Article(id=1240722572904550679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503562, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743264000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773740912891, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773740912891, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773740912891, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740912891, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240722566957027366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='19', pageStart='3457', pageEnd='3648', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773740911472, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773740981732, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240722861736906837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240722566957027366, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3457, endPage=3463, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240722573277843760, articleId=1240722572904550679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Trends in the burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity from 1990 to 2021 in China, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To analyze the changes in the disease burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control strategies for stroke. Methods Data on mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for stroke attributable to low physical activity in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The disease burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity in China was analyzed by gender and age group from 1990 to 2021. The Joinpoint regression model was utilized to analyze the trends in disease burden. Results From 1990 to 2021, the number of deaths, mortality rates, YLLs, YLLs rates,YLDs, YLDs rates, DALYs, and DALYs rates attributable to low physical activity in China showed an upward trend, with increases of 129.80%, 90.48%, 97.39%, 63.26%, 216.74%, 162.17%, 112.94%, and 76.05%, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rate, age-standardized YLLs rate, and age-standardized DALYs rate showed a downward trend, with decreases of 20.14%, 25.68%, and 18.75%,respectively, while the age-standardized YLDs rate has increased by 18.26% compared to 1990. Joinpoint regression analysis results indicated that the average annual percent change (AAPC) for the age-standardized mortality rate, age-standardized YLLs rate, age-standardized DALYs rate, and age-standardized YLDs rate attributable to low physical activity from 1990 to 2021 were-0.72%, -0.96%, -0.68%, and 0.92%, respectively. Gender-stratified analysis revealed that in 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate, age-standardized YLLs rate, and age-standardized DALYs rate attributable to low physical activity were higher in males than in females. Meanwhile, the decline in the age-standardized mortality rate, age-standardized YLLs rate, and age-standardized DALYs rate attributable to low physical activity was more rapid in females compared to males. Age-stratified results indicated that the disease burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity increased with age but showed a trend toward affecting younger individuals. Conclusion The disease burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity in China remains substantial, indicating a need for targeted and comprehensive prevention and control measures, particularly for key populations such as the elderly, males, and middle-aged and young adults.

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目的 分析1990—2021年中国归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中疾病负担变化情况,为制定脑卒中的防控策略提供科学依据。方法 从2021年全球疾病负担数据库中提取1990—2021年中国归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中死亡、早死损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)、伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLDs)和伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)数据,分性别、年龄组分析1990—2021年中国归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中疾病负担,并利用joinpoint回归模型分析疾病负担的变化趋势。结果 1990—2021年中国归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中死亡人数与死亡率、YLLs与YLLs率、YLDs与YLDs率、DALYs与DALYs率呈上升趋势,增幅分别为129.80%与90.48%、97.39%与63.26%、216.74%与162.17%、112.94%与76.05%;标化死亡率、标化YLLs率和标化DALYs率呈下降趋势,降幅分别为20.14%、25.68%和18.75%,而标化YLDs率与1990年相比上升18.26%。Joinpoint回归结果显示,1990—2021年归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中标化死亡率、标化YLLs率、标化DALYs率、标化YLDs率的平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change, AAPC)分别为-0.72%、-0.96%、-0.68%和0.92%。性别分层分析发现,2021年男性归因于身体活动不足的标化死亡率、标化YLLs率和标化DALYs率高于女性,而女性归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中标化死亡率、标化YLLs率、标化DALYs率的下降速度快于男性。年龄分层结果显示,归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中疾病负担随年龄的增长而增加,但有年轻化趋势。结论 中国归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中疾病负担仍然沉重,应针对老年人、男性、中青年等重点人群采取精准预防。

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蔡少华,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=MqmhKy/sGA4+txl2R43yfg==, magXml=QG4CwrKYP5ZsYYc+eQ2UfQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=y8XhzsH3RpF98Hdq+3VVng==, pdfFileSize=865864, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=R1KQgb0Gqp5pJk7S7JpJNg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=qfO4LmGlxpkhFn8mTc3wVQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

谭萍芬(1975—),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:卫生管理

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articleId=1240722572904550679, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=脑卒中), Keyword(id=1240933500669448844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=疾病负担), Keyword(id=1240933500791083667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=变化趋势)], refs=[Reference(id=1240933502154232555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=WHO, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WHO. 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JAMA Netw Open, 2020, 3(12): e209743., articleTitle=Assessment of prevalence,awareness, and characteristics of isolated systolic hypertension among younger and Middle-Aged adults in China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240933501931934430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, awardId=72064022, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金委员会项目(72064022), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240933498832343587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240933498840732195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, companyId=1240933498832343587, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Health Management Teaching and Research Office, School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240933498849120805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, companyId=1240933498832343587, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.江西中医药大学经济与管理学院卫生管理教研室,江西 南昌 330004)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240933498949784107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240933498953978413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, companyId=1240933498949784107, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.江西中医药大学大健康发展研究院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240933501017576096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Trends in the disease burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity in China from 1990 to 2021, figureFileSmall=vmQb+fWWJwLiIJV4kBc/uQ==, figureFileBig=ieaUdnT0yP9GEBvwd0z0PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933501139210921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, language=CN, label=图1, caption=1990—2021年中国归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担变化趋势

