Article(id=1324044623617851799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506077, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749052800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793606437829, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793606437829, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793606437829, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793606437829, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324044540067328424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793606417910, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793670137580, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324311799788602160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324311799788602161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324044540067328424, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1440, endPage=1446, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324044625362682264, articleId=1324044623617851799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Impacts of DRG on the healthcare costs and service efficiency of patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery based on interruption time series analyses, columnId=1228016567846367388, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health Policy and Management, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the impact of DRG policy on the medical cost and service efficiency of patients with esophageal cancer, and to provide reference for further improvement of medical services.

Methods

Case data of patients with esophageal cancer treated by surgery in five pilot hospitals undergoing DRG policy in Changzhi, Shanxi Province, were collected from January 2019 to June 2023 to analyze the changes in patients' medical costs and hospitalization days before and after the implementation of DRG, and an interrupted time series (ITS) model was established to analyze the impact of the DRG reform.

Results

ITS results indicate that compared to the period before the implementation of the DRG policy, medical expenses for esophageal cancer patients decreased by 12 089 CNY (P<0.05). The intervention instantaneous intercept showed a significant decline and exhibited a sustained downward trend (P<0.05). Hospitalization days decreased by 5 days (P<0.05), with the intervention instantaneous intercept decreasing, though the long-term downward trend was not significant (P=0.176). Within the medical cost structure, the intervention instantaneous intercepts for general medical service fees, diagnostic examination fees, non-surgical treatment fees, surgical fees, and Western medicine fees all decreased. Diagnostic examination fees, non-surgical treatment fees, and Western medicine fees exhibited a long-term downward trend (P<0.05). Conversely, the intervention-specific intercepts for nursing fees, anesthesia fees, and consumables fees all increased, with consumables fees showing the most significant rise. After the reform, consumables fees increased by 9 185 CNY (P<0.05) and exhibited a long-term upward trend (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The DRG policy can alleviate patients' financial burden and enhance the service efficiency of healthcare institutions. It is recommended to further deepen the long-term mechanism of DRG in controlling overall costs and innovate clinical management models; strengthen the supervision of pharmaceuticals and medical consumables; elevate the value of labour and technical services; advance payment method reforms; and improve supporting systems compatible with DRG reform.

, authors=Yan-jie LU1, 2, Ya-nan GAO3, Yi-zhou REN3, Cai-yun WANG4, Jian-zhou YANG1, 4, authorsList=Yan-jie LU, Ya-nan GAO, Yi-zhou REN, Cai-yun WANG, Jian-zhou YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jian-zhou YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324044626662916513, articleId=1324044623617851799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于中断时间序列分析DRG对食管癌患者医疗费用及服务效率的影响, columnId=1228016568014139551, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=卫生政策与管理, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析DRG政策对食管癌患者医疗费用及服务效率的影响,为进一步提高医疗服务水平提供参考。

方法

收集2019年1月—2023年6月山西省长治市进行DRG政策的5家试点医院中食管癌手术患者的病例数据,分析DRG实施前后患者医疗费用和住院天数的变化,建立中断时间序列(ITS)模型分析DRG政策的影响。

结果

ITS结果显示,与DRG政策实施前相比,食管癌患者的医疗费用减少12 089元(P<0.05),干预瞬时截距下降显著,且呈持续下降趋势(P<0.05);住院天数减少5天(P<0.05),干预瞬时截距下降,但长期下降趋势不显著(P=0.176)。在医疗费用结构中,一般医疗服务费、诊断检查费、非手术治疗费、手术费、西药费的干预瞬时截距均有所下降,且诊断检查费、非手术费、西药费呈现长期下降趋势(P<0.05)。而护理费、麻醉费、耗材费的干预瞬时截距均有所上升,耗材费上升最为显著,政策实施后增加9 185元(P<0.05),且呈长期上升趋势(P<0.05)。

结论

DRG政策一定程度上能够降低患者的经济负担,提高医疗机构的服务效率。建议继续深化DRG在总费用控制方面的长效机制,创新临床管理模式;加强药品及耗材监管;提升劳务技术价值;推进支付方式改革,完善与DRG政策适应的配套制度。

