Article(id=1323941303255441414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1323941237702668764, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504139, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744387200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793581804336, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793581804336, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793581804336, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793581804336, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1323941237702668764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='23', pageStart='4225', pageEnd='4416', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765296000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793581788707, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793581887795, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1323941653374959780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1323941237702668764, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1323941653374959781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1323941237702668764, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4243, endPage=4249, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1323941304870248458, articleId=1323941303255441414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Changes in health status in elderly patients with hypertension via latent transition analysis, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study aims to identify latent subtypes of Chinese elderly patients with hypertension based on their health profiles, analyze underlying driving factors and provide scientific evidence for developing targeted health management strategies.

Methods

Using two waves (Wave 3 and Wave 4) of Harmonized CHARLS data, this study assessed the health status of Chinese elderly patients with hypertension across three dimensions, including physical condition, psychological condition and quality of life. Latent profile analysis identified health status subtypes, latent transition analysis explored inter-subtype transitions over time. Based on this, logistic regression and decision tree models were used to further investigate the key factors influencing the latent subtype transitions.

Results

Four health status subtypes were identified: Comprehensive well-adapted,Multidimensional dysfunction, Low positive affect-driven, and High negative affect-sensitive. The Comprehensive well-adapted subtype had the highest stability (61.4%), while the Multidimensional dysfunction subtype had the lowest (4.10%). Gender,education, marital status, afternoon napping, physical exercise, social participation, sleep duration, and satisfaction with children and marriage were significantly associated with subtype transitions.

Conclusion

Elderly hypertensive patients exhibit high health status heterogeneity, necessitating targeted interventions. Priority should be given to solitary-living older women with lower education, and to promoting adequate sleep, physical exercise, and social engagement. Improved social support,community involvement and mental health services can enhance their quality of life.

, authors=Bing-xia JI1, 2, Jie YANG2, 5, Tong-tong WANG1, 2, Xiao-ying ZHANG3, Jing LI4, Juan-juan YAN2, Yan-bo ZHANG1, 2, 4, authorsList=Bing-xia JI, Jie YANG, Tong-tong WANG, Xiao-ying ZHANG, Jing LI, Juan-juan YAN, Yan-bo ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan-bo ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1323941307256807445, articleId=1323941303255441414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=基于潜在转变模型的老年高血压患者健康状态转变分析, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索中国老年高血压患者的健康状态潜在亚组及其驱动因素,为制定针对性的健康管理策略提供科学依据。

方法

基于Harmonized 中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)数据中的Wave 3和Wave 4,以老年高血压患者的身体状况、心理状况和生活质量三个维度评估其健康状态,使用潜在剖面分析解析老年高血压患者群体的健康状态潜在亚组;通过潜在类别转移模型分析各亚组的时间变化规律;在此基础上利用logistic回归与决策树模型进一步研究影响潜在亚组转变的关键因素。

结果

老年高血压患者健康状态存在四个潜在亚组:综合适应良好组、多维功能失调组、低积极情感驱动组和高消极情感敏感组;综合适应良好组稳定性最强(61.4%),多维功能失调组最不稳定(4.10%);性别、教育程度、婚姻状态、是否午睡、是否体育锻炼、是否参加社交活动睡眠时长、是否对子女和婚姻满意对亚组转变的影响具有统计学意义。

结论

老年高血压患者的健康状态存在明显异质性,需实施差异化干预策略。重点关注独居、文化程度较低的女性老年患者,鼓励患者适当睡眠,积极参加体育锻炼和社交活动,通过增强社会支持、促进社区参与及优化心理健康服务,全面提升该人群的生活质量。

, authors=姬冰霞1, 2, 杨婕2, 5, 王桐桐1, 2, 张晓英3, 李靓4, 闫娟娟2, 张岩波1, 2, 4, authorsList=姬冰霞, 杨婕, 王桐桐, 张晓英, 李靓, 闫娟娟, 张岩波, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张岩波, authorNote=

