Article(id=1322609150392120003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506222, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749744000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793264194342, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793264194342, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793264194342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793264194342, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322609030938346427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793264165863, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264299902, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4150, endPage=4155, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322609150593446596, articleId=1322609150392120003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The impact of perceived social support on college students’ well-being: moderating effects of gender and education level, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the impact of college students’ perceived social support on their well-being, and investigate the moderating effects of gender and educational level on this relationship.

Methods

An investigation was conducted on 10 726 college students from eight ordinary institutions of higher education in Shandong Province, using the method of stratified cluster random sampling. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the impact of perceived social support on college students’ well-being.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed in college students’ subjective well-being across variables including education level, academic year, major, and whether they came from single-parent families(P<0.05). Perceived social support exerted a positive influence on the level of college students’ subjective well-being(P<0.05). Furthermore, the moderating effects of gender(β=0.045, 95% CI [0.021, 0.069], P<0.01)and education level(β=-0.050, 95% CI [-0.070, -0.030], P<0.01)on the relationship between perceived social support and college students’ subjective well-being were found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion

It is recommended to establish a comprehensive network of perceived social support and propose targeted measures for different gender and educational level groups to enhance college students’ well-being.

, authors=Yi-xiao WANG1, Meng-yao CHAI1, Jia-qi SHI1, Bing-yi WU1, Ting-ting XU2, Jun LIU1, authorsList=Yi-xiao WANG, Meng-yao CHAI, Jia-qi SHI, Bing-yi WU, Ting-ting XU, Jun LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ting-ting XU, Jun LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322609153332327115, articleId=1322609150392120003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=领悟社会支持对大学生幸福感的影响研究:基于性别和学历的调节效应, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索大学生领悟社会支持对其幸福感的影响,考察性别和学历层次对上述关系的调节效应。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对山东省八所普通高等学校10 726名在校大学生进行调查。运用描述性统计分析、单因素分析和多元线性回归模型分析领悟社会支持对大学生幸福感的影响。

结果

大学生幸福感在学历层次、年级、专业、是否单亲家庭上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);领悟社会支持正向影响大学生幸福感水平(P<0.05);性别(β=0.045,95% CI:0.021~0.069,P<0.01)和学历层次(β=-0.050,95% CI:-0.070~-0.030,P<0.01)在领悟社会支持对大学生幸福感的影响中存在调节效应。

结论

应建立健全的领悟社会支持网络,针对不同性别和学历层次的大学生群体提出对应措施,以促进大学生幸福感的提升。

, authors=王一笑1, 柴梦瑶1, 石佳奇1, 吴炳义1, 许婷婷2, 刘军1, authorsList=王一笑, 柴梦瑶, 石佳奇, 吴炳义, 许婷婷, 刘军, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=许婷婷, 刘军, authorNote=

王一笑(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:行政管理,社会保障

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘军和许婷婷为共同通信作者。刘军,E-mail:;
许婷婷,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=+WmyXlePhLuCqem+Jmoqcw==, magXml=6uuPTFv7OrmcoeQgT8EvRA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=sSFa614FpqW7JG0kBwIypw==, pdfFileSize=682104, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=EFLv8iBIbk6j42enLEqIzA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322609153881780946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322609154015998676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, authorId=1322609153881780946, language=EN, stringName=Yi-xiao WANG, firstName=Yi-xiao, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322609154166993621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, authorId=1322609153881780946, language=CN, stringName=王一笑, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053, bio={"content":"

