Article(id=1322608168711082284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505160, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747152000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793263960292, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1762704000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793263960292, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793263960292, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793263960292, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322608013010120712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='21', pageStart='3841', pageEnd='4032', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1762704000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793263923169, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264266929, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609454932149087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322608013010120712, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3989, endPage=3994, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322608169025655085, articleId=1322608168711082284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The impact of sleep deprivation on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents aged 9-18 based on propensity score matching, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the impact of sleep deprivation on the physical and mental health of adolescents, and to provide theoretical references for improving the health level of adolescents.

Methods

Using data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), participants aged 9-18 years were included. Observations aged >18 years, beyond the senior-high schooling stage, or with missing values on key variables were excluded. Multiple linear regression and propensity score matching were employed to estimate the effects of sleep deprivation on self-rated health and depressive symptoms among adolescents.

Results

The final analytical sample comprised 2 600 valid observations, 61.96% of whom were classified as sleep-deprived. Insufficient sleep had significant negative impacts on adolescents’ self-rated health (β=-0.118, P=0.004) and depression (β=0.607, P<0.001). The results of propensity score matching through nearest neighbor matching, radius matching, and kernel matching showed that the average treatment effect of sleep status on adolescents’ self-rated health was -0.160 to-0.110, and on depression was 0.742 to 0.763.

Conclusion

Insufficient sleep leads to a decline in adolescents’ self-rated health and an increase in depressive symptoms. It is essential to ensure that adolescents get adequate sleep to promote healthy physical and brain development, alleviate anxiety and depression, and support their overall physical and mental well-being.

, authors=Ya-lei SONG1, 2, 3, Wen-qiang YIN1, 2, 3, Yue DU1, 2, 3, Rui-qi SONG1, 2, 3, Yun HU1, 2, 3, Dong-mei HUANG1, 2, 3, authorsList=Ya-lei SONG, Wen-qiang YIN, Yue DU, Rui-qi SONG, Yun HU, Dong-mei HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dong-mei HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322608171978445110, articleId=1322608168711082284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于倾向得分匹配的睡眠不足对9~18岁儿童青少年身心健康的影响研究, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究睡眠不足对青少年身心健康的影响,为提高青少年健康水平提供理论参考。

方法

本研究以9~18岁儿童青少年为研究对象,基于中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS)2022年数据,剔除18岁以上、教育阶段在高中以上的样本以及关键变量存在缺失的样本后,通过多元线性回归模型与倾向得分匹配法分析睡眠不足对青少年自评健康、抑郁程度的影响。

结果

本研究共纳入2 600个有效样本,其中睡眠不足者占比61.96%,睡眠不足对青少年自评健康(β=-0.118,P=0.004)、抑郁情况(β=0.607,P<0.001)均有显著负面影响。通过最近邻匹配、半径匹配和核匹配进行倾向得分匹配,结果显示睡眠状况对青少年自评健康的平均处理效应值为-0.160~-0.110,对抑郁的平均处理效应值为0.742~0.763。

结论

睡眠不足导致青少年自评健康水平下降及抑郁程度升高。应保障青少年充足的睡眠时间,促进其身体与大脑的健康发育,缓解焦虑与抑郁情绪,推动青少年身心健康成长。

, authors=宋雅蕾1, 2, 3, 尹文强1, 2, 3, 杜悦1, 2, 3, 宋瑞琦1, 2, 3, 胡韵1, 2, 3, 黄冬梅1, 2, 3, authorsList=宋雅蕾, 尹文强, 杜悦, 宋瑞琦, 胡韵, 黄冬梅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黄冬梅, authorNote=