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卢燕洁(1990—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病学、卫生政策学、护理研究

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=A study of the impact of Dip payment reform on health care costs for hospitalized patients with chronic respiratory disease in city A, Sichuan Province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324044636448227807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, awardId=2025TD23, language=CN, fundingSource=疾病预防与控制研究生导师团队(2025TD23), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324044626964906402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044626973295011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, companyId=1324044626964906402, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044626990072228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, companyId=1324044626964906402, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.长治医学院护理学院,山西 长治 046000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324044627086541221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044627120095654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, companyId=1324044627086541221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.长治医学院附属和平医院,呼吸与危重症医学科)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324044627455639975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044627464028584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, companyId=1324044627455639975, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山西医科大学公共卫生学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324044627543720362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324044627552108971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, companyId=1324044627543720362, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.长治医学院公共卫生学院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324044632539136463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Trend in length of hospital stay, figureFileSmall=hNosexOabnl1tIk7jxj/cg==, figureFileBig=P6qdhygOuTMimCCll16npg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044634191692240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=CN, label=图1, caption=住院天数变化趋势, figureFileSmall=hNosexOabnl1tIk7jxj/cg==, figureFileBig=P6qdhygOuTMimCCll16npg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044634690814417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Trend in total healthcare expenditure, figureFileSmall=e0xKJqOQTdYluWgL/KK/OA==, figureFileBig=KTZbvj+bLOyPCj58BJu30Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044634808254930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=CN, label=图2, caption=医疗总费用变化趋势, figureFileSmall=e0xKJqOQTdYluWgL/KK/OA==, figureFileBig=KTZbvj+bLOyPCj58BJu30Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044634992804307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Trends in various expenses, figureFileSmall=5V1Mwq8k3Tp/lp/Bhequzw==, figureFileBig=3aV1FHOybbvdmBZK3TYJLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044635072496084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各项费用变化趋势

注:A一般医疗服务费变化趋势;B护理费变化趋势;C诊断检查费变化趋势;D非手术治疗费变化趋势;E手术费变化趋势;F麻醉费变化趋势;G西药费变化趋势;H耗材费变化趋势。

, figureFileSmall=5V1Mwq8k3Tp/lp/Bhequzw==, figureFileBig=3aV1FHOybbvdmBZK3TYJLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324044635156382165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

CPI-based adjustments for medical expenses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份CPI指数(%)调整前调整后
2019102.2F1F1’=F1×102.3%×101.3%×103.0%×102.6%
2020102.6F2F2’=F2×102.3%×101.3%×103.0%
2021103.0F3F3’=F3×102.3%×101.3%
2022101.3F4F4’=F4×102.3%
2023102.3F5F5’=F5
), ArticleFig(id=1324044635294794198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

医疗费用CPI平衡调整

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份CPI指数(%)调整前调整后
2019102.2F1F1’=F1×102.3%×101.3%×103.0%×102.6%
2020102.6F2F2’=F2×102.3%×101.3%×103.0%
2021103.0F3F3’=F3×102.3%×101.3%
2022101.3F4F4’=F4×102.3%
2023102.3F5F5’=F5
), ArticleFig(id=1324044635403846103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic characteristics of patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery [n (%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征类别政策前(n=253)政策后(n=804)χ2P
性别男158(62.5)541(67.3)2.0110.156
女95(37.5)263(32.7)
年龄(岁)<400(0.0)1(0.1)5.6700.129
40~6058(22.9)185(23.0)
61~70132(52.2)361(44.9)
>7063(24.9)257(32.0)
职业工人15(5.9)97(12.1)10.0410.018
农民215(85.0)614(76.4)
国家事业单位22(8.7)91(11.3)
其他1(0.4)2(0.2)
婚姻状况未婚4(1.6)10(1.2)0.8040.669
已婚240(94.9)773(96.1)
其他9(3.6)21(2.6)
入院途径急诊193(76.3)444(55.2)35.646<0.001
门诊60(23.7)360(44.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1324044635554841048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