王一笑(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:行政管理,社会保障

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Wuxi: Jiangnan University, 2017.(In Chinese), articleTitle=The relation between self-supporting personality and self-perceived employ ability of vocational college students: The dual mediation effects, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322609159292433149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, awardId=2023YB093, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省教育科学“十四五”规划课题(2023YB093), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322609159351153406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, awardId=23JDSZ3163, language=CN, fundingSource=教育部人文社科研究专项(23JDSZ3163), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322609159414067967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, awardId=2024CDPFHS-21, language=CN, fundingSource=中国残联课题(2024CDPFHS-21), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322609153579791052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609153588179661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, companyId=1322609153579791052, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609153596568270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, companyId=1322609153579791052, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322609153806283471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609153814672080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, companyId=1322609153806283471, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322609158776533751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of well-being scores of college students with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量频数(%)得分()F/t值P值
性别-0.270.791
男5 982(55.8)59.65±12.49
女4 744(44.2)59.71±11.25
学历层次5.67<0.001
本科4 782(44.6)60.39±10.93
专科5 944(55.4)59.10±12.70
年级15.10<0.001
大一6 481(60.4)59.09±12.01
大二2 718(25.3)59.95±12.37
大三710(6.6)61.75±10.55
大四680(6.3)61.59±10.63
大五137(1.3)61.84±11.33
专业6.39<0.001
医科1 840(17.2)60.48±11.02
理科905(8.4)58.28±12.11
工科2 634(24.6)59.99±11.61
人文社科2 195(20.5)59.23±11.94
其他3 152(29.4)59.67±12.67
生源地-1.860.063
农村7 951(74.1)59.55±12.00
城市2 775(25.9)60.04±11.82
是否单亲家庭-4.38<0.001
是815(7.6)57.78±13.00
否9 911(92.4)59.84±11.85
), ArticleFig(id=1322609158856225528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征大学生幸福感得分的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量频数(%)得分()F/t值P值
性别-0.270.791
男5 982(55.8)59.65±12.49
女4 744(44.2)59.71±11.25
学历层次5.67<0.001
本科4 782(44.6)60.39±10.93
专科5 944(55.4)59.10±12.70
年级15.10<0.001
大一6 481(60.4)59.09±12.01
大二2 718(25.3)59.95±12.37
大三710(6.6)61.75±10.55
大四680(6.3)61.59±10.63
大五137(1.3)61.84±11.33
专业6.39<0.001
医科1 840(17.2)60.48±11.02
理科905(8.4)58.28±12.11
工科2 634(24.6)59.99±11.61
人文社科2 195(20.5)59.23±11.94
其他3 152(29.4)59.67±12.67
生源地-1.860.063
农村7 951(74.1)59.55±12.00
城市2 775(25.9)60.04±11.82
是否单亲家庭-4.38<0.001
是815(7.6)57.78±13.00
否9 911(92.4)59.84±11.85
), ArticleFig(id=1322609158927528697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variable assignments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
性别女=0,男=1
学制层次专科=0,本科=1
年级大一=0,大二=1,大三=2,大四=3,大五=4
专业其他=0,医科=1,理科=2,工科=3,人文社科=4
生源地城市=0,农村=1
是否单亲家庭非单亲=0,单亲=1
领悟社会支持“完全不符合”=1,“很不符合”=2,“基本符合”“=3,很符合”=4,“完全符合”=5
幸福感“从未”=1,“一次或两次”=2,“每周一次”=3,“每周两次或三次”=4,“几乎每天”=5
), ArticleFig(id=1322609158990443258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
性别女=0,男=1
学制层次专科=0,本科=1
年级大一=0,大二=1,大三=2,大四=3,大五=4
专业其他=0,医科=1,理科=2,工科=3,人文社科=4
生源地城市=0,农村=1
是否单亲家庭非单亲=0,单亲=1
领悟社会支持“完全不符合”=1,“很不符合”=2,“基本符合”“=3,很符合”=4,“完全符合”=5
幸福感“从未”=1,“一次或两次”=2,“每周一次”=3,“每周两次或三次”=4,“几乎每天”=5
), ArticleFig(id=1322609159057552123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of multiple linear regression on college students’ well-being(n=10 726)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类模型1模型2
β(95% CI)S.EP值β(95% CI)S.EP值
性别(参照组:女性)男性0.005(-0.016~0.026)0.0110.640-0.038(-0.054~-0.022)0.008<0.001
学历层次(参照组:专科)本科0.052(0.028~0.076)0.012<0.0010.035(0.016~0.054)0.010<0.001
年级(参照组:大一)大二0.035(0.016~0.054)0.010<0.0010.014(-0.002~0.030)0.0080.083
大三0.051(0.032~0.070)0.010<0.0010.024(0.009~0.039)0.0080.002
大四0.043(0.022~0.064)0.011<0.0010.017(0.001~0.033)0.0080.039
大五0.023(0.003~0.043)0.0100.023-0.002(-0.016~0.012)0.0070.777
专业(参照组:其他)医科-0.031(-0.059~-0.003)0.0140.031-0.028(-0.050~-0.006)0.0110.012
理科-0.044(-0.065~-0.023)0.011<0.001-0.023(-0.039~-0.007)0.0080.006
工科-0.008(-0.032~0.016)0.0120.5120.004(-0.014~0.022)0.0090.671
人文社科-0.031(-0.054~-0.008)0.0120.009-0.031(-0.049~-0.013)0.009<0.001
生源地(参照组:城市)农村-0.090(-0.028~0.010)0.0100.3590.027(0.012~0.042)0.008<0.001
是否单亲家庭(参照组:非单亲)单亲-0.046(-0.065~-0.027)0.010<0.001-0.007(-0.022~0.008)0.0080.366
领悟社会支持0.619(0.605~0.634)0.008<0.001
领悟社会支持×性别
领悟社会支持×学历层次
Adj-R20.0100.386
变量分类模型3
β(95% CI)S.EP值
性别(参照组:女性)男性-0.037(-0.053~-0.021)0.008<0.001
学历层次(参照组:专科)本科0.034(0.015~0.053)0.010<0.001
年级(参照组:大一)大二0.013(-0.003~0.029)0.0080.103
大三0.022(0.007~0.037)0.0080.005
大四0.019(0.003~0.035)0.0080.022
大五0.000(-0.016~0.016)0.0080.995
专业(参照组:其他)医科-0.026(-0.048~-0.004)0.0110.019
理科-0.022(-0.038~-0.006)0.0080.008
工科0.006(-0.011~0.023)0.0090.500
人文社科-0.029(-0.047~-0.011)0.0090.002
生源地(参照组:城市)农村0.027(0.012~0.042)0.008<0.001
是否单亲家庭(参照组:非单亲)单亲-0.007(-0.022~0.008)0.0080.350
领悟社会支持0.616(0.587~0.645)0.015<0.001
领悟社会支持×性别0.045(0.021~0.069)0.013<0.001
领悟社会支持×学历层次-0.050(-0.070~-0.030)0.010<0.001
Adj-R20.389
), ArticleFig(id=1322609159187575548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609150392120003, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