宋雅蕾(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

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黄冬梅,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=QmDLm0PdHCFRcfgyFRtMXA==, magXml=aG0e2mQcE1hUX+qqqIoNTA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=/xfalammfwnmWPMWWsUjcA==, pdfFileSize=727552, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=GGpkfRaZgWplFI2nhd5dOQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Uz9AKOQHp5mqsh21LHPkNQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322608172519510335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322608172628562243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, authorId=1322608172519510335, language=EN, stringName=Ya-lei SONG, firstName=Ya-lei, middleName=null, lastName=SONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322608172691476804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, authorId=1322608172519510335, language=CN, stringName=宋雅蕾, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1.山东第二医科大学 管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053
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Frontiers in Psychology, 2024, 15: 1404989., articleTitle=The impact of sleep quality on visual working memory varied with the duration of maintenance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608185517658544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=28, issue=11, pageStart=1289, pageEnd=1303, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=49, authorNames=程金湘, 赵显超, journalName=中国全科医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程金湘,赵显超. 中国成人失眠共病阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停诊治指南(2024版) [J]. 中国全科医学, 2025, 28 (11): 1289-1303., articleTitle=中国成人失眠共病阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停诊治指南(2024版), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608185593156017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=28, issue=11, pageStart=1289, pageEnd=1303, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=50, authorNames=Cheng JX, Zhao XC, journalName=Chinese General Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cheng JX, Zhao XC. Chinese guideline for diagnosis and treatment of co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea(2024) [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2025, 28 (11): 1289-1303. (In Chinese), articleTitle=Chinese guideline for diagnosis and treatment of co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea(2024), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322608185723179442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=1862, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=51, authorNames=Wang WJ, Zhu YQ, Yu H, journalName=BMC Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang WJ, Zhu YQ, Yu H, et al. The impact of sleep quality on emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents: a chained mediation model involving daytime dysfunction, social exclusion, and self-control [J]. BMC Public Health, 2024, 24 (1): 1862., articleTitle=The impact of sleep quality on emotion regulation difficulties in adolescents: a chained mediation model involving daytime dysfunction, social exclusion, and self-control, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322608177468789114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, awardId=ZR2022MG043, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MG043), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322608172276240695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608172288823608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, companyId=1322608172276240695, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608172297212217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, companyId=1322608172276240695, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学 管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322608172372709690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608172381098299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, companyId=1322608172372709690, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322608172431429948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322608172439818557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, companyId=1322608172431429948, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.健康相关重大社会风险预警协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322608176571208050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Results of balance test for propensity score matching, figureFileSmall=/GVhusz9T9nVYgSgvokd/w==, figureFileBig=GGpkfRaZgWplFI2nhd5dOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608176663482739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, language=CN, label=图1, caption=倾向得分匹配平衡性检验结果, figureFileSmall=/GVhusz9T9nVYgSgvokd/w==, figureFileBig=GGpkfRaZgWplFI2nhd5dOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322608176915140980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis of the basic sleep conditions and differences among adolescents with different demographic characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别数量睡眠不足人数[n(%)]χ2值P值
性别男1 378848(32.62)3.8870.047
女1 222763(29.35)
教育阶段小学922398(15.31)362.669<0.001
初中846550(21.15)
高中/中专/技校/职高832663(25.50)
居住地城镇1 155842(32.38)4.8230.028
农村1 445796(30.62)
学校所在地省会城市221138(5.31)70.170<0.001
市区561334(12.85)
县区913568(21.85)
农村905571(21.96)
是否住校是1 479993(38.19)45.939<0.001
否1 121618(23.77)
人际关系很差3425(0.96)10.835<0.001
很16495(3.65)
一般694436(16.77)
好1 119673(25.88)
很好589382(15.69)
对父母的信任很差117(0.27)18.4220.001
差107(0.27)
一般11072(2.77)
好337220(8.46)
很好2 1321 305(50.19)
对学校的满意度很差6540(1.54)94.308<0.001
差14284(3.23)
一般569331(12.73)
好854538(20.69)
很好970618(23.77)
学习压力很小393233(8.96)79.204<0.001
小617386(14.85)
一般1 0351 035(39.81)
大404404(15.54)
很大151151(5.81)
总计2 6001 611(61.96)
), ArticleFig(id=1322608176999027061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同人口学特征青少年的睡眠状况基本情况及差异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量类别数量睡眠不足人数[n(%)]χ2值P值
性别男1 378848(32.62)3.8870.047
女1 222763(29.35)
教育阶段小学922398(15.31)362.669<0.001
初中846550(21.15)
高中/中专/技校/职高832663(25.50)
居住地城镇1 155842(32.38)4.8230.028
农村1 445796(30.62)
学校所在地省会城市221138(5.31)70.170<0.001
市区561334(12.85)
县区913568(21.85)
农村905571(21.96)
是否住校是1 479993(38.19)45.939<0.001
否1 121618(23.77)
人际关系很差3425(0.96)10.835<0.001
很16495(3.65)
一般694436(16.77)
好1 119673(25.88)
很好589382(15.69)
对父母的信任很差117(0.27)18.4220.001
差107(0.27)
一般11072(2.77)
好337220(8.46)
很好2 1321 305(50.19)
对学校的满意度很差6540(1.54)94.308<0.001
差14284(3.23)
一般569331(12.73)
好854538(20.69)
很好970618(23.77)
学习压力很小393233(8.96)79.204<0.001
小617386(14.85)
一般1 0351 035(39.81)
大404404(15.54)
很大151151(5.81)
总计2 6001 611(61.96)
), ArticleFig(id=1322608177082913142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Multiple linear regression results for adolescents’ self-rated health and depression

