Article(id=1322609162127790276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506364, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750608000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793264197140, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793264197140, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793264197140, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793264197140, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322609030938346427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793264165863, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264299902, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4215, endPage=4221, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322609162312339653, articleId=1322609162127790276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=A Cross-sectional study on the association between the C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on NHANES data, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the correlation between the C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte(CALLY)index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).

Methods

Using data from two cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)in the United States from 2015 to March 2020, we conducted multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline analysis to explore the relationship between Log2CALLY and COPD. The predictive accuracy of Log2CALLY for COPD risk was assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.

Results

A total of 7 186 participants were included in this study, of whom 817(10.89%)had COPD. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the prevalence of COPD in the highest quartile group was 40% lower compared to the lowest quartile group(OR=0.60, 95% CI:0.39-0.94, P=0.029). Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a linear negative correlation between Log2CALLY and COPD(Pnon-linear=0.74). No significant interactions were observed between age, gender, body mass index, smoking and drinking status, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and Log2CALLY(P>0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that after full adjustment, the area under the curve(AUC)for Log2CALLY in predicting COPD risk was 0.83.

Conclusion

The CALLY index is linearly negatively correlated with the risk of COPD, indicating its potential as a composite biomarker for early risk prediction of COPD.

, authors=Jing-qi RUAN1, Yu-lei BI1, Li-jie ZHAO2, Shi-chang LI1, Huan YANG1, Ming-jing DUAN1, Yang XU1, Man-li SUN1, authorsList=Jing-qi RUAN, Yu-lei BI, Li-jie ZHAO, Shi-chang LI, Huan YANG, Ming-jing DUAN, Yang XU, Man-li SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Man-li SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322609163608379604, articleId=1322609162127790276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于NHANES数据的C反应蛋白-白蛋白-淋巴细胞指数与慢性阻塞性肺疾病关联的横断面研究, columnId=1228016570119680182, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=临床与预防, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究C反应蛋白-白蛋白-淋巴细胞(CALLY)指数与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)之间的相关性。

方法

基于美国国家营养与健康调查(NHANES)数据库2015—2020年3月两个周期的数据,利用多因素logistic回归、亚组分析和限制性立方样条分析Log2CALLY与COPD的关系。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析评估Log2CALLY对COPD风险的预测效能。

结果

本研究共纳入研究对象7 186名,817人(10.89%)患有COPD。多因素logistic回归显示,与最低四分位数组相比,最高四分位数组中COPD的患病率减少40%(OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.39~0.94,P=0.029)。限制性立方样条结果证实,Log2CALLY指数与COPD呈线性负相关。年龄、性别、身体质量指数、吸烟和饮酒状况、高血压、糖尿病、哮喘和心血管疾病与Log2CALLY之间没有显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。ROC曲线显示,经完全调整后,Log2CALLY预测COPD风险的曲线下面积为0.83。

结论

CALLY指数与COPD患病风险呈线性负相关,提示CALLY指数可能作为复合生物标志物,用于COPD的早期风险预警。

, authors=阮敬淇1, 毕玉磊1, 赵丽杰2, 李诗畅1, 杨欢1, 段明靖1, 徐扬1, 孙嫚丽1, authorsList=阮敬淇, 毕玉磊, 赵丽杰, 李诗畅, 杨欢, 段明靖, 徐扬, 孙嫚丽, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙嫚丽, authorNote=

阮敬淇(1996—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:公共卫生

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孙嫚丽,E-mail:
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注:A调整年龄后;B调整所有协变量。

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Baseline characteristics of the study population