姬冰霞(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:内科护理

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张岩波,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=cbnRbCfl0BPjF9fTONlqGw==, magXml=Zv8EzFwrgZtYa3djMxc9Lg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+9E+Pcl3PJ/eFRebLyuuAw==, pdfFileSize=1541689, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=EuR/IIxXsMSKeKaT1MY4kQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=XJoPydnGhuspialilCKYkQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1323941310062796834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1323941310150877221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, authorId=1323941310062796834, language=EN, stringName=Bing-xia JI, firstName=Bing-xia, middleName=null, lastName=JI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030619, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1323941310251540518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, authorId=1323941310062796834, language=CN, stringName=姬冰霞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.山西中医药大学护理学院,山西 太原 030619
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Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2024, 179: 26-32., articleTitle=Acute and chronic effects of physical exercise in inflammatory biomarkers in People with depression: A systematic review with meta-analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1323941319374151775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, awardId=81872714, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81872714), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1323941319445454944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, awardId=20210302124393, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省基础研究计划青年项目(20210302124393), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1323941319504175201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, awardId=zyytd 2024025, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省卫生健康委员会中医药创新团队项目(zyytd 2024025), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1323941319592255586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, awardId=2024ZYYAD007, language=CN, fundingSource=山西省中医药管理局项目(2024ZYYAD007), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1323941319676141667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, awardId=2023BK57, language=CN, fundingSource=山西中医药大学博士科研启动基金(2023BK57), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1323941307500077078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1323941307516854295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, companyId=1323941307500077078, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030619, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1323941307537825816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, companyId=1323941307500077078, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山西中医药大学护理学院,山西 太原 030619)]), AuthorCompany(id=1323941309077135385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1323941309089718298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, companyId=1323941309077135385, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.山西中医药大学健康服务与管理学院,山西 太原 030619)]), AuthorCompany(id=1323941309211353115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1323941309483982876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, companyId=1323941309211353115, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.山西省针灸医院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1323941309597229085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1323941309874053150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, companyId=1323941309597229085, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.山西医科大学重大疾病风险评估山西省重点实验室,山西 太原 030001)]), AuthorCompany(id=1323941309966327839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1323941309978910752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, companyId=1323941309966327839, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.山西中医药大学分子中医药学国家级国际联合研究中心中医脑病学山西省重点实验室)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1323941318157803603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Schematic diagram of subtype transitions in elderly patients with hypertension, figureFileSmall=oE23Vl+F8jmDMdarnwMo2Q==, figureFileBig=EuR/IIxXsMSKeKaT1MY4kQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941318233301076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, language=CN, label=图1, caption=老年高血压患者亚组转变示意图

注:圈内的百分比表示亚组所占比例,直线箭头上的百分比表示亚组转移概率,弧度箭头上的百分比为保持原组概率。

, figureFileSmall=oE23Vl+F8jmDMdarnwMo2Q==, figureFileBig=EuR/IIxXsMSKeKaT1MY4kQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941318459793493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Scores for each dimension in elderly patients with hypertension, figureFileSmall=iyV8WX6zcmSg9Bkibr5TLQ==, figureFileBig=ZW49oAq5YzcdpCJrUl2VZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941318573039702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, language=CN, label=图2, caption=老年高血压患者各个维度得分

注:sat生活质量;hea身体状况;PA积极情绪(心理状况);DA消极情绪(心理状况)。

, figureFileSmall=iyV8WX6zcmSg9Bkibr5TLQ==, figureFileBig=ZW49oAq5YzcdpCJrUl2VZw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941318732423255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Forest plot analysis of latent subtype transitions in patients with hypertension, figureFileSmall=pXBvAEAUNW8aQSklQvCfTw==, figureFileBig=tQHLHNO5Fd6ZdyTpsStMfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941318837280856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, language=CN, label=图3, caption=高血压患者潜在亚组转变森林图分析

注:A为CW组;B为MD组;C为LP组;D为HN组。

, figureFileSmall=pXBvAEAUNW8aQSklQvCfTw==, figureFileBig=tQHLHNO5Fd6ZdyTpsStMfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941318900195417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Decision trees for latent transitions in elderly patients with hypertension, figureFileSmall=hSlbNYii+ZtxzdJqZHiEHA==, figureFileBig=g8Y+6iBYyUKnrBgmJ2JzIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941318975692890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, language=CN, label=图4, caption=老年高血压患者潜在转变的决策树