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量自评健康抑郁情况
β (95% CI) t值P值β (95% CI) t值P值
睡眠状况(参照:睡眠充足)
睡眠不足-0.118(-0.198~-0.039)0.04-2.910.0040.607(0.347~0.869)0.154.56<0.001
性别(参照:女)
男0.053(0.012~0.118)0.031.590.110-0.236(-0.450~-0.024)0.13-2.180.030
居住地(参照:农村)
城镇0.042(-0.027~0.112)0.031.190.234-0.039(-0.268~0.188)0.16-0.340.732
学校所在地(参照:省会城市)
一般城市0.022(-0.109~0.154)0.070.340.737-0.041(-0.472~0.390)0.25-0.190.851
县区0.063(-0.063~0.189)0.060.980.3280.303(-0.111~0.717)0.241.440.151
农村0.035(-0.096~0.167)0.070.530.5960.500(0.070~0.931)0.252.280.023
教育阶段(参照:小学)
初中-0.120(-0.252~0.012)0.06-1.780.0750.084(-0.349~0.518)0.260.380.702
高中/技校/职高-0.191(-0.427~0.044)0.12-1.600.1110.287(-0.485~1.059)0.460.730.466
年龄0.008(-0.027~0.043)0.020.450.679-0.096(-0.212~0.019)0.07-1.640.101
人际关系(参照:很差)
差-0.016(-0.328~0.295)0.16-0.100.917-0.692(-1.712~0.326)0.60-1.330.183
一般-0.039(0.331~0.252)0.15-0.270.790-0.971(-1.925~-0.018)0.56-2.000.046
好0.016(-0.273~0.306)0.150.110.911-1.005(-1.999~-0.105)0.56-2.180.030
很好0.226(0.067~0.519)0.151.510.130-1.153(-2.113~-0.194)0.57-2.360.018
对父母的信任(参照:很差)
差-0.533(-1.256~0.188)0.36-1.450.1470.975(-1.389~3.340)1.400.810.419
一般-0.638(-1.163~-0.114)0.26-2.390.017-0.152(-1.869~1.565)1.02-0.170.862
好-0.754(-1.262~-0.248)0.25-2.920.004-0.018(-1.679~1.642)0.98-0.020.983
很好-0.458(-0.958~0.042)0.05-1.800.072-0.604(-2.241~1.033)0.97-0.720.469
对学校的满意度(参照:很差)
差-0.156(-0.405~0.092)0.13-1.240.217-0.606(-1.421~0.208)0.48-1.460.144
一般-0.009(-0.227~0.209)0.11-0.080.934-1.013(-1.728~-0.299)0.42-2.780.005
好-0.025(-0.191~0.241)0.110.230.820-1.180(-1.887~-0.474)0.42-3.280.001
很好-0.133(-0.083~0.350)0.111.210.225-1.178(-1.887~0.469)0.42-3.260.001
学习压力(参照:很小)
小-0.127(-0.235~-0.020)0.05-2.320.0200.360(0.008~0.713)0.202.010.045
一般-0.149(-0.251~-0.048)0.05-2.880.0040.660(0.324~0.992)0.193.87<0.001
大0.203(-0.324~-0.083)0.06-3.310.0011.296(0.901~1.692)0.236.43<0.001
很大-0.284(-0.443~-0.125)0.08-3.49<0.0011.545(1.024~2.067)0.315.81<0.001
是否住校(参照:否)
是-0.014(-0.092~0.064)0.04-0.360.7190.096(-0.160~0.352)1.420.740.462
), ArticleFig(id=1322608177170993527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