大学生幸福感的多元线性回归结果(n=10 726)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类模型1模型2
β(95% CI)S.EP值β(95% CI)S.EP值
性别(参照组:女性)男性0.005(-0.016~0.026)0.0110.640-0.038(-0.054~-0.022)0.008<0.001
学历层次(参照组:专科)本科0.052(0.028~0.076)0.012<0.0010.035(0.016~0.054)0.010<0.001
年级(参照组:大一)大二0.035(0.016~0.054)0.010<0.0010.014(-0.002~0.030)0.0080.083
大三0.051(0.032~0.070)0.010<0.0010.024(0.009~0.039)0.0080.002
大四0.043(0.022~0.064)0.011<0.0010.017(0.001~0.033)0.0080.039
大五0.023(0.003~0.043)0.0100.023-0.002(-0.016~0.012)0.0070.777
专业(参照组:其他)医科-0.031(-0.059~-0.003)0.0140.031-0.028(-0.050~-0.006)0.0110.012
理科-0.044(-0.065~-0.023)0.011<0.001-0.023(-0.039~-0.007)0.0080.006
工科-0.008(-0.032~0.016)0.0120.5120.004(-0.014~0.022)0.0090.671
人文社科-0.031(-0.054~-0.008)0.0120.009-0.031(-0.049~-0.013)0.009<0.001
生源地(参照组:城市)农村-0.090(-0.028~0.010)0.0100.3590.027(0.012~0.042)0.008<0.001
是否单亲家庭(参照组:非单亲)单亲-0.046(-0.065~-0.027)0.010<0.001-0.007(-0.022~0.008)0.0080.366
领悟社会支持0.619(0.605~0.634)0.008<0.001
领悟社会支持×性别
领悟社会支持×学历层次
Adj-R20.0100.386
变量分类模型3
β(95% CI)S.EP值
性别(参照组:女性)男性-0.037(-0.053~-0.021)0.008<0.001
学历层次(参照组:专科)本科0.034(0.015~0.053)0.010<0.001
年级(参照组:大一)大二0.013(-0.003~0.029)0.0080.103
大三0.022(0.007~0.037)0.0080.005
大四0.019(0.003~0.035)0.0080.022
大五0.000(-0.016~0.016)0.0080.995
专业(参照组:其他)医科-0.026(-0.048~-0.004)0.0110.019
理科-0.022(-0.038~-0.006)0.0080.008
工科0.006(-0.011~0.023)0.0090.500
人文社科-0.029(-0.047~-0.011)0.0090.002
生源地(参照组:城市)农村0.027(0.012~0.042)0.008<0.001
是否单亲家庭(参照组:非单亲)单亲-0.007(-0.022~0.008)0.0080.350
领悟社会支持0.616(0.587~0.645)0.015<0.001
领悟社会支持×性别0.045(0.021~0.069)0.013<0.001
领悟社会支持×学历层次-0.050(-0.070~-0.030)0.010<0.001
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领悟社会支持对大学生幸福感的影响研究:基于性别和学历的调节效应
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王一笑 1 , 柴梦瑶 1 , 石佳奇 1 , 吴炳义 1 , 许婷婷 2 , 刘军 1
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(22): 4150-4155
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2025 , 52 (22) : 4150 -4155
领悟社会支持对大学生幸福感的影响研究:基于性别和学历的调节效应
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王一笑1, 柴梦瑶1, 石佳奇1, 吴炳义1, 许婷婷2 , 刘军1
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院
通讯作者:
刘军和许婷婷为共同通信作者。刘军,E-mail:;
许婷婷,E-mail:
作者简介:

王一笑(1995—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:行政管理,社会保障

The impact of perceived social support on college students’ well-being: moderating effects of gender and education level
Yi-xiao WANG1, Meng-yao CHAI1, Jia-qi SHI1, Bing-yi WU1, Ting-ting XU2 , Jun LIU1
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506222
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目的

探索大学生领悟社会支持对其幸福感的影响,考察性别和学历层次对上述关系的调节效应。

方法

采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对山东省八所普通高等学校10 726名在校大学生进行调查。运用描述性统计分析、单因素分析和多元线性回归模型分析领悟社会支持对大学生幸福感的影响。

结果

大学生幸福感在学历层次、年级、专业、是否单亲家庭上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);领悟社会支持正向影响大学生幸福感水平(P<0.05);性别(β=0.045,95% CI:0.021~0.069,P<0.01)和学历层次(β=-0.050,95% CI:-0.070~-0.030,P<0.01)在领悟社会支持对大学生幸福感的影响中存在调节效应。

结论

应建立健全的领悟社会支持网络,针对不同性别和学历层次的大学生群体提出对应措施,以促进大学生幸福感的提升。

领悟社会支持  /  幸福感  /  大学生  /  调节效应
Objective

To explore the impact of college students’ perceived social support on their well-being, and investigate the moderating effects of gender and educational level on this relationship.

Methods

An investigation was conducted on 10 726 college students from eight ordinary institutions of higher education in Shandong Province, using the method of stratified cluster random sampling. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the impact of perceived social support on college students’ well-being.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed in college students’ subjective well-being across variables including education level, academic year, major, and whether they came from single-parent families(P<0.05). Perceived social support exerted a positive influence on the level of college students’ subjective well-being(P<0.05). Furthermore, the moderating effects of gender(β=0.045, 95% CI [0.021, 0.069], P<0.01)and education level(β=-0.050, 95% CI [-0.070, -0.030], P<0.01)on the relationship between perceived social support and college students’ subjective well-being were found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion

It is recommended to establish a comprehensive network of perceived social support and propose targeted measures for different gender and educational level groups to enhance college students’ well-being.