注:CW综合适应良好组;MD多维功能失调组;LP低积极情感驱动组;HN高消极情感敏感组;图中百分比表示由该亚型组成的样本的总百分比。

, figureFileSmall=hSlbNYii+ZtxzdJqZHiEHA==, figureFileBig=g8Y+6iBYyUKnrBgmJ2JzIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1323941319059578971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Variable assignment and statistical description

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名赋值频数占比(%)
性别女=01 35752.3
男=11 23447.6
居住地类型农村=01 87972.5
城市=171227.4
年龄(岁)≥60~70=096537.24
≥70~120=11 62662.75
是否吸烟否=01 98176.4
是=161023.5
文化程度文盲=062924.2
小学以下=148418.6
小学及小学以上=21 47857.0
婚姻状态无伴侣=047118.1
有伴侣=12 12081.8
是否喝酒否=01 75167.5
是=184032.4
是否吸烟否=01 98176.4
是=161023.5
疼痛否=090735
是=11 68464.9
是否午睡否=089534.5
是=11 69665.4
睡眠时长(h)<6=098437.9
≥6=11 60762
锻炼情况否=01 23047.4
是=11 36152.5
社交活动否=01 24648
是=11 34551.9
是否有养老金否=01 96575.8
是=162624.1
是否对婚姻满意否=052220.1
是=12 06979.8
是否对子女满意否=01325
是=12 45994.9
), ArticleFig(id=1323941319122493532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

变量赋值及统计描述

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名赋值频数占比(%)
性别女=01 35752.3
男=11 23447.6
居住地类型农村=01 87972.5
城市=171227.4
年龄(岁)≥60~70=096537.24
≥70~120=11 62662.75
是否吸烟否=01 98176.4
是=161023.5
文化程度文盲=062924.2
小学以下=148418.6
小学及小学以上=21 47857.0
婚姻状态无伴侣=047118.1
有伴侣=12 12081.8
是否喝酒否=01 75167.5
是=184032.4
是否吸烟否=01 98176.4
是=161023.5
疼痛否=090735
是=11 68464.9
是否午睡否=089534.5
是=11 69665.4
睡眠时长(h)<6=098437.9
≥6=11 60762
锻炼情况否=01 23047.4
是=11 36152.5
社交活动否=01 24648
是=11 34551.9
是否有养老金否=01 96575.8
是=162624.1
是否对婚姻满意否=052220.1
是=12 06979.8
是否对子女满意否=01325
是=12 45994.9
), ArticleFig(id=1323941319197991005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Fit indices for latent profile models of elderly patients with hypertension

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间模型AICBIC熵值n_minn_maxBLAT(P)
Wave 3294 358.4394 434.470.830.230.770.01
394 099.4394 828.130.720.210.550.01
493 846.5493 980.860.760.120.480.01
593 909.6394 074.950.570.100.380.26
Wave 4294 934.3695 010.540.790.260.740.01
394 672.7194 778.180.810.080.690.01
494 395.7794 530.550.720.100.430.01
594 561.0794 725.140.630.020.530.01
), ArticleFig(id=1323941319277682782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1323941303255441414, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

