Article(id=1322608309002159054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506374, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750348800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793263993740, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793263993740, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793263993740, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793263993740, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322608013010120712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793263923169, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264266929, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3922, endPage=3927, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322608311107699665, articleId=1322608309002159054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella foodborne diseases in Hunan Province, 2014—2023, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella foodborne diseases in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2023, and to provide references for disease prevention and control, thereby promoting the rational allocation and targeted intervention of public health resources.

Methods

Active surveillance data were collected through the "Foodborne Disease Monitoring and Reporting System", and descriptive analysis was conducted on the epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella foodborne diseases in Hunan from 2014 to 2023. Global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses were performed using ArcGIS 10.8 software.

Results

From 2014 to 2023, sentinel hospitals in Hunan Province reported a total of 2 459 Salmonella-positive cases through active surveillance, with a positivity rate of 7.79%. The lowest number of cases was recorded in 2014 (142 cases), while the lowest positivity rate (5.26%) occurred in 2016. In contrast, 2023 showed the highest figures, with 455 cases and a positivity rate of 10.24%. The incidence exhibited clear seasonality, with higher case numbers in July (426 cases), August (385 cases), and September (354 cases). The positivity rates were also elevated in June (11.92%), July (11.71%), and August (11.17%), indicating that the period from June to September was the peak season for Salmonella infections. The majority of cases (1 572 cases, 66.93%) were concentrated in children aged 5 years and younger. Among the suspected food exposures linked to Salmonella infections, dairy and dairy products accounted for the highest proportion (22.15%). Global spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a positive spatial correlation in Salmonella positivity rates across Hunan Province from 2015 to 2016. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis further identified "high-high" clustering areas, primarily in Liuyang City, Yuhua District, Tianyuan District, Shifeng District, and Yuetang District.

Conclusion

From 2014 to 2023, Salmonella foodborne diseases in Hunan showed an increasing trend with significant spatial clustering. Prevention and control efforts should be strengthened during high-incidence periods, among high-risk populations, and in key regions.

, authors=Yang-yan-yan WU1, 2, Shi-lan WU1, Can LUO3, Yan-hua CHEN1, Jin-jun LIANG1, Jia-hao XIONG1, Qiang WANG1, authorsList=Yang-yan-yan WU, Shi-lan WU, Can LUO, Yan-hua CHEN, Jin-jun LIANG, Jia-hao XIONG, Qiang WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qiang WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322608313200657372, articleId=1322608309002159054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病流行病学特征分析, columnId=1228016573034721597, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=营养与食品卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病的流行病学特征,为相关疾病的防控工作提供参考依据,促进公共卫生资源的合理配置和精准防控。

方法

通过食源性疾病监测报告系统收集主动监测相关数据,对湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病的流行特征进行描述性分析;运用ArcGIS 10.8软件进行全局和局部空间自相关分析。

结果

2014—2023年湖南省主动监测哨点医院共报告沙门菌阳性病例2 459例,阳性率为7.79%,其中2014年病例数最少,为142例;2016年阳性率最低,为5.26%;2023年病例数和阳性率均最高,分别为455例和10.24%。发病呈现明显的季节性,7、8和9月的病例数较高,分别为426、385和354例;6、7和8月的阳性率较高,分别为11.92%、11.71%、11.17%;6—9月为沙门菌病例高发期。病例主要集中在5岁及以下儿童,共1 572例,占66.93%。沙门菌病例可疑暴露食物中乳与乳制品占比最高,为22.15%。全局空间自相关分析显示,2015—2016年湖南省沙门菌阳性率存在空间正相关,局部空间自相关分析显示,“高-高”聚集区域主要为浏阳市、雨花区、天元区、石峰区和岳塘区。

结论

湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病呈上升趋势,存在明显的空间聚集性,应针对沙门菌食源性疾病高发时期、高发人群及重点区域加强防控。

, authors=吴洋妍妍1, 2, 吴诗蓝1, 罗璨3, 陈艳华1, 梁进军1, 熊家豪1, 汪强1, authorsList=吴洋妍妍, 吴诗蓝, 罗璨, 陈艳华, 梁进军, 熊家豪, 汪强, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=汪强, authorNote=