青少年自评健康、抑郁的多元线性回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量自评健康抑郁情况
β (95% CI) t值P值β (95% CI) t值P值
睡眠状况(参照:睡眠充足)
睡眠不足-0.118(-0.198~-0.039)0.04-2.910.0040.607(0.347~0.869)0.154.56<0.001
性别(参照:女)
男0.053(0.012~0.118)0.031.590.110-0.236(-0.450~-0.024)0.13-2.180.030
居住地(参照:农村)
城镇0.042(-0.027~0.112)0.031.190.234-0.039(-0.268~0.188)0.16-0.340.732
学校所在地(参照:省会城市)
一般城市0.022(-0.109~0.154)0.070.340.737-0.041(-0.472~0.390)0.25-0.190.851
县区0.063(-0.063~0.189)0.060.980.3280.303(-0.111~0.717)0.241.440.151
农村0.035(-0.096~0.167)0.070.530.5960.500(0.070~0.931)0.252.280.023
教育阶段(参照:小学)
初中-0.120(-0.252~0.012)0.06-1.780.0750.084(-0.349~0.518)0.260.380.702
高中/技校/职高-0.191(-0.427~0.044)0.12-1.600.1110.287(-0.485~1.059)0.460.730.466
年龄0.008(-0.027~0.043)0.020.450.679-0.096(-0.212~0.019)0.07-1.640.101
人际关系(参照:很差)
差-0.016(-0.328~0.295)0.16-0.100.917-0.692(-1.712~0.326)0.60-1.330.183
一般-0.039(0.331~0.252)0.15-0.270.790-0.971(-1.925~-0.018)0.56-2.000.046
好0.016(-0.273~0.306)0.150.110.911-1.005(-1.999~-0.105)0.56-2.180.030
很好0.226(0.067~0.519)0.151.510.130-1.153(-2.113~-0.194)0.57-2.360.018
对父母的信任(参照:很差)
差-0.533(-1.256~0.188)0.36-1.450.1470.975(-1.389~3.340)1.400.810.419
一般-0.638(-1.163~-0.114)0.26-2.390.017-0.152(-1.869~1.565)1.02-0.170.862
好-0.754(-1.262~-0.248)0.25-2.920.004-0.018(-1.679~1.642)0.98-0.020.983
很好-0.458(-0.958~0.042)0.05-1.800.072-0.604(-2.241~1.033)0.97-0.720.469
对学校的满意度(参照:很差)
差-0.156(-0.405~0.092)0.13-1.240.217-0.606(-1.421~0.208)0.48-1.460.144
一般-0.009(-0.227~0.209)0.11-0.080.934-1.013(-1.728~-0.299)0.42-2.780.005
好-0.025(-0.191~0.241)0.110.230.820-1.180(-1.887~-0.474)0.42-3.280.001
很好-0.133(-0.083~0.350)0.111.210.225-1.178(-1.887~0.469)0.42-3.260.001
学习压力(参照:很小)
小-0.127(-0.235~-0.020)0.05-2.320.0200.360(0.008~0.713)0.202.010.045
一般-0.149(-0.251~-0.048)0.05-2.880.0040.660(0.324~0.992)0.193.87<0.001
大0.203(-0.324~-0.083)0.06-3.310.0011.296(0.901~1.692)0.236.43<0.001
很大-0.284(-0.443~-0.125)0.08-3.49<0.0011.545(1.024~2.067)0.315.81<0.001
是否住校(参照:否)
是-0.014(-0.092~0.064)0.04-0.360.7190.096(-0.160~0.352)1.420.740.462
), ArticleFig(id=1322608177267462520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Average treatment effect results for adolescents’ self-rated health and depression