老年人高血压患者LPA模型的拟合指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间模型AICBIC熵值n_minn_maxBLAT(P)
Wave 3294 358.4394 434.470.830.230.770.01
394 099.4394 828.130.720.210.550.01
493 846.5493 980.860.760.120.480.01
593 909.6394 074.950.570.100.380.26
Wave 4294 934.3695 010.540.790.260.740.01
394 672.7194 778.180.810.080.690.01
494 395.7794 530.550.720.100.430.01
594 561.0794 725.140.630.020.530.01
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基于潜在转变模型的老年高血压患者健康状态转变分析
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姬冰霞 1, 2 , 杨婕 2, 5 , 王桐桐 1, 2 , 张晓英 3 , 李靓 4 , 闫娟娟 2 , 张岩波 1, 2, 4
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(23): 4243-4249
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2025 , 52 (23) : 4243 -4249
基于潜在转变模型的老年高血压患者健康状态转变分析
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姬冰霞1, 2, 杨婕2, 5, 王桐桐1, 2, 张晓英3, 李靓4, 闫娟娟2, 张岩波1, 2, 4
作者信息
  • 1.山西中医药大学护理学院,山西 太原 030619
  • 2.山西中医药大学健康服务与管理学院,山西 太原 030619
  • 3.山西省针灸医院
  • 4.山西医科大学重大疾病风险评估山西省重点实验室,山西 太原 030001
  • 5.山西中医药大学分子中医药学国家级国际联合研究中心中医脑病学山西省重点实验室
通讯作者:
张岩波,E-mail:
作者简介:

姬冰霞(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:内科护理

Changes in health status in elderly patients with hypertension via latent transition analysis
Bing-xia JI1, 2, Jie YANG2, 5, Tong-tong WANG1, 2, Xiao-ying ZHANG3, Jing LI4, Juan-juan YAN2, Yan-bo ZHANG1, 2, 4
Affiliations
  • School of Nursing, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030619, China
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504139
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目的

探索中国老年高血压患者的健康状态潜在亚组及其驱动因素,为制定针对性的健康管理策略提供科学依据。

方法

基于Harmonized 中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)数据中的Wave 3和Wave 4,以老年高血压患者的身体状况、心理状况和生活质量三个维度评估其健康状态,使用潜在剖面分析解析老年高血压患者群体的健康状态潜在亚组;通过潜在类别转移模型分析各亚组的时间变化规律;在此基础上利用logistic回归与决策树模型进一步研究影响潜在亚组转变的关键因素。

结果

老年高血压患者健康状态存在四个潜在亚组:综合适应良好组、多维功能失调组、低积极情感驱动组和高消极情感敏感组;综合适应良好组稳定性最强(61.4%),多维功能失调组最不稳定(4.10%);性别、教育程度、婚姻状态、是否午睡、是否体育锻炼、是否参加社交活动睡眠时长、是否对子女和婚姻满意对亚组转变的影响具有统计学意义。

结论

老年高血压患者的健康状态存在明显异质性,需实施差异化干预策略。重点关注独居、文化程度较低的女性老年患者,鼓励患者适当睡眠,积极参加体育锻炼和社交活动,通过增强社会支持、促进社区参与及优化心理健康服务,全面提升该人群的生活质量。

老年人  /  高血压  /  健康状态  /  潜在类别转移分析  /  潜在剖面分析
Objective

This study aims to identify latent subtypes of Chinese elderly patients with hypertension based on their health profiles, analyze underlying driving factors and provide scientific evidence for developing targeted health management strategies.

Methods

Using two waves (Wave 3 and Wave 4) of Harmonized CHARLS data, this study assessed the health status of Chinese elderly patients with hypertension across three dimensions, including physical condition, psychological condition and quality of life. Latent profile analysis identified health status subtypes, latent transition analysis explored inter-subtype transitions over time. Based on this, logistic regression and decision tree models were used to further investigate the key factors influencing the latent subtype transitions.

Results

Four health status subtypes were identified: Comprehensive well-adapted,Multidimensional dysfunction, Low positive affect-driven, and High negative affect-sensitive. The Comprehensive well-adapted subtype had the highest stability (61.4%), while the Multidimensional dysfunction subtype had the lowest (4.10%). Gender,education, marital status, afternoon napping, physical exercise, social participation, sleep duration, and satisfaction with children and marriage were significantly associated with subtype transitions.

Conclusion

Elderly hypertensive patients exhibit high health status heterogeneity, necessitating targeted interventions. Priority should be given to solitary-living older women with lower education, and to promoting adequate sleep, physical exercise, and social engagement. Improved social support,community involvement and mental health services can enhance their quality of life.