吴洋妍妍(1991—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:疾病控制

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汪强,E-mail:
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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal clustering analysis on foodborne infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Ningbo, 2014-2022, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322608331638816813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608309002159054, awardId=2024JJ6266, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金(2024JJ6266), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322608333392035887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608309002159054, awardId=W20243298, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省卫生健康委卫生科研课题(W20243298), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322608333505282097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608309002159054, awardId=FNS-HBKL2023A03, language=CN, fundingSource=食品营养与安全湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(FNS-HBKL2023A03), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322608333593362483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, 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journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608309002159054, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Local spatial autocorrelation analysis of Salmonella foodborne disease positive rates in Hunan Province, 2014—2023, figureFileSmall=JLJk2paxEsiWsqqyvjNpYg==, figureFileBig=si6P7+mIiMj0+t7RhxeeJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608327377403938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608309002159054, language=CN, label=图4, caption=湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病阳性率局部空间自相关分析

注:本图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载;审图号GS(2024)0650号,底图无修改。

, figureFileSmall=JLJk2paxEsiWsqqyvjNpYg==, figureFileBig=si6P7+mIiMj0+t7RhxeeJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608329046736932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608309002159054, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Demographic distribution of Salmonella foodborne disease cases in Hunan Province, 2014—2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组病例数构成比(%)阳性率(%)χ2值P值
性别
男1 40557.148.177.5790.006
女1 05442.867.34
年龄(岁)
0~11 26951.6114.10842.039<0.001
2~530312.3210.85
6~171777.205.57
18~6046418.874.11
61~10424610.004.66
), ArticleFig(id=1322608329512304677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608309002159054, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病人群分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组病例数构成比(%)阳性率(%)χ2值P值
性别
男1 40557.148.177.5790.006
女1 05442.867.34
年龄(岁)
0~11 26951.6114.10842.039<0.001
2~530312.3210.85
6~171777.205.57
18~6046418.874.11
61~10424610.004.66
), ArticleFig(id=1322608329893986342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608309002159054, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Global spatial autocorrelation analysis of Salmonella foodborne illness cases in Hunan Province, 2014—2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份(年)Moran IZ值P值是否聚集
20140.2090.8810.378否
20150.8152.3770.017是
20160.5272.0440.041是
20170.0630.1730.863否
2018-0.371-0.8930.372否
20190.4120.8700.384否
2020-0.306-0.6960.486否
20210.0490.2150.830否
2022-0.333-0.8010.423否
2023-0.553-1.3510.177否
), ArticleFig(id=1322608329986261031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608309002159054, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病全局空间自相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份(年)Moran IZ值P值是否聚集
20140.2090.8810.378否
20150.8152.3770.017是
20160.5272.0440.041是
20170.0630.1730.863否
2018-0.371-0.8930.372否
20190.4120.8700.384否
2020-0.306-0.6960.486否
20210.0490.2150.830否
2022-0.333-0.8010.423否
2023-0.553-1.3510.177否
), ArticleFig(id=1322608330388914218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608309002159054, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Distribution of exposure foods in Salmonella foodborne disease cases in Hunan Province, 2014—2023

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食品分类数量构成比(%)
乳与乳制品52222.15
粮食类及其制品42417.99
水果类及其制品41617.65
多种及混合食品29712.60
肉与肉制品25810.95
蔬菜类及其制品1124.75
蛋与蛋制品1044.41
水产动物及其制品813.44
饮料与冷冻饮品类391.65
豆及豆制品351.48
其他食品241.02
婴幼儿食品160.68
菌类及其制品130.55
糖果、巧克力、蜂蜜及其制品60.25
藻类及其制品40.17
不明食品30.13
酒类及其制品30.13
总计2 357100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1322608330820927531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608309002159054, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病暴露食品分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食品分类数量构成比(%)
乳与乳制品52222.15
粮食类及其制品42417.99
水果类及其制品41617.65
多种及混合食品29712.60
肉与肉制品25810.95
蔬菜类及其制品1124.75
蛋与蛋制品1044.41
水产动物及其制品813.44
饮料与冷冻饮品类391.65
豆及豆制品351.48
其他食品241.02
婴幼儿食品160.68
菌类及其制品130.55
糖果、巧克力、蜂蜜及其制品60.25
藻类及其制品40.17
不明食品30.13
酒类及其制品30.13
总计2 357100.00
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湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病流行病学特征分析
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吴洋妍妍 1, 2 , 吴诗蓝 1 , 罗璨 3 , 陈艳华 1 , 梁进军 1 , 熊家豪 1 , 汪强 1
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(21): 3922-3927
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现代预防医学 |营养与食品卫生 2025 , 52 (21) : 3922 -3927
湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病流行病学特征分析
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吴洋妍妍1, 2, 吴诗蓝1, 罗璨3, 陈艳华1, 梁进军1, 熊家豪1, 汪强1
作者信息
  • 1.湖南省疾病预防控制中心(湖南省预防医学科学院),湖南 长沙 410153
  • 2.常德市疾病预防控制中心,湖南 常德 415000
  • 3.长沙市疾病预防控制中心
通讯作者:
汪强,E-mail:
作者简介:

吴洋妍妍(1991—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:疾病控制

Epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella foodborne diseases in Hunan Province, 2014—2023
Yang-yan-yan WU1, 2, Shi-lan WU1, Can LUO3, Yan-hua CHEN1, Jin-jun LIANG1, Jia-hao XIONG1, Qiang WANG1
Affiliations
  • Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hunan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Changsha, Hunan 410153, China
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506374
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目的

分析湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病的流行病学特征,为相关疾病的防控工作提供参考依据,促进公共卫生资源的合理配置和精准防控。

方法

通过食源性疾病监测报告系统收集主动监测相关数据,对湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病的流行特征进行描述性分析;运用ArcGIS 10.8软件进行全局和局部空间自相关分析。

结果

2014—2023年湖南省主动监测哨点医院共报告沙门菌阳性病例2 459例,阳性率为7.79%,其中2014年病例数最少,为142例;2016年阳性率最低,为5.26%;2023年病例数和阳性率均最高,分别为455例和10.24%。发病呈现明显的季节性,7、8和9月的病例数较高,分别为426、385和354例;6、7和8月的阳性率较高,分别为11.92%、11.71%、11.17%;6—9月为沙门菌病例高发期。病例主要集中在5岁及以下儿童,共1 572例,占66.93%。沙门菌病例可疑暴露食物中乳与乳制品占比最高,为22.15%。全局空间自相关分析显示,2015—2016年湖南省沙门菌阳性率存在空间正相关,局部空间自相关分析显示,“高-高”聚集区域主要为浏阳市、雨花区、天元区、石峰区和岳塘区。

结论

湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病呈上升趋势,存在明显的空间聚集性,应针对沙门菌食源性疾病高发时期、高发人群及重点区域加强防控。

沙门菌  /  食源性疾病  /  流行病学特征  /  空间聚集性
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella foodborne diseases in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2023, and to provide references for disease prevention and control, thereby promoting the rational allocation and targeted intervention of public health resources.

Methods

Active surveillance data were collected through the "Foodborne Disease Monitoring and Reporting System", and descriptive analysis was conducted on the epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella foodborne diseases in Hunan from 2014 to 2023. Global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses were performed using ArcGIS 10.8 software.

Results

From 2014 to 2023, sentinel hospitals in Hunan Province reported a total of 2 459 Salmonella-positive cases through active surveillance, with a positivity rate of 7.79%. The lowest number of cases was recorded in 2014 (142 cases), while the lowest positivity rate (5.26%) occurred in 2016. In contrast, 2023 showed the highest figures, with 455 cases and a positivity rate of 10.24%. The incidence exhibited clear seasonality, with higher case numbers in July (426 cases), August (385 cases), and September (354 cases). The positivity rates were also elevated in June (11.92%), July (11.71%), and August (11.17%), indicating that the period from June to September was the peak season for Salmonella infections. The majority of cases (1 572 cases, 66.93%) were concentrated in children aged 5 years and younger. Among the suspected food exposures linked to Salmonella infections, dairy and dairy products accounted for the highest proportion (22.15%). Global spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a positive spatial correlation in Salmonella positivity rates across Hunan Province from 2015 to 2016. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis further identified "high-high" clustering areas, primarily in Liuyang City, Yuhua District, Tianyuan District, Shifeng District, and Yuetang District.