Perceived ssocial support  /  Well-being  /  College students  /  Moderating effects
王一笑, 柴梦瑶, 石佳奇, 吴炳义, 许婷婷, 刘军. 领悟社会支持对大学生幸福感的影响研究:基于性别和学历的调节效应. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4150 -4155 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506222
Yi-xiao WANG, Meng-yao CHAI, Jia-qi SHI, Bing-yi WU, Ting-ting XU, Jun LIU. The impact of perceived social support on college students’ well-being: moderating effects of gender and education level[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4150 -4155 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506222
大学生是国家发展和科技创新的关键力量,其心理健康状况的重要性不言而喻。近年来,国民心理健康意识普遍增强,大学生心理健康的整体水平逐年提高[1]。然而,高校大学生作为社会中的特殊群体,突发性心理危机事件频频发生,各类心理障碍的检出率居高不下[2]。根据调查,全球范围内有三成左右的青少年存在持续性焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪风险[3]。《中国国民心理健康发展报告(2023-2024)》[4]显示,我国大学生焦虑问题和抑郁问题的检出率分别为44.63%和18.69%,18-24岁是焦虑风险、抑郁风险、强迫症状的峰值区间。大学生逐渐成为心理问题的高发人群,但获得有效心理干预的学生相对较少[5]。世界卫生组织发布的《世界精神卫生报告(2022)》指出,“青少年期是个体精神卫生的脆弱期和机遇期,恰当的照顾和支持性环境可以极大地保护个体未来的精神卫生”[6]。在此背景下,探索大学生心理健康的影响机制具有重要的现实意义。
幸福感是衡量心理健康水平的重要维度,主导心理健康的发展方向[7]。领悟社会支持是个体主观感受到的社会支持,与心理健康水平之间存在正相关关系[8],对大学生心理健康具有积极影响[9]。领悟社会支持对大学生心理健康的影响机制研究相对丰富[10-11],但仍存在一些不足。例如,很多研究的样本仅限于某一高校,样本量较小,缺乏代表性;研究主要集中在中介效应的探讨上,结果有意义但无法提供高效的应对策略;对于调节效应的研究多未涉及人口学变量,这可能限制了政策制定的针对性。此外,尽管已有研究[12]得出了“女性感知到的社会支持显著高于男性”的结论,学历层次作为教育背景的重要指标也可能对大学生幸福感产生影响,但性别和学历层次作为影响大学生心理健康的重要变量,在领悟社会支持对幸福感的影响中是否存在调节效应还是未知,因此将其纳入调节变量有助于更全面地探讨其作用机制。
基于此,本研究将探索当前大学生领悟社会支持对其幸福感水平的影响效应,并分析性别、学历层次在其中所发挥的调节作用,旨在为教育部门及高校制定兼顾群体差异的大学生心理健康促进策略提供科学依据。
本研究通过分层整群随机抽样的方法,按照山东省的地理位置分层,分别从山东省东部(4所)、中部(2所)、西部(2所),抽取山东省8所普通高等学校在校大学生作为研究对象。通过问卷星软件,以线上发放的形式开展自填式问卷调查。问卷共发放11 500份,得到有效问卷10 726份,有效率93.27%。本研究已通过山东第二医科大学伦理委员会审查批准(2025YX171),调查前学生均充分了解调查目的和研究内容,在知情、同意、自愿的原则下匿名填写此次调查问卷。
本次使用的调查问卷的内容主要包括在校大学生的一般资料、幸福感水平评估及领悟社会支持程度评估三部分。
该部分内容为在校大学生的性别、学历层次、年级、专业、生源地、是否为单亲家庭。其中,性别(男/女)、学历层次(专科/本科)、生源地(城市/农村)、是否为单亲家庭(是/否)为二分类选项条目,年级(大一/大二/大三/大四/大五)和专业(医科/理科/工科/人文社科/其他)为多分类选项条目。
采用的量表为Keyes编制的《简版心理健康连续体量表》[13],用于评估幸福感水平。包括14个条目,每个条目按0(从未)~5(每天)进行6级评分,每个条目可选选项的赋分低到高依次为“从未”“一次或两次”“每周一次”“每周两次或三次”“几乎每天”“每天”,总分为70分。心理健康连续体量表得分越高,表明幸福感水平越高。考虑到认知差异,为避免理解偏差对结果产生的影响,本研究将“几乎每天”“每天”合并为“几乎每天”,每个条目按1(从未)~5(几乎每天)进行5级评分。在本研究中,该部分的Cronbach α系数为0.958,效度检验KMO值为0.963,球形检验P<0.001,信效度较好。