Older adults  /  Hypertension  /  Health status  /  Latent transition analysis  /  Latent profile analysis
姬冰霞, 杨婕, 王桐桐, 张晓英, 李靓, 闫娟娟, 张岩波. 基于潜在转变模型的老年高血压患者健康状态转变分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (23) : 4243 -4249 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504139
Bing-xia JI, Jie YANG, Tong-tong WANG, Xiao-ying ZHANG, Jing LI, Juan-juan YAN, Yan-bo ZHANG. Changes in health status in elderly patients with hypertension via latent transition analysis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (23) : 4243 -4249 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504139
我国老年高血压患病率显著上升,1991—2015年40~59岁和60~79岁人群分别增长87.4%和25.1%[1]。高血压是心脑血管疾病、肾衰等严重并发症的主要诱因,并导致约6%~30%的患者出现焦虑、抑郁等心理问题[2]。《“十四五”国家老龄事业发展规划》强调需建立涵盖心理、社会维度的老年健康评估体系[3]。因此,基于全面健康理念,探索老年高血压患者的生物-心理-社会多维健康评估范式及其影响因素至关重要。
现有研究探讨了睡眠障碍[4]、用药依从性[5]、合并症[6]等对高血压患者身体健康的影响,以及抑郁、地区差异[7]对心理健康的影响,以上研究结果具有很强的现实意义,但仍不足之处。现有文献多从疾病控制视角分析,缺乏多维健康评估范式;且侧重群体共性,忽视个体差异。同时依赖横截面数据,未体现健康状态动态变化。本文基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)数据,从身体、心理与生活质量三维度评估老年高血压患者健康状态,采用潜在剖面分析(latent profile analysis,LPA)和潜在转移分析(latent transition analysis,LTA)构建健康状态潜在亚组并分析其转变规律,进一步通过logistic回归与决策树模型识别亚组转变的关键影响因素,为精准化管理提供依据。
CHARLS是一项大规模、基于中老年人群的横断面调查,样本覆盖全国28个省(自治区、直辖市)的150个县、450个社区(村)。本研究使用Harmonized CHARLS数据进行分析,调查数据经北京大学伦理审查委员会批准(No.irb00001052-11015)。
纳入准则:(1)60岁及以上;(2)高血压患者通过“是否有医生曾经告诉过您患有高血压病?”,Harmonized CHARLS数据中r3hibpe和r4hibpe来获取;(3)完成Wave 3、Wave 4两期随访;(4)随访数据完整。排除标准:剔除性别、年龄、教育水平、居住地、吸烟史、饮酒史、疼痛、睡眠时长、是否午睡、锻炼情况、社交活动、是否有养老金、婚姻满意度、子女满意度、健康自评、抑郁量表得分研究变量存在缺失的样本,最终纳入2 591例高血压患者。
采用健康自评的问题评分,包含从“非常好”到“非常不好”5个选项,采用反向计分1~5分。
采用CESD-10抑郁量表评分。该量表共两个维度十个问题,采用4-point制,其中负面情绪(depressed affect)维度采用正向计分(1、2、3、5、6、7、8、10),积极情绪(positive affect)维度采用反向记分(4、9),共计30分。两次随访中,CESD-10的Cronbach α系数分别是0.847、0.857。
采用生活满意度的问题评分,从“对一切都不满意”到“对一切都很满意”对应1~5分。
由于身体状况、心理状况和生活质量三个维度的分值范围不同,我们将数据按照以下公式将其缩放到[0,100]之间:
其中,maxi是指该项测量指标的最高分,mini是指该项测量指标的最低分,xi是指在该项测量指标的得分。