Conclusion

From 2014 to 2023, Salmonella foodborne diseases in Hunan showed an increasing trend with significant spatial clustering. Prevention and control efforts should be strengthened during high-incidence periods, among high-risk populations, and in key regions.

Salmonella  /  Foodborne disease  /  Epidemiological characteristics  /  Spatial clustering
吴洋妍妍, 吴诗蓝, 罗璨, 陈艳华, 梁进军, 熊家豪, 汪强. 湖南省2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病流行病学特征分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3922 -3927 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506374
Yang-yan-yan WU, Shi-lan WU, Can LUO, Yan-hua CHEN, Jin-jun LIANG, Jia-hao XIONG, Qiang WANG. Epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella foodborne diseases in Hunan Province, 2014—2023[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3922 -3927 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506374
食源性疾病是指食物中致病因素进入人体引起的感染性、中毒性等疾病,包括食物中毒[1]。沙门菌是引起食源性疾病最常见的致病菌,具有传播范围广、外界抵抗力强、耐药性高等特性。全球每年约有9 380万人因感染沙门菌发生胃肠炎症,其中约15.5万人死亡[2]。相关研究表明,我国由细菌引起的食源性疾病事件中,沙门菌感染占70%~80%[3],带来巨大的疾病负担[4]。沙门菌主要经粪-口途径传播,通过接触或食用被沙门菌污染的食物而感染,2015年世界卫生组织把沙门菌确定为引起严重疾病及死亡的食源性病原体[5]。
目前,针对食源性疾病空间分布的相关研究尚显不足。本研究分析2014—2023年湖南省沙门菌食源性疾病的流行病学特征,为相关疾病的防控工作提供参考依据,促进公共卫生资源的合理配置和精准防控。
病例的监测数据来源于食源性疾病监测报告系统中主动监测哨点医院报告的2014—2023年食源性疾病病例资料及相关实验室检测结果信息。报告病例是指由食品或疑似由食品引发,以腹泻(每日排便≥3次)、并伴有粪便性状异常(稀便、水样便、粘液便或脓血便等)为主要临床表现的患者。本研究以沙门菌检测结果为阳性的监测病例为研究对象。
运用Excel 2017软件对本研究数据进行整理和统计分析,描述2014—2023年湖南省沙门菌食源性疾病流行病学特征并绘制图表。运用SPSS 25.0软件对阳性率或构成比差异进行χ2检验。
本研究运用ArcGIS 10.8软件对历年沙门菌阳性率进行全局空间自相关分析和局部空间自相关分析。全局空间自相关分析采用Moran I指数,其取值范围为-1~1,大于0表示呈空间正相关,其值越大,聚集性越强;小于0表示呈空间负相关,其值越小,离散性越强;等于0则表示各区域间不存在空间相关性,呈随机化分布。Moran I指数用Z检验进行显著性评价,检验水准α=0.05。
局部空间自相关用LISA聚集图进一步指出具体聚集区域及聚集模式。可显示“高-高”聚集、“低-低”聚集、“高-低”聚集、“低-高”聚集四种局部空间聚集模式。“高-高”聚集即本区域的发病率较高,邻近区域的发病率也相应较高;“低-低”聚集即本区域的发病率较低,邻近区域的发病率也相应较低;“高-低”聚集即本区域的发病率较高,邻近区域的发病率较低;“低-高”聚集即本区域的发病率较低,邻近区域的发病率较高。
2014—2023年湖南省主动监测哨点医院共报告食源性疾病病例31 546例,沙门菌阳性病例2 459例,阳性率为7.79%(2 459/31 546)。
