险因素。
结论 海口市手足口病重复感染率呈现下降趋势，但仍需持续加强健康教育、病原学监测等防控措施，以3岁及以下散居儿童作为重点防控对象，积极推广EV71疫苗接种，有利于控制和减少重复感染的发生。
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陈琴（1987—），女，本科，副主任医师，研究方向：传染病预防控制
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=wCISM+JcW+DgY90TBKc6dg==, magXml=vnj56onOPvVhrDSxurUo/A==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=S4wR2QqFkmj8yrFvn/af8w==, pdfFileSize=834958, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=vNpAjOxmgd6i8S3wUabg+A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=G51ahv0u2MppPKJbVMlBvA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324071013180383236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071008730227700, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324071013297823750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071008730227700, authorId=1324071013180383236, language=EN, stringName=Qin CHEN, firstName=Qin, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Haikou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324071013377515527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071008730227700, authorId=1324071013180383236, language=CN, stringName=陈琴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=海口市疾病预防控制中心，海南 海口 571100, bio={"content":"
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Temporal distribution of single and recurrent HFMD infections in Haikou City, 2008—2024, figureFileSmall=rbume1LxEY3W+mDy7DxCqg==, figureFileBig=vNpAjOxmgd6i8S3wUabg+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324071017475350570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071008730227700, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
2008—2024年海口市手足口病单次感染与重复感染时间分布, figureFileSmall=rbume1LxEY3W+mDy7DxCqg==, figureFileBig=vNpAjOxmgd6i8S3wUabg+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324071017894780971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071008730227700, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Distribution of inter-infection intervals for recurrent HFMD in Haikou City, 2008—2024, figureFileSmall=37ddzEVtQ+s5gCmhIugWcg==, figureFileBig=RwA6rEH++lkN+QwNzBXq+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324071018012221484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071008730227700, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
2008—2024年海口市手足口病重复感染发病时间间隔分布, figureFileSmall=37ddzEVtQ+s5gCmhIugWcg==, figureFileBig=RwA6rEH++lkN+QwNzBXq+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324071018087718957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071008730227700, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Epidemiological characteristics of recurrent HFMD infections in Haikou City, 2008-2024
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 年度 | 单次感染人数（n） | 重复感染人数（n） | 重复感染
（%） |
|---|
| 重复感染1次 | 重复感染2次 | 重复感染3次 | 重复感染4次 | 重复感染5次 |
|---|
| 2008 | 2 314 | 106 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.38 |
| 2009 | 3 220 | 156 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.62 |