注:图A为分性别标化死亡率变化趋势;图B为分性别标化YLLs率变化趋势;图C为分性别标化YLDs率变化趋势;图D为分性别标化DALYs率变化趋势。

, figureFileSmall=vmQb+fWWJwLiIJV4kBc/uQ==, figureFileBig=ieaUdnT0yP9GEBvwd0z0PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240933501306983094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sex-specific disease burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity in China in 1990 and 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标年份(年)合计
死亡人数1990(万)0.851.131.98
2021(万)2.302.254.55
变化率(%)170.5999.12129.80
死亡率1990(/10万)1.411.981.68
2021(/10万)3.153.243.20
变化率(%)123.4063.6490.48
标化死亡率1990(/10万)2.763.002.88
2021(/10万)2.622.082.30
变化率(%)-5.07-30.67-20.14
YLLs1990(万人年)19.6524.7744.42
2021(万人年)45.4942.1987.68
变化率(%)131.5070.3397.39
YLLs率1990(/10万)32.3843.4837.75
2021(/10万)62.4760.7461.63
变化率(%)92.9339.7063.26
标化YLLs率1990(/10万)52.5059.3755.89
2021(/10万)46.2837.8541.54
变化率(%)-11.85-36.25-25.68
YLDs1990(万人年)2.294.336.63
2021(万人年)8.0812.9221.00
变化率(%)252.84198.38216.74
YLDs率1990(/10万)3.787.615.63
2021(/10万)11.1018.6014.76
变化率(%)193.65144.42162.17
标化YLDs率1990(/10万)5.499.297.34
2021(/10万)7.7111.929.84
变化率(%)25.5813.8118.26
DALYs1990(万人年)21.9429.1051.04
2021(万人年)53.5755.11108.68
变化率(%)144.17120.84112.94
DALYs率1990(/10万)36.1651.0943.39
2021(/10万)73.5879.3476.39
变化率(%)103.4855.2976.05
标化DALYs率1990(/10万)57.9968.6663.24
2021(/10万)54.0049.7751.38
变化率(%)-7.39-27.51-18.75
), ArticleFig(id=1240933501579612865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990与2021年中国不同性别归因于LPA的脑卒中病疾病负担

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标年份(年)合计
死亡人数1990(万)0.851.131.98
2021(万)2.302.254.55
变化率(%)170.5999.12129.80
死亡率1990(/10万)1.411.981.68
2021(/10万)3.153.243.20
变化率(%)123.4063.6490.48
标化死亡率1990(/10万)2.763.002.88
2021(/10万)2.622.082.30
变化率(%)-5.07-30.67-20.14
YLLs1990(万人年)19.6524.7744.42
2021(万人年)45.4942.1987.68
变化率(%)131.5070.3397.39
YLLs率1990(/10万)32.3843.4837.75
2021(/10万)62.4760.7461.63
变化率(%)92.9339.7063.26
标化YLLs率1990(/10万)52.5059.3755.89
2021(/10万)46.2837.8541.54
变化率(%)-11.85-36.25-25.68
YLDs1990(万人年)2.294.336.63
2021(万人年)8.0812.9221.00
变化率(%)252.84198.38216.74
YLDs率1990(/10万)3.787.615.63
2021(/10万)11.1018.6014.76
变化率(%)193.65144.42162.17
标化YLDs率1990(/10万)5.499.297.34
2021(/10万)7.7111.929.84
变化率(%)25.5813.8118.26
DALYs1990(万人年)21.9429.1051.04
2021(万人年)53.5755.11108.68
变化率(%)144.17120.84112.94
DALYs率1990(/10万)36.1651.0943.39
2021(/10万)73.5879.3476.39
变化率(%)103.4855.2976.05
标化DALYs率1990(/10万)57.9968.6663.24
2021(/10万)54.0049.7751.38
变化率(%)-7.39-27.51-18.75
), ArticleFig(id=1240933501659304648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Age-specific trends in the burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity in China from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)指标1990年2021年变化率(%)AAPC(%)
25~49死亡人数(万)0.070.0816.670.49a
死亡率(/10万)0.100.1220.000.54a
YLLs(万人年)3.143.6114.970.42a
YLLs率(/10万)4.715.4415.500.47a
YLDs(万人年)1.662.6459.041.51a
YLDs率(/10万)2.493.9859.841.52a
DALYs(万人年)4.806.2530.210.86a
DALYs率(/10万)7.209.4230.830.89a
50~69死亡人数(万)0.801.3062.501.60a
死亡率(/10万)5.203.43-34.04-1.34a
YLLs(万人年)22.8336.4659.701.55a
YLLs率(/10万)148.5595.82-35.50-1.41a
YLDs(万人年)3.1810.50230.193.92a
YLDs率(/10万)20.6927.6133.450.91a
DALYs(万人年)26.0146.9680.551.93a
DALYs率(/10万)169.24123.42-27.07-1.03a
≥70死亡人数(万)1.113.17185.593.43a
死亡率(/10万)29.7026.56-10.57-0.34a
YLLs(万人年)18.4447.61158.193.10a
YLLs率(/10万)491.45399.08-18.80-0.66a
YLDs(万人年)1.797.86339.114.82a
YLDs率(/10万)47.6365.8638.271.03a
DALYs(万人年)20.2355.47174.203.29a
DALYs率(/10万)539.07464.94-13.75-0.48a
), ArticleFig(id=1240933501755773647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240722572904550679, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1990—2021年中国不同年龄组归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担及其变化趋势