食管癌手术患者基本情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征类别政策前(n=253)政策后(n=804)χ2P
性别男158(62.5)541(67.3)2.0110.156
女95(37.5)263(32.7)
年龄(岁)<400(0.0)1(0.1)5.6700.129
40~6058(22.9)185(23.0)
61~70132(52.2)361(44.9)
>7063(24.9)257(32.0)
职业工人15(5.9)97(12.1)10.0410.018
农民215(85.0)614(76.4)
国家事业单位22(8.7)91(11.3)
其他1(0.4)2(0.2)
婚姻状况未婚4(1.6)10(1.2)0.8040.669
已婚240(94.9)773(96.1)
其他9(3.6)21(2.6)
入院途径急诊193(76.3)444(55.2)35.646<0.001
门诊60(23.7)360(44.8)
), ArticleFig(id=1324044635642921433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changes in medical costs and length of hospital stay before and after DRG implementation [M (P25, P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别DRG实施前DRG实施后zP
医疗总费用(元)63 576(53 037,74 511)51 487(40 003,63 586)-1.210.015
一般医疗服务费(元)1 966(1 258,2 424)1 918(1 120,2 427)-2.340.019
护理费(元)834(654,1 157)943(768,1 354)-4.10<0.001
诊断检查费(元)7 667(5 501,8 868)7 261(5 559,10 232)-5.07<0.001
非手术治疗费(元)6 096(4 588,7 731)5 427(4 057,7 181)2.290.021
手术费(元)5 635(4 628,6 751)5 508(4 885,5 847)1.560.018
麻醉费(元)1 027(685,1 711)1 322(650,2 157)-3.470.001
西药费(元)13 510(9 226,19 544)11 811(8 209,15 993)3.83<0.001
耗材费(元)5 958(5 170,11 253)15 143(11 165,18 779)-19.06<0.001
其他费(元)169(134,613)67(25,167)-4.38<0.001
住院天数(d)22(18,26)17(14,21)0.510.026
), ArticleFig(id=1324044635764556250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

DRG实施前后医疗费用、住院天数变化情况[M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别DRG实施前DRG实施后zP
医疗总费用(元)63 576(53 037,74 511)51 487(40 003,63 586)-1.210.015
一般医疗服务费(元)1 966(1 258,2 424)1 918(1 120,2 427)-2.340.019
护理费(元)834(654,1 157)943(768,1 354)-4.10<0.001
诊断检查费(元)7 667(5 501,8 868)7 261(5 559,10 232)-5.07<0.001
非手术治疗费(元)6 096(4 588,7 731)5 427(4 057,7 181)2.290.021
手术费(元)5 635(4 628,6 751)5 508(4 885,5 847)1.560.018
麻醉费(元)1 027(685,1 711)1 322(650,2 157)-3.470.001
西药费(元)13 510(9 226,19 544)11 811(8 209,15 993)3.83<0.001
耗材费(元)5 958(5 170,11 253)15 143(11 165,18 779)-19.06<0.001
其他费(元)169(134,613)67(25,167)-4.38<0.001
住院天数(d)22(18,26)17(14,21)0.510.026
), ArticleFig(id=1324044635865219547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Changes in the structure of medical expenditure (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份一般医疗服务费护理费诊断检查费非手术治疗费手术费麻醉费西药费耗材费其他费
20192.821.3613.2612.609.482.6028.5626.342.97
20203.021.7611.8111.149.321.7927.4727.915.77
20213.841.8111.2811.119.061.1326.0029.885.89
20222.881.9114.259.197.822.7320.6236.244.37
20232.632.2416.888.917.613.1218.8734.715.04
), ArticleFig(id=1324044635961688540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

医疗费用结构变化情况(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份一般医疗服务费护理费诊断检查费非手术治疗费手术费麻醉费西药费耗材费其他费
20192.821.3613.2612.609.482.6028.5626.342.97
20203.021.7611.8111.149.321.7927.4727.915.77
20213.841.8111.2811.119.061.1326.0029.885.89
20222.881.9114.259.197.822.7320.6236.244.37
20232.632.2416.888.917.613.1218.8734.715.04
), ArticleFig(id=1324044636108489181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of interrupted time series analysis for medical expenses and length of hospital stay