采用的量表为Zimet等编制,姜乾金引入并修订的《领悟社会支持量表》[14],用于测量领悟社会支持程度,评估个体对社会支持的感受。量表分为家庭内维度和家庭外维度,包括12个条目,每个条目按1(完全不符合)~5(完全符合)进行5级评分,从低到高依次为“完全不符合”“很不符合”“基本符合”“很符合”“完全符合”,总分60分。得分越高,反映个体感受到的社会支持总程度越高。本研究中,该部分的Cronbach α系数为0.969,效度检验KMO值为0.960,球形检验P<0.001,信效度较好。
本研究使用SPSS 27.0软件进行数据分析,采用频数(n)、构成比(%)和均数±标准差()进行描述统计,并通过独立样本t检验和单因素方差分析检验不同人口学特征下大学生幸福感得分的差异。采用Hayes编制的SPSS宏中的PROCESS 4.0构建调节效应模型[15],运用多元线性回归模型分析性别和学历层次对幸福感的交互作用。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究抽取山东省8所高校的10 726名大学生作为调查对象,对象涵盖了本科及专科院校大学生,包含医科、理科、工科、人文社科等专业类别。在性别构成上,男性为5 982人,女性为4 744人,男女比例相对均衡,男性占比较高。从学历层次来看,本科生4 782人,专科生5 944人,两者比例接近1:1。年级分布呈现低年级学生较为集中的特征,其中大一学生6 481人,大二学生2 718人,分别占比60.42%,25.34%。在专业分类方面,五种专业类型占比由高到低排序依次为,其他专业29.39%,工科类专业24.56%,人文社科类专业20.46%,医科类专业大学生17.15%,理科类专业大学生8.44%。四分之三的大学生来自农村。家庭结构方面,来自单亲家庭大学生815人,占比不到一成。详见表1。
单因素分析结果显示,大学生幸福感在学历层次、年级、专业、是否单亲家庭上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。详见表1。
本研究以大学生幸福感得分为因变量,领悟社会支持得分为自变量,以性别、学历层次、年级、专业、生源地、是否单亲家庭这6个变量作为控制变量,同时将领悟社会支持与性别、学历层次分别建立的2个交互项一并纳入模型,进行多元线性回归分析。具体变量赋值见表2。
回归结果的共线性诊断显示,各变量最小容差为0.261>0.1,符合标准;最大方差膨胀因子(VIF)为3.836,符合小于5的标准,D-W统计量(德宾-沃森)值为2.003,说明模型不存在自相关性,观测值相互独立的可能性较大,回归模型具有统计学意义。
大学生幸福感影响因素的回归分析结果如表3所示。为避免调节变量与交互项之间出现多重共线性问题,本研究对领悟社会支持得分进行了中心化处理。其中,模型1包含所有的控制变量,即将性别、学历层次、年级、专业、生源地、是否单亲家庭这6个变量作为控制变量纳入回归模型。模型2在模型1的基础上加入了自变量领悟社会支持,结果显示,领悟社会支持对大学生幸福感存在正向影响(β=0.619,P<0.01)。模型3在模型2的基础上,引入了性别、学历层次与领悟社会支持的交互项。结果显示,领悟社会支持的回归系数仍然显著为正(β=0.616,P<0.01)。领悟社会支持与性别交互项的系数显著为正(β=0.045,P<0.01),即男性大学生群体的领悟社会支持对幸福感的正向影响比女性大学生群体大。领悟社会支持与学历层次交互项的系数显著为负(β=-0.050,P<0.01),即相比于本科大学生,专科大学生群体中,领悟社会支持对其幸福感的正向影响更大。然而,性别与学历层次的交互作用未达到显著性,表明性别和学历层次对主效应的调节效应是独立而非协同的。
本研究结果显示,领悟社会支持正向影响大学生幸福感,其作用强度受性别和学历层次的调节:男性大学生和专科层次大学生领悟社会支持对幸福感的正向影响更大,而女性大学生和本科层次大学生的幸福感水平受领悟社会支持的正向影响相对较弱。
本研究发现,领悟社会支持正向影响大学生幸福感水平,表明大学生领悟到的社会支持越多,其幸福感水平越高,这与以往研究结果相一致[16],本研究再次验证了领悟社会支持对于大学生心理健康普遍的增益作用。
已有研究指出[17-18],领悟社会支持是各种心理健康状况的有效指标,高领悟社会支持与良好的身心健康高度相关。大学生领悟社会支持对其幸福感的影响效应显著,表明领悟社会支持作为一种弹性心理资源,是塑造大学生健康心理的可利用因素[19],能够有效提高大学生的幸福感水平。当大学生领悟社会支持增多时,他们能产生较高的归属感和自尊心[20],在面对困难与处理问题时,能够从家人、朋友、老师等人身上得到更多的支持、鼓励,信心的树立帮助他们以更积极的精神面貌处理问题,应对危机;而对外界支持感受度较低的大学生,由于其领悟力水平不足,相较于领悟力高的学生,更易产生孤独感。当他们得不到来自外界的认可和鼓励时,就会出现逃避、退缩甚至自我质疑等现象,这势必会影响他们的幸福感水平,刘畅[21]的研究也印证了这一结果。