| 2010 | 6 677 | 432 | 162 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.08 |
| 2011 | 9 860 | 643 | 387 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 6.12 |
| 2012 | 8 703 | 682 | 528 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 7.27 |
| 2013 | 11 604 | 1 063 | 724 | 30 | 2 | 0 | 8.39 |
| 2014 | 5 904 | 611 | 668 | 39 | 5 | 0 | 9.38 |
| 2015 | 14 520 | 1 352 | 1 072 | 67 | 3 | 1 | 8.52 |
| 2016 | 7 460 | 641 | 895 | 61 | 5 | 0 | 7.91 |
| 2017 | 11 136 | 824 | 668 | 42 | 2 | 1 | 6.89 |
| 2018 | 6 812 | 542 | 765 | 53 | 5 | 0 | 7.37 |
| 2019 | 11 841 | 585 | 981 | 43 | 2 | 0 | 4.71 |
| 2020 | 980 | 73 | 108 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6.93 |
| 2021 | 7 793 | 380 | 562 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 4.65 |
| 2022 | 1 007 | 57 | 74 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5.36 |
| 2023 | 11 821 | 254 | 623 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2.10 |
| 2024 | 1 084 | 2 | 144 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0.18 |
| 合计 | 122 736 | 8 403 | 8 403 | 427 | 27 | 2 | 6.41 |
), ArticleFig(id=1324071018393903150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071008730227700, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
2008—2024年海口市手足口病重复感染发病情况
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 年度 | 单次感染人数（n） | 重复感染人数（n） | 重复感染
（%） |
|---|
| 重复感染1次 | 重复感染2次 | 重复感染3次 | 重复感染4次 | 重复感染5次 |
|---|
| 2008 | 2 314 | 106 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.38 |
| 2009 | 3 220 | 156 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.62 |
| 2010 | 6 677 | 432 | 162 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.08 |
| 2011 | 9 860 | 643 | 387 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 6.12 |
| 2012 | 8 703 | 682 | 528 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 7.27 |
| 2013 | 11 604 | 1 063 | 724 | 30 | 2 | 0 | 8.39 |
| 2014 | 5 904 | 611 | 668 | 39 | 5 | 0 | 9.38 |
| 2015 | 14 520 | 1 352 | 1 072 | 67 | 3 | 1 | 8.52 |
| 2016 | 7 460 | 641 | 895 | 61 | 5 | 0 | 7.91 |
| 2017 | 11 136 | 824 | 668 | 42 | 2 | 1 | 6.89 |
| 2018 | 6 812 | 542 | 765 | 53 | 5 | 0 | 7.37 |
| 2019 | 11 841 | 585 | 981 | 43 | 2 | 0 | 4.71 |
| 2020 | 980 | 73 | 108 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6.93 |
| 2021 | 7 793 | 380 | 562 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 4.65 |
| 2022 | 1 007 | 57 | 74 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 5.36 |
| 2023 | 11 821 | 254 | 623 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2.10 |
| 2024 | 1 084 | 2 | 144 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 0.18 |
| 合计 | 122 736 | 8 403 | 8 403 | 427 | 27 | 2 | 6.41 |
), ArticleFig(id=1324071018490372143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071008730227700, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Univariate logistic regression analysis of recurrent HFMD cases
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 单次感染