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别β0β1β2β3β1+β3原W值校准W值
医疗总费用(元)59 748.8b79.86-1 894.4-385b-305.14b1.961.99
一般医疗服务费(元)2 004.8b6.45-30.9-5.70.752.211.98
护理费(元)775.7b2.1822.7-1.50.682.241.99
诊断检查费(元)6 325.5b7.34-217.2-23.5-16.16a1.821.88
非手术治疗费(元)6 041.5b0.91-17.47-23.50-22.59a2.142.01
手术费(元)5 895.34b12.81a-164.91a-12.05a0.761.911.97
麻醉费(元)745.03b5.4223.81-2.612.811.661.98
西药费(元)14 562.95b-10.20-1 062.6a-34.84-45.04a2.432.01
耗材费(元)10 238.1b17.18968.3556.373.48a1.891.95
住院天数(d)23.45b0.02-1.54a-0.04-0.021.731.91
), ArticleFig(id=1324044636288844254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324044623617851799, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

医疗费用、住院天数的中断时间序列分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别β0β1β2β3β1+β3原W值校准W值
医疗总费用(元)59 748.8b79.86-1 894.4-385b-305.14b1.961.99
一般医疗服务费(元)2 004.8b6.45-30.9-5.70.752.211.98
护理费(元)775.7b2.1822.7-1.50.682.241.99
诊断检查费(元)6 325.5b7.34-217.2-23.5-16.16a1.821.88
非手术治疗费(元)6 041.5b0.91-17.47-23.50-22.59a2.142.01
手术费(元)5 895.34b12.81a-164.91a-12.05a0.761.911.97
麻醉费(元)745.03b5.4223.81-2.612.811.661.98
西药费(元)14 562.95b-10.20-1 062.6a-34.84-45.04a2.432.01
耗材费(元)10 238.1b17.18968.3556.373.48a1.891.95
住院天数(d)23.45b0.02-1.54a-0.04-0.021.731.91
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基于中断时间序列分析DRG对食管癌患者医疗费用及服务效率的影响
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卢燕洁 1, 2 , 高亚楠 3 , 任一舟 3 , 王彩云 4 , 杨建洲 1, 4
现代预防医学 | 卫生政策与管理 2026,53(8): 1440-1446
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现代预防医学 |卫生政策与管理 2026 , 53 (8) : 1440 -1446
基于中断时间序列分析DRG对食管癌患者医疗费用及服务效率的影响
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卢燕洁1, 2, 高亚楠3, 任一舟3, 王彩云4, 杨建洲1, 4
作者信息
  • 1.长治医学院护理学院,山西 长治 046000
  • 2.长治医学院附属和平医院,呼吸与危重症医学科
  • 3.山西医科大学公共卫生学院
  • 4.长治医学院公共卫生学院
通讯作者:
杨建洲,E-mail:
作者简介:

卢燕洁(1990—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病学、卫生政策学、护理研究

Impacts of DRG on the healthcare costs and service efficiency of patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery based on interruption time series analyses
Yan-jie LU1, 2, Ya-nan GAO3, Yi-zhou REN3, Cai-yun WANG4, Jian-zhou YANG1, 4
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506077
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目的

分析DRG政策对食管癌患者医疗费用及服务效率的影响,为进一步提高医疗服务水平提供参考。

方法

收集2019年1月—2023年6月山西省长治市进行DRG政策的5家试点医院中食管癌手术患者的病例数据,分析DRG实施前后患者医疗费用和住院天数的变化,建立中断时间序列(ITS)模型分析DRG政策的影响。