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因变量匹配方法ATT t值P值
自评健康最近邻匹配-0.1600.056-2.8350.005
半径匹配-0.1020.044-2.3110.021
核匹配-0.1100.043-2.5350.011
抑郁最近邻匹配0.7420.2303.2290.001
半径匹配0.7150.1794.000<0.001
核匹配0.7630.1764.328<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322608177359737209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322608168711082284, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

青少年自评健康、抑郁的平均处理效应结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因变量匹配方法ATT t值P值
自评健康最近邻匹配-0.1600.056-2.8350.005
半径匹配-0.1020.044-2.3110.021
核匹配-0.1100.043-2.5350.011
抑郁最近邻匹配0.7420.2303.2290.001
半径匹配0.7150.1794.000<0.001
核匹配0.7630.1764.328<0.001
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基于倾向得分匹配的睡眠不足对9~18岁儿童青少年身心健康的影响研究
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宋雅蕾 1, 2, 3 , 尹文强 1, 2, 3 , 杜悦 1, 2, 3 , 宋瑞琦 1, 2, 3 , 胡韵 1, 2, 3 , 黄冬梅 1, 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(21): 3989-3994
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2025 , 52 (21) : 3989 -3994
基于倾向得分匹配的睡眠不足对9~18岁儿童青少年身心健康的影响研究
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2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053
3.健康相关重大社会风险预警协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053, bio={"content":"

宋雅蕾(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

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宋雅蕾1, 2, 3, 尹文强1, 2, 3, 杜悦1, 2, 3, 宋瑞琦1, 2, 3, 胡韵1, 2, 3, 黄冬梅1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学 管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 3.健康相关重大社会风险预警协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053
通讯作者:
黄冬梅,E-mail:
作者简介:

宋雅蕾(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

The impact of sleep deprivation on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents aged 9-18 based on propensity score matching
Ya-lei SONG1, 2, 3, Wen-qiang YIN1, 2, 3, Yue DU1, 2, 3, Rui-qi SONG1, 2, 3, Yun HU1, 2, 3, Dong-mei HUANG1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2025-11-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505160
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目的

探究睡眠不足对青少年身心健康的影响,为提高青少年健康水平提供理论参考。

方法

本研究以9~18岁儿童青少年为研究对象,基于中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS)2022年数据,剔除18岁以上、教育阶段在高中以上的样本以及关键变量存在缺失的样本后,通过多元线性回归模型与倾向得分匹配法分析睡眠不足对青少年自评健康、抑郁程度的影响。

结果

本研究共纳入2 600个有效样本,其中睡眠不足者占比61.96%,睡眠不足对青少年自评健康(β=-0.118,P=0.004)、抑郁情况(β=0.607,P<0.001)均有显著负面影响。通过最近邻匹配、半径匹配和核匹配进行倾向得分匹配,结果显示睡眠状况对青少年自评健康的平均处理效应值为-0.160~-0.110,对抑郁的平均处理效应值为0.742~0.763。

结论

睡眠不足导致青少年自评健康水平下降及抑郁程度升高。应保障青少年充足的睡眠时间,促进其身体与大脑的健康发育,缓解焦虑与抑郁情绪,推动青少年身心健康成长。

青少年  /  自评健康  /  抑郁  /  睡眠不足  /  倾向得分匹配
Objective

To investigate the impact of sleep deprivation on the physical and mental health of adolescents, and to provide theoretical references for improving the health level of adolescents.