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特征COPD(n=817)非COPD(n=6 369)P值
年龄[岁,]63.20±10.7458.09±11.44<0.001
白蛋白[g/L,M(P25,P75)]40.00(38.00, 42.00)42.00(40.00, 44.00)<0.001
淋巴细胞[109/L,M(P25,P75)]2.00(1.60, 2.60)2.00(1.60, 2.40)0.300
高敏C反应蛋白[mg/L,M(P25,P75)]3.29(1.44, 6.15)1.81(0.84, 4.08)<0.001
白细胞[109/L,M(P25,P75)]7.50(6.30, 9.00)6.80(5.60, 8.30)<0.001
红细胞[109/L,M(P25,P75)]4.67(4.36, 4.95)4.72(4.40, 5.01)0.037
单核细胞[109/L,M(P25,P75)]0.60(0.50, 0.70)0.60(0.40, 0.70)<0.001
中性粒细胞[109/L,M(P25,P75)]4.50(3.50, 5.50)3.90(3.10, 5.00)<0.001
血小板[109/L,M(P25,P75)]233.00(194.00, 282.00)232.00(198.00, 270.00)0.400
CALLY指数[n(%)]<0.001
Q1329(36.72)1 630(23.56)
Q2224(30.61)1 578(24.31)
Q3142(17.32)1 531(25.99)
Q4122(15.35)1 630(26.14)
性别[n(%)]0.009
男性380(40.50)3 170(48.35)
女性437(59.50)3 199(51.65)
种族[n(%)]<0.001
墨西哥裔美国人44(2.21)874(6.77)
其他拉美裔74(3.81)731(5.91)
非西班牙裔白人471(79.11)2 339(69.57)
非西班牙裔黑人150(7.13)1 501(9.65)
其他种族78(7.74)924(8.10)
婚姻状况[n(%)]<0.001
已婚或同居410(59.13)4 031(69.53)
单身407(40.87)2 338(30.47)
教育程度[n(%)]0.001
高中以下69(4.26)632(4.32)
高中126(11.22)674(7.19)
高中及以上622(84.52)5 063(88.49)
贫困收入比[n(%)]<0.001
高(>3.49)147(28.95)2 252(52.30)
中(1.39~3.49)331(40.94)2 336(32.18)
低(<1.39)339(30.11)1 781(15.22)
身体质量指数[ kg/m2,n(%)]<0.001
正常(≤24.9)172(20.26)1 415(22.69)
超重(25~29.9)216(27.72)2 221(35.26)
肥胖(≥30)429(52.02)2 733(42.05)
吸烟状况[n(%)]<0.001
从不吸烟者222(25.67)3 631(56.71)
既往吸烟者326(40.10)1 788(30.35)
当前吸烟者269(34.23)950(12.94)
饮酒状况[n(%)]0.140
是704(88.98)5 176(86.30)
否113(11.02)1 193(13.70)
高血压[n(%)]<0.001
是628(72.57)4 335(62.03)
否189(27.43)2 034(37.97)
哮喘[n(%)]<0.001
是350(38.80)710(11.08)
否466(61.20)5 656(88.92)
糖尿病[n(%)]<0.001
是305(34.55)1 672(19.91)
否512(65.45)4 697(80.09)
心血管疾病[n(%)]<0.001
是306(34.11)879(11.06)
否511(65.89)5 490(88.94)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609170646421779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609162127790276, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究人群的基线特征