结果

ITS结果显示,与DRG政策实施前相比,食管癌患者的医疗费用减少12 089元(P<0.05),干预瞬时截距下降显著,且呈持续下降趋势(P<0.05);住院天数减少5天(P<0.05),干预瞬时截距下降,但长期下降趋势不显著(P=0.176)。在医疗费用结构中,一般医疗服务费、诊断检查费、非手术治疗费、手术费、西药费的干预瞬时截距均有所下降,且诊断检查费、非手术费、西药费呈现长期下降趋势(P<0.05)。而护理费、麻醉费、耗材费的干预瞬时截距均有所上升,耗材费上升最为显著,政策实施后增加9 185元(P<0.05),且呈长期上升趋势(P<0.05)。

结论

DRG政策一定程度上能够降低患者的经济负担,提高医疗机构的服务效率。建议继续深化DRG在总费用控制方面的长效机制,创新临床管理模式;加强药品及耗材监管;提升劳务技术价值;推进支付方式改革,完善与DRG政策适应的配套制度。

食管癌  /  中断时间序列分析  /  DRG  /  医疗政策
Objective

To analyze the impact of DRG policy on the medical cost and service efficiency of patients with esophageal cancer, and to provide reference for further improvement of medical services.

Methods

Case data of patients with esophageal cancer treated by surgery in five pilot hospitals undergoing DRG policy in Changzhi, Shanxi Province, were collected from January 2019 to June 2023 to analyze the changes in patients' medical costs and hospitalization days before and after the implementation of DRG, and an interrupted time series (ITS) model was established to analyze the impact of the DRG reform.

Results

ITS results indicate that compared to the period before the implementation of the DRG policy, medical expenses for esophageal cancer patients decreased by 12 089 CNY (P<0.05). The intervention instantaneous intercept showed a significant decline and exhibited a sustained downward trend (P<0.05). Hospitalization days decreased by 5 days (P<0.05), with the intervention instantaneous intercept decreasing, though the long-term downward trend was not significant (P=0.176). Within the medical cost structure, the intervention instantaneous intercepts for general medical service fees, diagnostic examination fees, non-surgical treatment fees, surgical fees, and Western medicine fees all decreased. Diagnostic examination fees, non-surgical treatment fees, and Western medicine fees exhibited a long-term downward trend (P<0.05). Conversely, the intervention-specific intercepts for nursing fees, anesthesia fees, and consumables fees all increased, with consumables fees showing the most significant rise. After the reform, consumables fees increased by 9 185 CNY (P<0.05) and exhibited a long-term upward trend (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The DRG policy can alleviate patients' financial burden and enhance the service efficiency of healthcare institutions. It is recommended to further deepen the long-term mechanism of DRG in controlling overall costs and innovate clinical management models; strengthen the supervision of pharmaceuticals and medical consumables; elevate the value of labour and technical services; advance payment method reforms; and improve supporting systems compatible with DRG reform.