本研究探讨了性别在领悟社会支持对大学生幸福感影响中的调节效应。结果显示,尽管性别对幸福感的影响不显著,但性别与领悟社会支持的交互项显著为正。这表明领悟社会支持对幸福感的影响受到性别的调节。具体表现为,与女性大学生相比,男性大学生感知到的社会支持对其幸福感的促进作用更强,男性大学生从领悟社会支持中获得的幸福感增益更大。
已有研究[22]指出,在传统社会文化观念中,男性往往担负更多期望和压力, 在刻板化的性别角色规范下,普遍面临“情绪情感谨慎表达”的冲突。Addis等人[23]研究发现,性别角色冲突水平高的男性普遍有更低的幸福感体验。因此,当男性大学生突破这一规范,感知到更多的社会支持时,就会产生双重心理效应,实现既满足“成就导向”的期待,又打破“必须独自应对”的认知枷锁。这种“角色突破”带来的心理赋能,使得领悟社会支持对男性大学生幸福感的增益更大。有研究发现,女性大学生在人际交往中更愿意表达情感、寻求支持[24],这或许是导致女性大学生领悟社会支持对其幸福感影响的边际效应相对较少,使得性别与领悟社会支持的交互作用呈现出上述结果的原因。
本研究还发现,学历层次在领悟社会支持对大学生幸福感的影响中起调节作用。具体而言,专科大学生群体领悟社会支持对幸福感的正向影响强度高于本科大学生,说明领悟社会支持的提升,带给本科大学生群体的幸福感增益没有专科大学生大。
社会分层理论认为,社会分层反映的是一种隐蔽的社会结构内部关系,其本质是社会资源在各群体之间的一种资源分配[25]。高考作为一种筛选机制,通过学历将个体分流至不同类型的资源轨道。Edward等人提出的自我决定理论认为,资源丰富的群体,更容易通过增强内在动机,降低对外部社会支持的依赖[26]。本科大学生由于自身具备相对较高的幸福感和较多的社会支持资源,这使得领悟社会支持对本科大学生幸福感的边际促进作用相对较弱。同时,本科大学生在面对问题时更倾向于独立解决,而非依赖社会支持,这或使得部分领悟社会支持对幸福感的直接作用被替代。也有研究指出,部分专科大学生会因“学业成就目标”未达成,而产生“胜任感”缺口[27],使其在面对压力情境时更易采取逃避、自责等消极应对策略,幸福感水平较低。本研究结果也证实,专科大学生幸福感水平低于本科大学生。而当专科生感受到更多的社会支持时,可以视作从心理层面为其提升了目标可得概率,因此对专科大学生群体幸福感的增益更大。
基于以上实证结果,本研究提出如下建议:领悟社会支持可以作为一种动态指标,用于预警大学生心理危机,充分发挥社会支持体系在大学生心理健康预防及干预等过程中的重要作用。对于大学生的心理健康教育,可从外部强化支持感知、内部深化自我认知两方面入手。例如,对于男性大学生和专科大学生群体,应侧重于让其感知更多的社会支持,同时积极推进人生观和价值观方面的教育,帮助其树立正确人生理想和奋斗目标。相关教育工作者可以通过调节效应结果中的群体间差异,提出更具针对性的策略,从更专业的角度提升大学生整体心理健康水平。
本文的局限性在于,虽然样本量较大,但由于是横断面设计,仅能揭示特定时间点上变量之间的关联,也难以排除时间维度上潜在混杂变量,且收集到的数据都是调查对象自我报告的,可能会存在一定社会期望偏差和回忆偏差。
  • 山东省教育科学“十四五”规划课题(2023YB093)
  • 教育部人文社科研究专项(23JDSZ3163)
  • 中国残联课题(2024CDPFHS-21)
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2025年第52卷第22期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506222
  • 接收时间:2025-06-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-13
基金
山东省教育科学“十四五”规划课题(2023YB093)
教育部人文社科研究专项(23JDSZ3163)
中国残联课题(2024CDPFHS-21)
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    1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院

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刘军和许婷婷为共同通信作者。刘军,E-mail:;
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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