Methods

Using data from the 2022 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), participants aged 9-18 years were included. Observations aged >18 years, beyond the senior-high schooling stage, or with missing values on key variables were excluded. Multiple linear regression and propensity score matching were employed to estimate the effects of sleep deprivation on self-rated health and depressive symptoms among adolescents.

Results

The final analytical sample comprised 2 600 valid observations, 61.96% of whom were classified as sleep-deprived. Insufficient sleep had significant negative impacts on adolescents’ self-rated health (β=-0.118, P=0.004) and depression (β=0.607, P<0.001). The results of propensity score matching through nearest neighbor matching, radius matching, and kernel matching showed that the average treatment effect of sleep status on adolescents’ self-rated health was -0.160 to-0.110, and on depression was 0.742 to 0.763.

Conclusion

Insufficient sleep leads to a decline in adolescents’ self-rated health and an increase in depressive symptoms. It is essential to ensure that adolescents get adequate sleep to promote healthy physical and brain development, alleviate anxiety and depression, and support their overall physical and mental well-being.

Adolescents  /  Self-rated health  /  Depression  /  Sleep deprivation  /  Propensity score matching
宋雅蕾, 尹文强, 杜悦, 宋瑞琦, 胡韵, 黄冬梅. 基于倾向得分匹配的睡眠不足对9~18岁儿童青少年身心健康的影响研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3989 -3994 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505160
Ya-lei SONG, Wen-qiang YIN, Yue DU, Rui-qi SONG, Yun HU, Dong-mei HUANG. The impact of sleep deprivation on the physical and mental health of children and adolescents aged 9-18 based on propensity score matching[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (21) : 3989 -3994 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505160