(n) | 重复感染
(n) | 重复感染
（%）率 | β | Wald | P | OR（95% CI） |
|---|
| 性别 | | | | | | | |
| 男 | 75 071 | 5 563 | 6.90 | 0.218 | 84.013 | <0.001 | 1.244（1.187～1.303） |
| 女 | 47 665 | 2 840 | 5.62 | | | | 1 |
| 年龄（岁） | | | | | | | |
| <1 | 16 278 | 1 726 | 9.59 | 1.706 | 921.758 | <0.001 | 5.507（4.933～6.148） |
| 1～<2 | 39 706 | 3 531 | 8.17 | 1.530 | 828.711 | <0.001 | 4.619（4.162～5.126） |
| 2～<3 | 25 375 | 1 682 | 6.22 | 1.236 | 485.066 | <0.001 | 3.443（3.084～3.843） |
| 3～<4 | 20 343 | 1 059 | 4.95 | 0.995 | 281.820 | <0.001 | 2.704（2.407～3.037） |
| ≥4 | 21 034 | 405 | 1.89 | | | | 1 |
| 人群分类 | | | | | | | |
| 散居儿童 | 91 180 | 7 203 | 7.32 | 2.094 | 159.802 | <0.001 | 8.118（5.857～11.231） |
| 幼托儿童 | 26 917 | 1 163 | 4.14 | 1.491 | 78.828 | <0.001 | 4.440（3.195～6.170） |
| 学生 | 3 802 | 37 | 0.96 | | | | 1 |
| 其他 | 837 | 0 | 0.00 | | | | |
| 居住地类型 | | | | | | | |
| 农村 | 20 201 | 1 589 | 7.29% | 0.302 | 41.185 | <0.001 | 1.353（1.234～1.484） |
| 城区 | 90 703 | 6 126 | 6.33% | 0.150 | 13.092 | <0.001 | 1.162（1.071～1.260） |
| 镇区 | 11 832 | 688 | 5.50% | | | | 1 |
| 病原体型别 | | | | | | | |
| EV71 | 413 | 36 | 8.02% | 0.380 | 2.242 | 0.134 | 1.462（0.889～2.404） |
| 其他肠道病毒 | 853 | 71 | 7.68% | 0.334 | 2.253 | 0.133 | 1.396（0.903～2.159） |
| 未知 | 120 950 | 8 265 | 6.40% | 0.136 | 0.543 | 0.461 | 1.146（0.797～1.648） |
| CoxA16 | 520 | 31 | 5.63% | | | | 1 |
| 首发重症 | | | | | | | |
| 是 | 678 | 70 | 9.36% | 0.414 | 10.767 | 0.001 | 1.512（1.181～1.936） |
| 否 | 122 058 | 8 333 | 6.39% | | | | 1 |
| 首发年份 | | | | | | | |
| 低发（偶数年） | 40 941 | 3 146 | 7.14% | 0.179 | 58.593 | <0.001 | 1.196（1.142～1.252） |
| 高发（奇数年） | 81 795 | 5 257 | 6.04% | | | | 1 |
| 流行季 | | | | | | | |
| 否 | 21 999 | 1 603 | 6.79% | 0.076 | 7.077 | 0.008 | 1.079（1.020～1.142） |
| 是 | 100 737 | 6 800 | 6.32% | | | | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1324071018578452528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071008730227700, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
手足口病重复感染病例单因素logistic回归分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 单次感染
(n) | 重复感染
(n) | 重复感染
（%）率 | β | Wald | P | OR（95% CI） |
|---|
| 性别 | | | | | | | |
| 男 | 75 071 | 5 563 | 6.90 | 0.218 | 84.013 | <0.001 | 1.244（1.187～1.303） |
| 女 | 47 665 | 2 840 | 5.62 | | | | 1 |
| 年龄（岁） | | | | | | | |
| <1 | 16 278 | 1 726 | 9.59 | 1.706 | 921.758 | <0.001 | 5.507（4.933～6.148） |
| 1～<2 | 39 706 | 3 531 | 8.17 | 1.530 | 828.711 | <0.001 | 4.619（4.162～5.126） |
| 2～<3 | 25 375 | 1 682 | 6.22 | 1.236 | 485.066 | <0.001 | 3.443（3.084～3.843） |
| 3～<4 | 20 343 | 1 059 | 4.95 | 0.995 | 281.820 | <0.001 | 2.704（2.407～3.037） |
| ≥4 | 21 034 | 405 | 1.89 | | | | 1 |
| 人群分类 | | | | | | | |
| 散居儿童 | 91 180 | 7 203 | 7.32 | 2.094 | 159.802 | <0.001 | 8.118（5.857～11.231） |
| 幼托儿童 | 26 917 | 1 163 | 4.14 | 1.491 | 78.828 | <0.001 | 4.440（3.195～6.170） |
| 学生 | 3 802 | 37 | 0.96 | | | | 1 |
| 其他 | 837 | 0 | 0.00 | | | | |
| 居住地类型 | | | | | | | |
| 农村 | 20 201 | 1 589 | 7.29% | 0.302 | 41.185 | <0.001 | 1.353（1.234～1.484） |