2014—2023年湖南省沙门菌食源性疾病整体呈上升趋势,其中2023年病例数和阳性率均最高,分别为455例和10.24%;2014年病例数最少,为142例;2016年阳性率最低,为5.26%。不同年份沙门菌阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2= 75.971,P<0.01)。见图1。
全年1—12月均有沙门菌阳性病例报告,病例数和阳性率均呈单峰分布,病例数最高的月份为7月(426例),其次为8月(385例)和9月(354例),阳性率最高的月份是6月(11.92%),其次是7月(11.71%)和8月(11.17%),各月阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=642.073,P<0.01)。见图2。
2 459例沙门菌阳性病例中,男性1 405例,阳性率为8.17%,女性1 054例,阳性率为7.34%,男女性别比为1.3:1,男性沙门菌阳性率高于女性(χ2=7.579,P=0.006)。沙门菌病例年龄分布为4 d~104岁,病例主要集中在5岁及以下儿童,共1 572例(63.93%),其中以1岁及以下的婴幼儿高发,共1 269例,占51.61%。不同年龄组沙门菌阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=842.039,P<0.01),病例主要为散居儿童和农民,分别占总病例数的54.63%和11.87%。见表1。
沙门菌阳性病例数最高的五个市州依次为郴州市、长沙市、衡阳市、岳阳市和娄底市,分别为550、492、407、233和139例。阳性率最高的五个市州依次为郴州市、衡阳市、岳阳市、长沙市和娄底市,分别为13.82%、10.28%、9.83%、9.74%、9.33%。不同市州沙门菌阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=557.358,P<0.01)。见图3。
对2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病阳性率进行全局空间自相关分析,结果显示,2015—2016年湖南省沙门菌阳性率存在正向空间自相关(Moran I>0,P<0.05),表明湖南省各区县(市)沙门菌阳性率在总体上具有空间聚集性。2014、2017—2023年(P<0.05)无空间聚集自相关关系。见表2。
为进一步探究沙门菌食源性疾病发病聚集分布情况,进行局部空间自相关分析。结果显示,2014—2023年湖南省沙门菌食源性疾病阳性率分布不均衡,各聚集区呈动态分布,不同年度共出现28个“高-高”聚集区,主要集中在长沙市的四个区县(市):开福区、浏阳市、宁乡市、雨花区;株洲市的三个区县(市):醴陵市、石峰区、天元区;郴州市的三个区县(市):桂阳县、苏仙区、资兴市;湘潭市的二个区县(市):湘潭县、岳塘区;张家界市的二个区县(市):慈利县、永定区;岳阳市的二个区县(市):华容县、岳阳楼区;衡阳市的二个区县(市):衡阳县、雁峰区;常德市的二个区县(市):鼎城区、桃源县;娄底市的二个区县(市):涟源市、娄星区;怀化市的二个区县(市)鹤城区、洪江市;永州市的冷水滩区;益阳市的赫山区;湘西州的吉首市;邵阳市的大祥区。总的来看,浏阳市、雨花区、石峰区、天元区和岳塘区为“高-高”聚集区。见图4。
2 459例沙门菌食源性疾病病例中,2 357例病例记录了可疑暴露食品信息,居前五位的分别是乳与乳制品、粮食类及其制品、水果类及其制品、多种及混合食品、肉与肉制品,分别为22.15%、17.99%、17.65%、12.60%、10.95%,共占全部食品的81.33%。见表3。
本研究分析了2014—2023年湖南省沙门菌食源性疾病的流行病学特征,结果显示,共报告沙门菌食源性疾病病例2 459例,阳性率为7.79%(2 459/ 31 546),高于江西省[6](3.18%)、重庆市[7](4.66%)、贵州省[8](4.86%)和浙江省[9](6.62%),低于广东省[10](18.90%)、安徽省[11](14.24%)。可能与不同地区不同微生物的分布存在差异等有关。
2014—2023年沙门菌食源性疾病呈上升趋势,需密切关注沙门菌疾病的感染情况,以防食源性疾病暴发的风险。每年的6—9月为沙门菌流行高峰期,这与江苏省[12]的研究结果一致,湖南省地处亚热带季风气候区,夏季高温湿热的环境有利于沙门菌的生长繁殖,同时,人们在夏季偏好生冷饮食,且炎热天气导致食物更易腐败变质,增加了食源性疾病感染风险。因此,在感染高发期应加强食品安全监管和食源性疾病预防措施。