青少年正处于身心发育的关键阶段,其健康状况不仅关系到学业与生活,也影响其成年后的生命质量[1]。近年来青少年身心健康问题呈现上升趋势,《2022年中国国民心理健康发展报告》指出,我国中小学生中抑郁检出率已高达24.6%,其中重度风险人群超过7%[2];2022年全国学生体质与健康调研结果显示,近视率、肥胖率和体力活动不足也广泛存在[3]。良好的睡眠是青少年健康成长的重要保障[4]。然而随着学业负担的不断加重,睡眠不足、睡眠障碍等问题已成为影响青少年健康的突出问题[5]。《中国国民健康睡眠白皮书(2025)》指出,我国中小学生的整体睡眠质量不佳[6],睡眠在青少年健康促进中的地位亟需被正视。尽管已有探讨睡眠与健康之间的关系,但多数研究对象集中于成年人群,如大学生、慢性病患者和老年人[7-9]。针对中小学生等青少年群体的系统研究仍较为匮乏,缺乏基于全国代表性样本对其睡眠状况与身心健康关系的深入探讨。自评健康被广泛应用于反映个体的主观健康状态。既往研究表明,主观健康与死亡率和患病率等客观健康指标密切相关,可以准确反映个体的健康状况[10]。8题简版流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D 8)具有良好的信效度,可以有效衡量样本的抑郁水平[11]。因此,本研究基于中国家庭追踪调查(China Family Panel Studies,CFPS 2022)数据,聚焦9~18岁在校青少年的睡眠情况,探讨睡眠不足对其自评健康与抑郁水平的影响,为改善青少年健康水平、制定科学的干预策略提供理论支持和实证依据。
本项研究的数据基础来源于北京大学中国社会科学调查中心开展的CFPS 2022年数据(样本总数:27 001;伦理审查编号:IRB00001052-14010)。该调查自2010年起,以两年为周期,使用多阶段、内隐分层、与人口规模成比例的系统概率抽样方法在我国的25个省(自治区、直辖市)抽取调查样本,全国代表性较好,调查项目覆盖了经济活动(工资收入、转移收入等)、家庭关系(家庭成员、家庭结构等)、健康(自感健康、抑郁情况等)等多个研究领域[12]。参照过往研究[13-14],本研究以CFPS数据中在校的全日制学生为研究对象,剔除18岁以上样本(n=13 506)、目前教育阶段在高中以上的样本(n=868)以及关键变量存在缺失的样本后,获取2 600个有效样本。
青少年自评健康。本文采用个体自评健康水平来衡量个体健康状况。以问卷问题:“您认为自己的健康状况如何?”,回答选项为1~5的数值,数值越大表明个体健康状况越好。
抑郁得分。CFPS 2022采用CES-D 8对研究对象的抑郁得分进行测量,该量表具有良好的信效度且可适用于不同年龄段的人群[11]。量表采用李克特4级评分法,从“0=从未”到“3=大部分时间”,总分取值范围为0~24分,得分越高表明抑郁程度越高,经测算CES-D8条目量表Cronbach α为0.719,KMO检验值为0.816,量表信效度符合要求。
CFPS采用自报方式测量睡眠时间,“不包括午休时间,一般情况下,每天大约睡几个小时?”,既往研究发现95.5%的小学生、90.8%的初中生和84.1%的高中生睡眠时长未达到《健康中国行动(2019—2030年)》倡导的睡眠时长标准[15]。因此参考既往研究,本研究将睡眠不足定义为平均每天睡眠时长小于8 h为睡眠不足,反之为睡眠充足[16-18]。同时纳入人口学特征(性别、教育阶段)、生活环境(居住地、学校所在地、是否住校)、社会环境(人际关系、对父母的信任、对学校的满意度、学习压力)为控制变量[19-20]。
本研究通过Stata 16.0软件进行统计分析。采用频数、百分比分析样本基本情况;采用χ2检验分析比较不同群体在睡眠状况上的差异;通过多元线性回归模型分析青少年睡眠不足与自评健康、抑郁的关系;基于倾向得分进行最近邻匹配、核匹配和半径匹配三种方法的匹配,并估计睡眠不足对青少年自评健康和抑郁情况的平均处理效应(average treatment effect on the treated, ATT)。本研究关注已存在睡眠不足的青少年在假设充足睡眠情况下的健康改善潜力,因而采用ATT作为主要效应指标[21]。检验水准α=0.05。
2 600名有效样本的平均年龄为(13.94±0.05)岁,其中睡眠不足者1 611人,占61.96%。男性睡眠不足比例为32.62%,高于女性的29.35%;在各教育阶段中,高中、中专、技校及职高学生的睡眠不足比例最高,为25.50%;城镇青少年睡眠不足比例为32.38%,略高于农村的30.62%;按学校所在地划分,省会城市学校学生的睡眠不足比例最低,为5.31%。住校生睡眠不足比例为38.19%,高于非住校生的23.77%。差异性分析结果显示,不同分组的青少年睡眠状况差异均有统计学意。见表1。
如表2所示,睡眠不足对青少年自评健康有显著负面影响(β=-0.118,P=0.004),睡眠不足的青少年自评健康状况比睡眠充足者差。睡眠不足对青少年抑郁情况有显著的负面影响(β=0.607,P<0.001),睡眠不足的青少年抑郁情况更差。青少年自评健康与抑郁情况的回归方程的方差膨胀因子均小于5(VIF=1.20~3.78),变量间不存在多重共线性。此外,性别、学校所在地、人际关系、对父母的信任、对学校的满意度和学习压力均对青少年的健康有显著影响。