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特征COPD(n=817)非COPD(n=6 369)P值
年龄[岁,]63.20±10.7458.09±11.44<0.001
白蛋白[g/L,M(P25,P75)]40.00(38.00, 42.00)42.00(40.00, 44.00)<0.001
淋巴细胞[109/L,M(P25,P75)]2.00(1.60, 2.60)2.00(1.60, 2.40)0.300
高敏C反应蛋白[mg/L,M(P25,P75)]3.29(1.44, 6.15)1.81(0.84, 4.08)<0.001
白细胞[109/L,M(P25,P75)]7.50(6.30, 9.00)6.80(5.60, 8.30)<0.001
红细胞[109/L,M(P25,P75)]4.67(4.36, 4.95)4.72(4.40, 5.01)0.037
单核细胞[109/L,M(P25,P75)]0.60(0.50, 0.70)0.60(0.40, 0.70)<0.001
中性粒细胞[109/L,M(P25,P75)]4.50(3.50, 5.50)3.90(3.10, 5.00)<0.001
血小板[109/L,M(P25,P75)]233.00(194.00, 282.00)232.00(198.00, 270.00)0.400
CALLY指数[n(%)]<0.001
Q1329(36.72)1 630(23.56)
Q2224(30.61)1 578(24.31)
Q3142(17.32)1 531(25.99)
Q4122(15.35)1 630(26.14)
性别[n(%)]0.009
男性380(40.50)3 170(48.35)
女性437(59.50)3 199(51.65)
种族[n(%)]<0.001
墨西哥裔美国人44(2.21)874(6.77)
其他拉美裔74(3.81)731(5.91)
非西班牙裔白人471(79.11)2 339(69.57)
非西班牙裔黑人150(7.13)1 501(9.65)
其他种族78(7.74)924(8.10)
婚姻状况[n(%)]<0.001
已婚或同居410(59.13)4 031(69.53)
单身407(40.87)2 338(30.47)
教育程度[n(%)]0.001
高中以下69(4.26)632(4.32)
高中126(11.22)674(7.19)
高中及以上622(84.52)5 063(88.49)
贫困收入比[n(%)]<0.001
高(>3.49)147(28.95)2 252(52.30)
中(1.39~3.49)331(40.94)2 336(32.18)
低(<1.39)339(30.11)1 781(15.22)
身体质量指数[ kg/m2,n(%)]<0.001
正常(≤24.9)172(20.26)1 415(22.69)
超重(25~29.9)216(27.72)2 221(35.26)
肥胖(≥30)429(52.02)2 733(42.05)
吸烟状况[n(%)]<0.001
从不吸烟者222(25.67)3 631(56.71)
既往吸烟者326(40.10)1 788(30.35)
当前吸烟者269(34.23)950(12.94)
饮酒状况[n(%)]0.140
是704(88.98)5 176(86.30)
否113(11.02)1 193(13.70)
高血压[n(%)]<0.001
是628(72.57)4 335(62.03)
否189(27.43)2 034(37.97)
哮喘[n(%)]<0.001
是350(38.80)710(11.08)
否466(61.20)5 656(88.92)
糖尿病[n(%)]<0.001
是305(34.55)1 672(19.91)
否512(65.45)4 697(80.09)
心血管疾病[n(%)]<0.001
是306(34.11)879(11.06)
否511(65.89)5 490(88.94)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609170742890772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609162127790276, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of Log2CALLY and COPD

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指标模型1模型2模型3
OR值(95% CI)P值OR值(95% CI)P值OR值(95% CI)P值
Log2CALLY (连续变量)0.60(0.53~0.68)<0.0010.68(0.59~0.79)<0.0010.75(0.65~0.86)<0.001
Q1参考参考参考
Q20.81(0.54~1.21)0.3000.85(0.55~1.31)0.4001.04(0.62~1.74)0.900
Q30.43(0.33~0.55)<0.0010.50(0.37~0.66)<0.0010.61(0.44~0.85)0.007
Q40.38(0.27~0.52)<0.0010.51(0.35~0.74)0.0010.60(0.39~0.94)0.029
P趋势值<0.001<0.0010.005
), ArticleFig(id=1322609171044880661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609162127790276, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Log2CALLY与COPD的多因素logistic回归分析

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指标模型1模型2模型3
OR值(95% CI)P值OR值(95% CI)P值OR值(95% CI)P值
Log2CALLY (连续变量)0.60(0.53~0.68)<0.0010.68(0.59~0.79)<0.0010.75(0.65~0.86)<0.001
Q1参考参考参考
Q20.81(0.54~1.21)0.3000.85(0.55~1.31)0.4001.04(0.62~1.74)0.900
Q30.43(0.33~0.55)<0.0010.50(0.37~0.66)<0.0010.61(0.44~0.85)0.007
Q40.38(0.27~0.52)<0.0010.51(0.35~0.74)0.0010.60(0.39~0.94)0.029
P趋势值<0.001<0.0010.005
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基于NHANES数据的C反应蛋白-白蛋白-淋巴细胞指数与慢性阻塞性肺疾病关联的横断面研究
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阮敬淇 1 , 毕玉磊 1 , 赵丽杰 2 , 李诗畅 1 , 杨欢 1 , 段明靖 1 , 徐扬 1 , 孙嫚丽 1
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2025,52(22): 4215-4221
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现代预防医学 |临床与预防 2025 , 52 (22) : 4215 -4221
基于NHANES数据的C反应蛋白-白蛋白-淋巴细胞指数与慢性阻塞性肺疾病关联的横断面研究
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阮敬淇1, 毕玉磊1, 赵丽杰2, 李诗畅1, 杨欢1, 段明靖1, 徐扬1, 孙嫚丽1
作者信息
  • 1.黑龙江省第二医院药物临床试验中心,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150008
  • 2.哈尔滨市南岗区跃进社区卫生服务中心
通讯作者:
孙嫚丽,E-mail:
作者简介:

阮敬淇(1996—),女,硕士,主治医师,研究方向:公共卫生

A Cross-sectional study on the association between the C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on NHANES data
Jing-qi RUAN1, Yu-lei BI1, Li-jie ZHAO2, Shi-chang LI1, Huan YANG1, Ming-jing DUAN1, Yang XU1, Man-li SUN1
Affiliations
  • Department of Drug Clinical Trials Center, the Second Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150008, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506364
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目的

探究C反应蛋白-白蛋白-淋巴细胞(CALLY)指数与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)之间的相关性。

方法

基于美国国家营养与健康调查(NHANES)数据库2015—2020年3月两个周期的数据,利用多因素logistic回归、亚组分析和限制性立方样条分析Log2CALLY与COPD的关系。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析评估Log2CALLY对COPD风险的预测效能。

结果

本研究共纳入研究对象7 186名,817人(10.89%)患有COPD。多因素logistic回归显示,与最低四分位数组相比,最高四分位数组中COPD的患病率减少40%(OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.39~0.94,P=0.029)。限制性立方样条结果证实,Log2CALLY指数与COPD呈线性负相关。年龄、性别、身体质量指数、吸烟和饮酒状况、高血压、糖尿病、哮喘和心血管疾病与Log2CALLY之间没有显著的交互作用(P>0.05)。ROC曲线显示,经完全调整后,Log2CALLY预测COPD风险的曲线下面积为0.83。

结论

CALLY指数与COPD患病风险呈线性负相关,提示CALLY指数可能作为复合生物标志物,用于COPD的早期风险预警。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病  /  CALLY指数  /  炎症指标  /  NHANES
Objective

To investigate the correlation between the C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte(CALLY)index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).

Methods

Using data from two cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)in the United States from 2015 to March 2020, we conducted multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and restricted cubic spline analysis to explore the relationship between Log2CALLY and COPD. The predictive accuracy of Log2CALLY for COPD risk was assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.

Results

A total of 7 186 participants were included in this study, of whom 817(10.89%)had COPD. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the prevalence of COPD in the highest quartile group was 40% lower compared to the lowest quartile group(OR=0.60, 95% CI:0.39-0.94, P=0.029). Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a linear negative correlation between Log2CALLY and COPD(Pnon-linear=0.74). No significant interactions were observed between age, gender, body mass index, smoking and drinking status, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular disease, and Log2CALLY(P>0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that after full adjustment, the area under the curve(AUC)for Log2CALLY in predicting COPD risk was 0.83.