男性沙门菌阳性率高于女性,这与山西省[13]、江苏省[14]研究的结果一致,可能由于男性人群相较于女性具有更广泛的社会活动范围和更复杂的环境接触,导致其暴露于不安全食品环境的风险增加。各年龄段人群均可被感染,5岁以下的儿童沙门菌阳性率最高,尤其是1岁以下的婴幼儿,明显高于其他年龄段人员。这与肖巍等[15]研究报道的结果一致,其原因可能与儿童的免疫力低、胃肠屏障功能较弱、卫生意识薄弱、家长重视程度高、就诊之前服药率低等有关。此外,1岁以下的婴幼儿由于免疫系统发育不全,感染沙门菌后更容易引发重症急性胃肠炎,因而该年龄组患儿的就诊率明显高于其他年龄段,导致沙门菌感染病例呈现出低龄化趋势[16]。
郴州市和衡阳市沙门菌阳性率较高,郴州市与衡阳市为湘江流域主要污染区,郴州市是湖南最集中的矿物资源聚集区,为“中国有色金属之乡”,衡阳市是湖南重要的工业城市,其环境风险尤为突出。应加强这些地区的环境污染有害因素监测,积极开展健康宣教,提高当地居民对食品安全的认识。全局空间自相关分析显示,2015—2016年湖南省沙门菌食源性疾病发病并不是随机分布的,地区之间呈现明显的空间正相关关系,存在高值或低值的聚集。局部空间自相关分析显示,高-高聚集区随时间呈动态变化,主要分布在湖南的中东部,这些区域地理邻近,跨市相连,其中雨花区、石峰区、天元区、岳塘区是长株潭城市群的核心城区,可能与这些地区人口密集与高流动性有关,同时,由于这些区域医疗资源丰富(如湖南省儿童医院、株洲市中心医院、湘潭市中心医院),沙门菌的检出率可能高于其他地区,导致统计学上的高-高聚集。而长沙浏阳市是全省重要的家禽、生猪养殖基地,沙门菌在禽类和畜类中带菌率很高[17],在储运、销售、加工等环节中易发生交叉污染,可能通过食品供应链、人口流动、水系污染等因素互相影响,导致沙门菌传播具有空间连续性,形成高-高聚集区域。宋晟等[18]调查发现长沙市生鲜市场销售的猪肉和鸡肉中沙门菌污染情况较为严重,存在较高的食品安全风险。提示这些地区是今后沙门菌食源性疾病防治的重点区域。
在沙门菌感染病例的可疑暴露食物中,乳与乳制品(22.15%)占比最高,其次是粮食类及其制品(17.99%)与水果类及其制品(17.65%),这与武汉地区的监测结果一致[16],与四川省主要可疑暴露食物为肉与肉制品[19]、福建省为粮食类及其制品[20]的监测结果存在差异,反映不同地区的饮食差异影响可疑暴露食品分布情况。建议对易受沙门菌污染的高风险食品,如牛奶、婴幼儿配方奶粉等产品加强监督管理,强化公众的食品安全风险意识,从源头预防食源性疾病的发生。
本研究存在一定的局限性。第一,数据资料来自2014—2023年湖南省的主动监测哨点医院,具有一定的代表性,但由于不同区县(市)在哨点医院的设置及病例样本采集量上存在地域差异,难以完全真实的反映出沙门菌食源性疾病的流行病学特征[21];第二,食源性疾病患者由于自愈性强、重视程度不够及自行服用抗生素等原因,监测病例数可能远低于实际发病例数。
  • 湖南省自然科学基金(2024JJ6266)
  • 湖南省卫生健康委卫生科研课题(W20243298)
  • 食品营养与安全湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(FNS-HBKL2023A03)
  • 长沙市卫生健康委科研计划项目(KJ-A2023019)
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2025年第52卷第21期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506374
  • 接收时间:2025-06-20
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-20
基金
湖南省自然科学基金(2024JJ6266)
湖南省卫生健康委卫生科研课题(W20243298)
食品营养与安全湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(FNS-HBKL2023A03)
长沙市卫生健康委科研计划项目(KJ-A2023019)
作者信息
    1.湖南省疾病预防控制中心(湖南省预防医学科学院),湖南 长沙 410153
    2.常德市疾病预防控制中心,湖南 常德 415000
    3.长沙市疾病预防控制中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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