协变量包括性别、婚姻、教育、吸烟史、喝酒史、疼痛、睡眠时长、是否午睡、锻炼情况、社交活动、是否有养老金、对婚姻满意度、对子女满意度,具体变量赋值见表1。
使用R 4.3.1构建LPA和LTA模型。模型拟合评价指标包括赤池信息准则(Akaike information citerion,AIC)、贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criterion,BIC)、多重采样似然比检验(bootstrap likelihood ratio test,BLRT)和熵值。AIC、BIC 值越小,熵值越大,表明分类越优;P<0.05则表明k类模型优于k-1类模型[8]。采用SPSS 25.0进行多元logistic回归分析协变量对亚组转变的影响。以保持原组为参照,OR>1表示被试发生该转变的概率增加,OR<1表示倾向保留原组,检验水准具有统计学意义。并利用R 4.3.1构建决策树模型(SMOTE算法平衡数据),预测协变量对Wave 4 亚组转换的影响。
Wave 3中60岁及60岁以上的高血压患者4 809例,完成Wave 4追踪数据4 756例,排除不完整数据后,最终纳入2 591例,基线数据见表1。
LTA分析要求各时间点数据一致。本文通过Harman单因素检验分析两时间点数据,单因子解释变异均未超过40%(20.03%、23.74%),表明无明显共同方法偏差。
表2显示Wave 3中老年人高血压患者潜在剖面模型的AIC、BIC值随类别数增加而降低,5类时虽最低但熵值不佳;4类时BLRT的P值显著(P<0.001)且熵值较高,拟合最佳。Wave 4中AIC、BIC值变化趋势与Wave 3一致,4类时达最低且熵值较高,分类理想。图1显示两者4类潜在类别剖面图趋势相同。故本研究采用4类别模型。
图2中sat(生活质量)、hea(身体状况)得分越高状态越好;积极情绪越高表示积极情绪越缺乏,负面情绪越高表示负面情绪越高。4类模型分类中一类sat、hea最高,积极情绪、负面情绪最低(图2A-3线、图2B-2线),命名为“综合适应良好组”,简称CW组;二类sat、hea最低,积极情绪、负面情绪最高(图2A-2线、图2B-1线),命名为“多维度功能失调组”,简称MD组;三类sat、hea居中,负面情绪低、积极情绪高(图2A-4线、图2B-4线),命名为“低积极情感驱动组”,简称LP组;四类sat、hea居中,积极情绪低、负面情绪高(图2A-1线、图2B-3线),命名为“高消极情感敏感组”,简称HN组。
图2显示Wave 3至Wave 4老年高血压患者潜在亚组转变结果:CW组稳定性最高,保持在原组概率为61.04%,MD组稳定性最差,概率为4.10%;最易转变是CW组向LP组,最罕见转变为MD组向CW组。
以性别等作为协变量,以潜在类别转换作为因变量,以保持原潜在类别作为参照组,进行多元logistic回归,结果见图3。
图3A中疼痛患者更易从CW组转向MD组(OR=1.215,95% CI:1.152~1.369);教育程度高者更易停留于CW组(OR=0.654,95% CI:0.541~0.749);睡眠≥6h(OR=0.823,95% CI:0.742~0.902)及午睡患者(OR=0.716,95% CI:0.623~0.824)较难从CW转向MD。图3B中饮酒者更易保留在MD组(OR=0.625, 95% CI:0.47~0.831;OR=0.586,95% CI:0.496~0.869)。图3C中对子女、婚姻满意度高及有养老金者更易从LP组转向CW组(OR=2.477,95% CI:1.474~2.714;OR=2.466,95% CI:1.661~2.905;OR=1.292,95% CI: 1.124~1.358)。图3D中参与社会交往者更易从HN组转向CW组(OR=1.259,95% CI:1.093~1.598)。
图4A显示,子女满意度是转向CW组的首要影响因素,睡眠<6h者身心状态更佳,饮酒者较差。图4B中婚姻满意度是转向MD组的关键因素,是否午睡及吸烟影响亦显著。图4C中性别是转向LP组的最大影响因素,城市年龄较小女性患者更易缺乏积极情绪。图4D中年龄和性别是转向HN组的主要因素,年龄较小患者及男性身心状态更好。
随着临床心理医学模式发展,老年高血压患者健康状态愈发受关注。本研究发现其存在四个潜在亚组:综合适应良好组、多维功能失调组、低积极情感驱动组及高消极情感敏感组。性别、教育程度、婚姻状态、是否午睡、对子女及婚姻的满意度、是否参与体育锻炼和社会交往对亚组转变的影响具有统计学意义。