Conclusion

The CALLY index is linearly negatively correlated with the risk of COPD, indicating its potential as a composite biomarker for early risk prediction of COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  /  CALLY index  /  Inflammatory markers  /  NHANES
阮敬淇, 毕玉磊, 赵丽杰, 李诗畅, 杨欢, 段明靖, 徐扬, 孙嫚丽. 基于NHANES数据的C反应蛋白-白蛋白-淋巴细胞指数与慢性阻塞性肺疾病关联的横断面研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4215 -4221 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506364
Jing-qi RUAN, Yu-lei BI, Li-jie ZHAO, Shi-chang LI, Huan YANG, Ming-jing DUAN, Yang XU, Man-li SUN. A Cross-sectional study on the association between the C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on NHANES data[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4215 -4221 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506364
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD),是我国及全球范围内一项重大的公共卫生挑战。该疾病以持续性气流受限为特征,并伴随呼吸系统症状,包括呼吸困难、咳嗽和咳痰[1]。目前,COPD已成为全球第三位主要死因,仅次于卒中和缺血性心脏病,导致约104万人死亡[2]。流行病学预测显示,至2025年,全球COPD患病人数将接近6亿,且25岁及以上人群病例数预计将增长23%[3]。COPD不仅显著制约我国居民期望寿命的提升,其复杂的病理生理机制和显著的临床异质性更对疾病的精准诊断与预后评估构成严峻挑战。识别有效的生物标志物有望辅助甄别COPD患者中急性加重高风险人群,对优化COPD管理策略具有重要价值[4]。
C反应蛋白-白蛋白-淋巴细胞指数(C-reactive protein-albumin-lymphocyte, CALLY)是一种综合反映机体炎症和免疫状态的多因素指标,其计算整合了C反应蛋白、血清白蛋白和淋巴细胞计数水平。既往研究已证实CALLY指数可作为哮喘、非小细胞肺癌等多种呼吸系统疾病的生物标志物[5-7]。此外,研究表明[8],该指数与美国COPD患者的全因死亡率存在显著相关性。然而,该研究所采用的数据时效性有限,难以准确反映当前临床实际状况。本研究基于2015—2020年3月美国国家健康与营养检查调查(National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, NHANES)数据,旨在探究CALLY指数与COPD之间的关联性,以期为此后的临床研究及实践提供参考。
本研究所用数据全部来源于美国NHANES数据库,初始纳入参与者25 531名。排除年龄小于40岁者(n=15 332)、COPD数据缺失者(n=15)、CALLY指数缺失者(n=1 334)及协变量数据缺失者(n=1 664)。最终纳入符合条件的研究对象7 186名。具体筛选流程详见图1。
CALLY指数计算公式为:[白蛋白浓度(g/L)]×[淋巴细胞计数(109/L)]/[C反应蛋白(mg/L)×10][9]。由于其高灵敏度特性,本研究选用高灵敏度C反应蛋白(High sensitivity C-reactive protein, HSCRP)进行研究。采用 Beckman Coulter 血液分析仪进行全血细胞计数。HSCRP最低检测限分别为0.15 mg/L(2015—2016年)和0.11 mg/L(2017—2020年3月)。当测量值低于最低检测限时,HSCRP计算公式:
COPD定义:研究对象需满足以下任一标准:自我报告曾被医生或其他医疗专业人员诊断为COPD、慢性支气管炎或肺气肿。本研究纳入的协变量包括年龄、性别、种族、教育程度、婚姻状况、贫困收入比(poverty income ratio, PIR)、身体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、高血压、糖尿病、哮喘和心血管疾病。吸烟状况包括从不吸烟者(终生吸烟量<100支)、既往吸烟者(终生吸烟量≥100支但当前不吸烟)和当前吸烟者(终生吸烟量≥100支且当前持续或偶尔吸烟)。心血管疾病定义:研究对象需满足以下任一标准:自我报告曾被医生或其他医疗专业人员诊断为充血性心力衰竭、冠状动脉心脏病、心绞痛、心肌梗死或中风。高血压定义:收缩压≥130 mmHg或舒张压≥80 mmHg,或有医生告知患有高血压。糖尿病纳入标准:研究对象需符合以下至少一项标准:(1)自我报告的糖尿病诊断;(2)正在使用降糖药物或胰岛素;(3)糖化血红蛋白≥6.5%;(4)空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L。