为保证匹配效果的质量,本研究对睡眠不足者和睡眠充足者间的平衡性进行检验。图1显示,匹配后各变量的标准化偏差均减少,大部分变量的标准化偏差值在5%以下,说明样本差异得到了较好地消除,满足平衡性假设,匹配效果好。
本研究共采用最近邻匹配、半径匹配和核匹配三种匹配方式,匹配后所获得的计量结果一致,表明样本数据具有良好的稳健性[22]。结果显示睡眠不足对青少年的自评健康造成负面影响,且会导致青少年抑郁的概率增加。睡眠状况对青少年自评健康的平均处理效应值为-0.110~-0.160,表明睡眠不足青少年的自评健康得分显著比睡眠充足者的得分低0.11~0.16分。对抑郁情况的平均处理效应值为0.742~0.763,表明睡眠不足者抑郁得分显著比睡眠充足者得分高0.742~0.763分。见表3。
研究发现,我国青少年睡眠不足检出率高达61.96%,睡眠不足对青少年身心健康产生负面影响,三种倾向得分匹配方法均证实该效应具有稳健性。2021年,我国颁布《关于进一步减轻义务教育阶段学生作业负担和校外培训负担的意见》,政策落实后,青少年有了更多的休息时间,但部分家长由于工作等原因,无法对孩子进行有效监管,青少年使用手机打游戏、刷短视频等上网的时间比“双减”前显著增加,农村情况更为严重[23]。智能手机、平板电脑等设备发出的蓝光会抑制褪黑素的分泌[24],长时间使用屏幕设备会使神经系统高度兴奋,导致入睡困难和睡眠质量下降,造成睡眠不足[25]。此外,课外辅导班以及升学压力可能导致学生延长学习时间,从而导致睡眠不足[26]。
睡眠不足导致青少年自评健康水平下降,睡眠不足会降低免疫细胞活性(如NK细胞),促炎细胞因子(IL-6、TNF-α)水平升高[27]。青少年可能主观感受到频繁感冒、疲劳等情况,导致对自身健康评价的下降。长期睡眠不足导致夜间皮质醇水平升高,引发青少年“倦怠感”和“亚健康”的自我认知[28]。且睡眠不足会导致青少年工作记忆容量下降20%~30%,学业表现下滑[29],青少年可能将能力衰退归因于自身生理或认知功能的下降,从而自感整体健康水平下降。
睡眠不足导致青少年抑郁程度升高。从生理机制来看,睡眠不足会激活下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴,导致皮质醇等应激激素水平升高,使个体长期处于高唤醒状态,进而诱发焦虑和抑郁症状[30]。从心理机制层面看,睡眠不足会损害青少年的认知能力,降低其应对学业压力与人际冲突的能力,进而加重无力感与自我否定感。此外,睡眠不足可能影响青少年的时间管理与社交参与,进而削弱其生活满意度和主观健康感,导致抑郁程度的增加[31]。
因此应保证青少年有充足的睡眠时间,以促进其身体和大脑的健康发育,缓解学习压力,减少焦虑和抑郁情绪,帮助青少年身体和心理的健康成长。为实现这一目标,可以从以下几个方面着手:学校方面应积极响应“双减”政策,合理优化晚间学习负担,保证青少年有充足的休息时间;家庭方面家长应树立管理意识,监督青少年上网时间,强化青少年睡前行为管理,保证青少年拥有充足的睡眠时长,提升青少年的健康水平。最后,本研究仍存在不足:一是受数据局限性,未能控制视屏时长、咖啡因摄入等行为变量,可能低估其对核心机制的混杂效应;二是睡眠时长依赖自报数据,存在测量偏倚风险。未来研究需采用多源数据以提升测量的客观性与结论的稳健性。
  • 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MG043)
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2025年第52卷第21期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505160
  • 接收时间:2025-05-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14
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山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MG043)
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    1.山东第二医科大学 管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053
    3.健康相关重大社会风险预警协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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