Esophageal cancer  /  Interrupted time series analysis  /  DRG  /  Medical policy
卢燕洁, 高亚楠, 任一舟, 王彩云, 杨建洲. 基于中断时间序列分析DRG对食管癌患者医疗费用及服务效率的影响. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1440 -1446 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506077
Yan-jie LU, Ya-nan GAO, Yi-zhou REN, Cai-yun WANG, Jian-zhou YANG. Impacts of DRG on the healthcare costs and service efficiency of patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery based on interruption time series analyses[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (8) : 1440 -1446 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506077
食管癌(Esophageal cancer,EC)是常见的高发病率、高死亡率的消化道恶性肿瘤,在全球癌症发病率中位列第11位,全球癌症死亡率中位列第7位[1-2]。全球近一半的食管癌发病和死亡病例均来自中国,我国成为该疾病负担最重的国家[3]。目前,我国以太行山南段的河南、河北、山西三省交界地区的发病率最高,可达32/10万。长治市位于该高发区,且交通和经济发展水平受限,居民收入处于全国中低水平[4]。食管癌治疗以外科手术为主,该手术操作复杂、术后恢复周期长、所需配套资源多,导致患者住院时间长、医疗费用高昂。这不仅对患者家庭造成沉重经济负担,也加剧了当地医保基金的支出压力。
为了有效控制医疗费用增长,建立更加高效的医保支付机制,推动医保高质量发展,多个国家和地区开始实行按疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Groups,DRG)支付制度,根据疾病的严重程度、治疗方法的复杂程度,将住院患者分为一定数量的疾病组,使用DRG进行医疗定价、付款管理、预算分配、医院绩效评估和比较等[5-9]。现有研究表明,DRG政策在部分病种中显著降低了住院费用和住院时长,但对其在复杂肿瘤手术(如食管癌)中的实施效果尚缺乏深入探讨,且研究多基于横断面数据,难以捕捉政策前后的动态趋势[10-12]。为尽快减轻长治中低收入地区的医疗负担,市医保局研究制定《长治市基本医疗保险按疾病诊断相关分组点数法付费管理办法(试行)》(长医保发〔2020〕76号),2021年1月1日,在五家市级三级甲等综合医院率先开展DRG付费试点工作。
本研究基于中断时间序列分析纵向研究长治市DRG政策在食管癌手术患者医疗费用及服务效率的实际应用效果,旨在为政策制定者和医院管理者提供循证依据,为进一步提高长治地区的医疗服务水平及合理控制患者住院费用、减轻患者医疗负担提供参考。
本研究选取山西省长治市5家DRG政策试点医院2019年1月—2023年6月经手术治疗的1 057例食管癌患者的出院病例数据作为资料来源,包括人口学特征、住院费用等相关信息。资料来源于山西省长治市卫生健康委员会,数据真实可靠且具有代表性。本研究已获得长治医学院伦理委员会免除伦理审查的批准(审批号:[MC202502])。
在病案首页数据库中,提取出5家试点医院共4 185例食管癌患者,再提取出经手术治疗的患者1 183例,删去住院天数<2天和>45天,住院费用>15万的患者及少数异地就诊患者,最后纳入1 057例患者。DRG政策实施于2021年1月1日,数据中包括政策实施前纳入的253例患者和政策实施后纳入的804例患者。治疗费用以2023年为基期经过消费物价指数CPI计算消除差异,见表1。
选取住院费用中位数(包括一般医疗服务费、护理费、诊断检查费、非手术治疗费、手术费、麻醉费、西药费、耗材费和其他费)作为医疗费用的评价指标;选取住院天数中位数作为服务效率的评价指标。
分类变量(如人口统计学特征)以频数和百分比的形式进行汇总,政策前后比较采用卡方检验;连续变量(如住院费用、住院天数)采用kolmogorov-smirnov检验评估正态性,住院费用和住院天数数据不符合正态分布,故用“中位数±四分位数间距”表示,对数转换后使用两独立样本t检验进行两组之间比较,检验水准α=0.05。
DRG政策实施前后的效应分析采用中断时间序列(Interrupted time series,ITS)分析,判断时间序列的自相关性采用德宾-沃森检验并校准。