NHANES数据库2015—2020年数据均代入调查年份权重计算。符合正态分布的连续变量用均数±标准差()表示,偏态分布的连续变量用中位数[M(P25,P75)]表示,组间比较采用t检验或Kruskal-Wallis检验。分类变量以频数和百分比表示,组间比较采用Rao-Scott卡方检验。鉴于CALLY指数呈偏态分布,分析前对其进行对数转换,并按照四分位数进行分组,以第一四分位数(Q1)作为参照组。为探究Log2CALLY与COPD的相关性,构建了3组多因素logistic回归模型:模型1(未调整)、模型2(调整性别、年龄、种族、教育程度、婚姻状况、PIR、BMI、吸烟和饮酒状况)和模型3(进一步调整了红细胞、白细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、高血压、糖尿病、哮喘和心血管疾病),结果以比值比(odds ratio, OR)及其95%置信区间(confidence interval, CI)形式表示。利用加权限制性立方样条(restricted cubic splines, RCS)评估Log2CALLY与COPD之间的非线性关系。通过亚组分析检验Log2CALLY与COPD关系在特定人群中的潜在差异。此外,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic, ROC),计算曲线下面积(Area Under the Curve, AUC),以评估并比较不同模型中Log2CALLY指数对COPD风险的预测效能。所有统计分析使用R软件(4.5.0)完成,检验水准α=0.05。
研究共纳入研究对象7 186例,其中男性3 550例(47.48%),女性3 636例(52.52%),平均年龄(58.65±11.48)岁。依据是否发生COPD,将研究对象分为COPD组(n=817)和非COPD组(n=6 369)。与非COPD患者相比,COPD患者通常年龄较大,非西班牙裔白人、单身、肥胖、既往/当前吸烟者患病风险更高(P<0.05)。见表1。
Log2CALLY作为连续变量时,Log2CALLY每增加一个单位,COPD患病率就降低25%(模型3:OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.65~0.86)。当Log2CALLY为分类变量时,模型3研究结果显示,与最低四分位数组(Q1)相比,最高四分位数组(Q4)COPD的患病率降低了40%(OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.39~0.94)。这表明较高的Log2CALLY与COPD患病风险降低有关,COPD患病风险随着Log2CALLY等级增加而降低(P趋势=0.005)。见表2。
本研究根据不同协变量进行了亚组分析和交互作用分析。结果显示,年龄≥60岁、男性、肥胖、从不吸烟、不饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、哮喘和心血管疾病的子群体中,Log2CALLY与COPD的负相关性更为显著(P<0.05)。交互作用分析均未发现亚组协变量与COPD存在交互作用(P>0.05)。见图2。
使用RCS建模分析Log2CALLY与COPD的剂量—反应关系,调整所有协变量后,结果显示Log2CALLY与COPD呈线性负相关。见图3。
采用ROC分析评估Log2CALLY对COPD的预测能力。结果显示,经年龄调整后的AUC值为0.65(95% CI: 0.63~0.67),见图4A。调整协变量后,AUC值为0.83(95% CI: 0.81~0.85),见图4B。
COPD其高发病率与高死亡率构成了重大的全球疾病负担和经济负担,到2050年,COPD导致的全球直接成本预计累计为24.35万亿美元,间接成本估计累计为15.43万亿美元[10]。慢性炎症在COPD的发病机制中扮演重要角色,主要累及肺实质和周围气道,导致持续性呼吸道症状和不可逆的进行性气流受限。COPD患者常伴随全身性炎症反应,表现为C反应蛋白、白细胞介素和肿瘤坏死因子等炎症标志物水平升高或细胞计数异常[11]。目前,诊断COPD的肺功能检查标准仍为使用支气管舒张剂后第一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量<0.7,然而此固定比值可能会导致老年人的过度诊断,以及约1%的年轻人诊断不足[12-13]。此外,种族差异、合并症干扰及实施壁垒,也难以满足COPD早期筛查和精准分层的需求[14]。因此,探寻简便的COPD早期筛查生物标志物,对于该病的评估、管理和治疗至关重要。