本研究发现,老年高血压患者四个身心潜在亚组生活质量得分较高,但情绪波动显著,心理状态是核心调节因素[9]。焦虑抑郁与高血压存在双向互作[10],且老年期身心与社会功能的丧失会降低患者幸福感[11]。因此,高血压防治需药物与心理干预结合,建议在健康教育中增加心理社会评估与指导,以提升患者生存质量。亚组转移分析显示,CW组稳定性最高,HN组最不稳定;最易发生CW组向LP组转变,最罕见MD组向CW组转变。研究提示患者普遍心理弹性差、缺乏积极情绪,建议基于心理弹性的压力缓冲机制,通过正向心理干预增强其心理弹性,以改善生活质量[12]。
本研究发现女性、低文化程度、独居、吸烟及饮酒是老年高血压患者保留在较差亚组的风险因素。女性更易受负面情绪影响,降低疾病信心;低文化程度患者服药依从性差,延缓病情控制;农村独居老人因社会支持薄弱易产生“无能无用感”,且农村面临“未富先老”困境[13-14]。吸烟通过炎症介质、氧化应激及内皮损伤等途径诱发心血管病变[15],最终影响高血压的发生发展,进而对患者身心产生严重的影响。饮酒则通过激活交感神经和RAAS系统等机制升高血压[16]。建议针对农村独居、低学历女性患者,以村/家庭为单位开展心理护理与健康宣教,同时强化控烟限酒宣传以降低行为风险。
本研究发现睡眠时长≥6 h的高血压患者更易留在MD组。睡眠时长与健康呈倒U型关系[17],适度睡眠对维持中老年人健康至关重要。过长睡眠可能通过增加炎性生物标志物影响健康,炎症可改变海马体结构并扰乱神经递质传导,进而损害睡眠质量、加剧昼夜节律紊乱,最终导致认知功能下降[18],进而影响身心。午睡有助于患者保留在CW组。60岁及以上人群的午睡时长与健康状态呈正向关联,这可能因老年人常存在睡眠碎片化及早醒现象,午睡可补偿夜间睡眠不足。
社会交往与体育锻炼均有助于患者维持在CW组。社会参与通过强化支持网络与提升生命意义感,降低孤独抑郁风险。体育锻炼通过神经生物学通路减轻抑郁症状,或者通过减弱下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴对应激的反应来缓解抑郁,主要包括内啡肽假说、单胺类递质假说以及运动抗抑郁作用的神经营养因子假说[19]。上述生理变化符合进化适应的内环境需求,从而产生积极心理效益。
本研究基于CHARLS数据探究老年高血压患者健康状况及影响因素,为其日常管理提供针对性建议,具有现实意义。但存在局限:(1)睡眠时长仅分≥6 h和<6 h,分类过大致偏倚;(2)直接剔除缺失数据产生偏倚。未来需细化睡眠分层,并用贝叶斯框架处理缺失值。
  • 国家自然科学基金(81872714)
  • 山西省基础研究计划青年项目(20210302124393)
  • 山西省卫生健康委员会中医药创新团队项目(zyytd 2024025)
  • 山西省中医药管理局项目(2024ZYYAD007)
  • 山西中医药大学博士科研启动基金(2023BK57)
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2025年第52卷第23期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202504139
  • 接收时间:2025-04-12
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-12
基金
国家自然科学基金(81872714)
山西省基础研究计划青年项目(20210302124393)
山西省卫生健康委员会中医药创新团队项目(zyytd 2024025)
山西省中医药管理局项目(2024ZYYAD007)
山西中医药大学博士科研启动基金(2023BK57)
作者信息
    1.山西中医药大学护理学院,山西 太原 030619
    2.山西中医药大学健康服务与管理学院,山西 太原 030619
    3.山西省针灸医院
    4.山西医科大学重大疾病风险评估山西省重点实验室,山西 太原 030001
    5.山西中医药大学分子中医药学国家级国际联合研究中心中医脑病学山西省重点实验室

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
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