按病例出院日期(2019年1月—2023年6月),逐月标记观测点(共54个月)。2021年1月为管理措施的干预节点,将政策实施前24个月(2019年1月—2020年12月)和政策实施后30个月(2021年1月—2023年6月)建立中断时间序列模型,观察患者住院费用及住院天数的变化趋势,方程如下:
其中,Yt是观察期开始后月数的连续变量的平均水平;β0为政策实施前结果的基线水平(t=0);β1为政策实施前指标变化趋势的斜率,即基线趋势;β2为政策实施前后指标水平瞬时变化的估计值;β3为政策实施后指标变化趋势斜率的改变量(β1+β3=政策实施后指标变化趋势的斜率);time为研究观察期内代表月份的连续性时间变量;level在政策实施前后分别赋值0和1;trend在政策实施前赋值为0,政策实施后trend=time;ε为误差项。上述统计分析采用R软件包(4.4.1)实现,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入经手术治疗的食管癌患者1 057例,DRG政策实施前253例,实施后804例。1 057例食管癌手术患者中,男性699例(66.1%),女性358例(33.9%),以男性患者居多;病例年龄普遍偏大,主要集中于60岁以上,<40岁的患者仅有1例;病例职业分布以农民患者居多(78.4%)。DRG政策实施前后患者在基本特征方面除职业、入院途径外其余均没有统计学差异。患者基本情况见表2。
如表3所示,DRG政策实施前患者医疗总费用为63 576(53 037,74 511)元,实施后为51 487(40 003,63 586)元,减少12 089元(P<0.05);DRG政策实施前患者住院天数为22(18,26)天,实施后为17(14,21)天,减少5天(P<0.05),患者医疗经济负担明显降低,医疗服务效率显著提升。
如表3所示,在患者医疗费用结构方面,一般医疗服务费、诊断检查费、非手术治疗费、手术费、西药费、其他费在政策实施后均有所下降,分别减少48元,406元,669元,127元,1 699元,102元(P<0.05)。其中,西药费下降最为显著。而护理费、麻醉费、耗材费在政策实施后均有所上升,分别增加109元,295元,9 185元(P<0.05)。其中,耗材费上升最为显著。
如表4所示,DRG实施前后,西药费和耗材费在医疗费用占比中始终高于其他费用类型,西药费占比逐渐减少,耗材费占比逐渐增加。相比于DRG实施前,护理费、麻醉费、诊断检查费在医疗费用结构中占比有所增加。
如表5、图1所示,患者住院天数在政策实施前呈缓慢上升趋势,2021年1月干预瞬时截距显著下降,之后呈下降趋势;政策实施前,患者住院天数每月增加0.02天,政策实施后,患者住院天数当月减少1.54天,随后每月减少0.02天(β1+β3)(P=0.176),住院天数长期下降趋势不显著。
如表5、图2所示,患者医疗总费用在政策实施前呈缓慢上升趋势,2021年1月干预瞬时截距显著下降,之后急剧下降;政策实施前,患者医疗总费用每月增加79.86元,政策实施后,患者医疗总费用当月减少1 894.4元,随后每月减少305.14元(β1+β3)(P<0.001),医疗总费用长期下降趋势有显著统计学意义。
如表5、图3所示,患者一般医疗服务费、诊断检查费、非手术治疗费、手术费、西药费2021年1月干预瞬时截距均有所下降,其中诊断检查费、手术费、西药费截距下降最为显著,诊断检查费、非手术治疗费、西药费在干预节点后呈明显下降趋势。政策实施前,患者一般医疗服务费每月增加6.45元;诊断检查费每月增加7.34元;非手术治疗费每月增加0.91元;手术费每月增加12.81元;西药费每月减少10.2元。政策实施后,患者一般医疗服务费当月降低30.9元,随后每月增加0.75元;诊断检查费当月减少217.2元,随后每月减少16.16元(P=0.017),诊断检查费的长期下降趋势有显著统计学意义;非手术治疗费当月减少17.47元,随后每月减少22.59元(P=0.018),非手术治疗费的长期下降趋势有显著统计学意义;手术费当月减少164.91元,随后每月增加0.76元;西药费当月减少1 062.6元,随后每月减少45.04元(P=0.007),西药费的长期下降趋势有显著统计学意义。
而患者护理费、麻醉费、耗材费2021年1月干预瞬时截距均有所上升,其中耗材费截距大幅上升,三类费用在干预节点后均呈上升趋势。政策实施前,患者麻醉费每月增加5.42元;护理费每月增加2.18元;耗材费每月增加17.18元。政策实施后,患者麻醉费当月增加23.81元,随后每月增加2.81元;护理费当月增加22.7元,随后每月增加0.68元;耗材费当月增加968.35元,随后每月增加73.48元(P=0.002),耗材费的长期上升趋势有显著统计学意义。