CALLY指数整合了血清白蛋白、淋巴细胞计数和C反应蛋白,是能够综合评估个体营养状态、免疫功能及炎症程度的复合性指标。C反应蛋白作为非特异性炎症标志物,其水平升高可加速气道损伤,并与肺功能降低、气道炎症加剧和COPD住院风险增加相关,是临床监测呼吸系统疾病炎症进程的关键指标[15-17]。血清白蛋白是CALLY指数的另一个重要组成部分,研究表明,COPD稳定期患者的血清白蛋白浓度显著低于非COPD对照组[18]。低白蛋白水平可能加剧COPD患者的系统性炎症和氧化应激并破坏能量代谢,增加气道上皮细胞凋亡,驱动气道重塑。淋巴细胞,尤其是CD4+ T细胞减少与急性COPD急性加重有关,可能协同加重COPD的气道炎症[19]。鉴于这三种成分在COPD病理生理中的作用,CALLY指数可同时评估炎症状态(C反应蛋白)、营养状态(白蛋白)和免疫功能(淋巴细胞),从而全面评估COPD风险。然而,关于CALLY指数与COPD风险之间关系的研究仍然有限。因此,本研究基于NHANES数据库2015—2018和2017—2020/03两个周期的数据,旨在探讨CALLY指数与COPD风险之间的关系,为COPD的早期预测提供新思路。
多因素logistic回归和RCS分析表明,在美国40岁以上人群中,经对数转换后的CALLY指数(Log2CALLY)与COPD患病风险呈显著负相关,该关联在校正多种混杂因素后依然稳健,提示Log2CALLY可作为COPD风险的独立预测指标。亚组分析进一步揭示,Log2CALLY与COPD的负相关性在60岁及以上、男性、肥胖、从不吸烟、不饮酒及共病(高血压、糖尿病、哮喘、心血管疾病)人群中更为显著。既往流行病学研究表明[20],男性COPD的发病率显著高于女性,这种性别差异可能源自两方面原因:一是男性和女性在呼吸道解剖结构上的固有差异,二是男性在工作环境中接触粉尘和有害气体的概率更高。此外,全球范围内约50%的COPD病例归因于非烟草相关危险因素,包括空气污染、职业暴露、哮喘控制不良、环境烟草烟雾、传染病和社会经济地位低下。不吸烟者COPD发病的潜在机制可能与炎症、氧化应激、气道重塑和肺加速老化相关[21]。此外,NF-κB信号通路的病理性激活在肥胖及相关共病发展中发挥关键作用,该通路的持续活化可显著促进肿瘤坏死因子、白介素-6等促炎细胞因子的过度表达,继而引发包括血管内皮功能障碍、氧化应激增强和胰岛素抵抗等一系列病理生理改变[22]。这些改变与COPD固有的慢性炎症反应产生协同效应,形成炎症级联放大现象,最终导致疾病进展加速和临床预后恶化。年龄校正后,ROC曲线分析显示Log2CALLY预测COPD的AUC值为0.65,进一步校正其他协变量后AUC值提升至0.83,提示联合传统危险因素与新型炎症标志物(CALLY)可能更有效地识别COPD群体。
本研究存在若干局限性。一是尽管本研究对部分混杂因素进行了调整,但环境暴露(如长期空气污染和职业粉尘接触)和个体遗传易感性可能同时影响COPD的进展和炎症标志物的水平,此类混杂因素及其可能的交互作用,可能对观察到的CALLY指数与COPD的关联构成干扰。二是样本存在局限性,研究对象仅聚焦美国中老年人群,未在国内人群中验证,导致研究结果的普适性受限。三是COPD诊断依赖于自我报告的问卷,缺少肺功能检查或其他客观测量数据,可能影响诊断的准确性。最后,本研究是横断面调查研究,因果关系可能欠明确。鉴于以上局限性,故下一步研究可通过设计严谨、规模更大的前瞻性队列,结合客观的肺功能检测数据,并拓展研究范围至不同人群,从而更全面地评估CALLY指数随时间的动态变化及其对COPD风险的预测价值。
综上所述,CALLY指数与COPD患病风险呈线性负相关,在校正混杂因素和不同亚组后,这种关系仍然稳健。结果表明,CALLY指数可以作为COPD的早期风险预警的生物标志物。然而,其临床应用潜力尚需在更广泛、更多样化的人群中验证。
  • 黑龙江省属科研院所科研业务项目(CZKYF2025-1-B045)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506364
  • 接收时间:2025-06-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-23
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黑龙江省属科研院所科研业务项目(CZKYF2025-1-B045)
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    1.黑龙江省第二医院药物临床试验中心,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150008
    2.哈尔滨市南岗区跃进社区卫生服务中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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