| 城区 | 90 703 | 6 126 | 6.33% | 0.150 | 13.092 | <0.001 | 1.162（1.071～1.260） |
| 镇区 | 11 832 | 688 | 5.50% | | | | 1 |
| 病原体型别 | | | | | | | |
| EV71 | 413 | 36 | 8.02% | 0.380 | 2.242 | 0.134 | 1.462（0.889～2.404） |
| 其他肠道病毒 | 853 | 71 | 7.68% | 0.334 | 2.253 | 0.133 | 1.396（0.903～2.159） |
| 未知 | 120 950 | 8 265 | 6.40% | 0.136 | 0.543 | 0.461 | 1.146（0.797～1.648） |
| CoxA16 | 520 | 31 | 5.63% | | | | 1 |
| 首发重症 | | | | | | | |
| 是 | 678 | 70 | 9.36% | 0.414 | 10.767 | 0.001 | 1.512（1.181～1.936） |
| 否 | 122 058 | 8 333 | 6.39% | | | | 1 |
| 首发年份 | | | | | | | |
| 低发（偶数年） | 40 941 | 3 146 | 7.14% | 0.179 | 58.593 | <0.001 | 1.196（1.142～1.252） |
| 高发（奇数年） | 81 795 | 5 257 | 6.04% | | | | 1 |
| 流行季 | | | | | | | |
| 否 | 21 999 | 1 603 | 6.79% | 0.076 | 7.077 | 0.008 | 1.079（1.020～1.142） |
| 是 | 100 737 | 6 800 | 6.32% | | | | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1324071018737836081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071008730227700, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of recurrent HFMD cases
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | | 参照 | B | Wald | P | OR（95% CI） |
|---|
| 性别 | 男 | 女 | 0.229 | 91.256 | <0.001 | 1.257（1.199～1.317） |
| 年龄（岁） | <1 | ≥4 | 1.605 | 620.409 | <0.001 | 4.979（4.388～5.650） |
| 1～<2 | | 1.429 | 536.350 | <0.001 | 4.173（3.698～4.710） |
| 2～<3 | | 1.122 | 329.294 | <0.001 | 3.072（2.721～3.468） |
| 3～<4 | | 0.865 | 198.996 | <0.001 | 2.376（2.107～2.679） |
| 人群分类 | 散居儿童 | 学生 | 0.848 | 23.687 | <0.001 | 2.335（1.659～3.285） |
| 幼托儿童 | | 0.884 | 26.218 | <0.001 | 2.421（1.726～3.396） |
| 居住类型 | 农村 | 镇区 | 0.233 | 0.047 | <0.001 | 1.262（1.150～1.385） |
| 城区 | | 0.191 | 0.042 | <0.001 | 1.211（1.116～1.314） |
| 首发年份 | 低发（偶数年） | 高发（奇数年） | 0.198 | 70.557 | <0.001 | 1.218（1.164～1.276） |
| 流行季 | 否 | 是 | -0.057 | 3.126 | 0.077 | 0.944（0.886～1.006） |
| 首发重症 | 是 | 否 | 0.255 | 4.059 | 0.044 | 1.291（1.007～1.655） |
), ArticleFig(id=1324071020520415283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324071008730227700, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
手足口病重复感染病例多因素logistic 回归分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | | 参照 | B | Wald | P | OR（95% CI） |
|---|
| 性别 | 男 | 女 | 0.229 | 91.256 | <0.001 | 1.257（1.199～1.317） |
| 年龄（岁） | <1 | ≥4 | 1.605 | 620.409 | <0.001 | 4.979（4.388～5.650） |
| 1～<2 | | 1.429 | 536.350 | <0.001 | 4.173（3.698～4.710） |
| 2～<3 | | 1.122 | 329.294 | <0.001 | 3.072（2.721～3.468） |
| 3～<4 | | 0.865 | 198.996 | <0.001 | 2.376（2.107～2.679） |
| 人群分类 | 散居儿童 | 学生 | 0.848 | 23.687 | <0.001 | 2.335（1.659～3.285） |
| 幼托儿童 | | 0.884 | 26.218 | <0.001 | 2.421（1.726～3.396） |
| 居住类型 | 农村 | 镇区 | 0.233 | 0.047 | <0.001 | 1.262（1.150～1.385） |
| 城区 | | 0.191 | 0.042 | <0.001 | 1.211（1.116～1.314） |
| 首发年份 | 低发（偶数年） | 高发（奇数年） | 0.198 | 70.557 | <0.001 | 1.218（1.164～1.276） |
| 流行季 | 否 | 是 | -0.057 | 3.126 | 0.077 | 0.944（0.886～1.006） |
| 首发重症 | 是 | 否 | 0.255 | 4.059 | 0.044 | 1.291（1.007～1.655） |
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