本研究显示,医疗总费用在DRG政策实施后明显减少,且呈现显著的长期下降趋势(-305.14元/月,P<0.001),表明DRG在控制总成本方面建立了长效机制。住院费用的下降可能由于医院为适应DRG政策所采取的系列措施,如提升病案首页质量、加强运营成本精细化管理等,引起医务人员医疗行为改变,从而减少不合理费用[13]。
政策实施后住院天数虽有减少但仅有即时效应而无显著长期趋势,说明政策的效率提升效果可能是短期的。住院天数缩短可能是DRG预付制激励医院通过优化术前流程、设日间病房等方式提高效率[14]。然而,进一步压缩住院日面临并发症管理与康复衔接等系统性瓶颈,亟待通过临床管理模式创新予以突破。
DRG政策实施后,西药费、一般诊疗费、非手术治疗费、手术费及其他费用均大幅降低,患者西药费下降最为显著,且呈持续下降趋势(P<0.05),而耗材费却大幅上升,且呈持续上升趋势(P<0.05),这与刘芳、薛同斌等学者药品、耗材费用均下降的研究结果不一致[15-16]。目前,我国公立医疗机构中药品和耗材均实施零差率政策,但在该地出现药品费下降,耗材费上升现象的原因可能是:(1)政策在DRG模式下,医疗机构更多地考虑药品的性价比,优先选择成本较低、疗效相当的药物;(2)食管癌手术治疗的相关耗材价格不断上涨,且患者倾向于使用进口医用耗材;(3)该地区DRG政策绩效考核过度关注药品占比而忽视耗材占比;(4)在DRG打包付费下,医院可能存在“成本转移”行为,即通过增加耗材使用来补偿其他方面的收入减少。
因此,在DRG政策下,医疗机构需在保证医疗质量的前提下合理控制药品耗材支出,优化DRG绩效考核体系,将耗材占比纳入核心评价指标,实现药品与耗材的均衡管控;加强高值耗材使用监管,建立基于临床证据的耗材使用评估机制;形成与DRG相适应的耗材管理政策体系[17]。通过多措并举,既可巩固DRG政策在费用控制方面的成效,又能引导医疗行为回归临床理性。
DRG政策实施后,护理费、麻醉费在费用结构占比中有所上升,但上升趋势不显著。结构占比中的上升,是DRG政策促进医疗服务价值回归的积极信号,标志着医院开始更加注重提升技术劳务价值在医疗产出中的贡献。护理费用的增加可能与食管癌术后并发症风险高、专业护理需求大有关[18];麻醉费用的上升则得益于政策激励下麻醉服务质量的提升及患者对麻醉与术后恢复要求的提高。而上升趋势的不显著性,则揭示了医疗服务价格政策仍需深化,同时也反映了在DRG总预算约束下,医院内部成本结构调整的动态平衡过程。未来政策应继续引导这一结构性调整,合理提升技术劳务价值,最终实现医疗服务的“提质增效”与“价值医疗”[19]。
DRG政策实施后诊断检查费和非手术治疗费下降,且呈现长期下降趋势(P<0.05),但诊断检查费占比增加3.62%。初期占比的上升是短期、过渡性的,该现象是政策初期适应性行为(防御性检查)和成本结构调整(药品等其他费用的下降导致检查占比相对上升)共同作用的结果。而下降趋势则是DRG内在激励机制引导医疗行为走向更高效、更合理的长期表现。当然,这个下降趋势能否持续并达到理想水平,还需要推进支付方式改革、建立与DRG相适应的医疗质量监测与评价体系,完善配套制度,确保成本控制不以牺牲医疗质量为代价[20-21]。
本研究的优势在于观察周期较长且为多中心研究,能很好的反映长治地区多家医院DRG政策前后食管癌手术患者的医疗费用及服务效率的变化趋势及费用结构的改变。但本研究也存在一定局限,未分析DRG政策实施对不同医保类型患者住院费用的影响,未来的研究中,我们将致力于获取更详细的参保信息数据,以得出更精确、更细致的结论,推动医疗领域的改革做深走实。
  • 疾病预防与控制研究生导师团队(2025TD23)
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2026年第53卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202506077
  • 接收时间:2025-06-05
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-05
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疾病预防与控制研究生导师团队(2025TD23)
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    1.长治医学院护理学院,山西 长治 046000
    2.长治医学院附属和平医院,呼吸与危重症医学科
    3.山西医科大学公共卫生学院
    4.长治医学院公共卫生学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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