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄(岁)指标1990年2021年变化率(%)AAPC(%)
25~49死亡人数(万)0.070.0816.670.49a
死亡率(/10万)0.100.1220.000.54a
YLLs(万人年)3.143.6114.970.42a
YLLs率(/10万)4.715.4415.500.47a
YLDs(万人年)1.662.6459.041.51a
YLDs率(/10万)2.493.9859.841.52a
DALYs(万人年)4.806.2530.210.86a
DALYs率(/10万)7.209.4230.830.89a
50~69死亡人数(万)0.801.3062.501.60a
死亡率(/10万)5.203.43-34.04-1.34a
YLLs(万人年)22.8336.4659.701.55a
YLLs率(/10万)148.5595.82-35.50-1.41a
YLDs(万人年)3.1810.50230.193.92a
YLDs率(/10万)20.6927.6133.450.91a
DALYs(万人年)26.0146.9680.551.93a
DALYs率(/10万)169.24123.42-27.07-1.03a
≥70死亡人数(万)1.113.17185.593.43a
死亡率(/10万)29.7026.56-10.57-0.34a
YLLs(万人年)18.4447.61158.193.10a
YLLs率(/10万)491.45399.08-18.80-0.66a
YLDs(万人年)1.797.86339.114.82a
YLDs率(/10万)47.6365.8638.271.03a
DALYs(万人年)20.2355.47174.203.29a
DALYs率(/10万)539.07464.94-13.75-0.48a
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1990—2021年中国归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中疾病负担变化趋势分析
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谭萍芬 1 , 蔡少华 1 , 王军永 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(19): 3457-3463
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(19): 3457-3463
1990—2021年中国归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中疾病负担变化趋势分析
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谭萍芬1, 蔡少华1 , 王军永2
作者信息
  • 1.江西中医药大学经济与管理学院卫生管理教研室,江西 南昌 330004
  • 2.江西中医药大学大健康发展研究院
  • 谭萍芬(1975—),女,硕士,副教授,研究方向:卫生管理

通讯作者:

蔡少华,E-mail:
Trends in the burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity from 1990 to 2021 in China
Ping-fen TAN1, Shao-hua CAI1 , Jun-yong WANG2
Affiliations
  • Health Management Teaching and Research Office, School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503562
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目的 分析1990—2021年中国归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中疾病负担变化情况,为制定脑卒中的防控策略提供科学依据。方法 从2021年全球疾病负担数据库中提取1990—2021年中国归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中死亡、早死损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)、伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLDs)和伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life years,DALYs)数据,分性别、年龄组分析1990—2021年中国归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中疾病负担,并利用joinpoint回归模型分析疾病负担的变化趋势。结果 1990—2021年中国归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中死亡人数与死亡率、YLLs与YLLs率、YLDs与YLDs率、DALYs与DALYs率呈上升趋势,增幅分别为129.80%与90.48%、97.39%与63.26%、216.74%与162.17%、112.94%与76.05%;标化死亡率、标化YLLs率和标化DALYs率呈下降趋势,降幅分别为20.14%、25.68%和18.75%,而标化YLDs率与1990年相比上升18.26%。Joinpoint回归结果显示,1990—2021年归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中标化死亡率、标化YLLs率、标化DALYs率、标化YLDs率的平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change, AAPC)分别为-0.72%、-0.96%、-0.68%和0.92%。性别分层分析发现,2021年男性归因于身体活动不足的标化死亡率、标化YLLs率和标化DALYs率高于女性,而女性归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中标化死亡率、标化YLLs率、标化DALYs率的下降速度快于男性。年龄分层结果显示,归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中疾病负担随年龄的增长而增加,但有年轻化趋势。结论 中国归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中疾病负担仍然沉重,应针对老年人、男性、中青年等重点人群采取精准预防。

身体活动不足  /  脑卒中  /  疾病负担  /  变化趋势

Objective To analyze the changes in the disease burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control strategies for stroke. Methods Data on mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for stroke attributable to low physical activity in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The disease burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity in China was analyzed by gender and age group from 1990 to 2021. The Joinpoint regression model was utilized to analyze the trends in disease burden. Results From 1990 to 2021, the number of deaths, mortality rates, YLLs, YLLs rates,YLDs, YLDs rates, DALYs, and DALYs rates attributable to low physical activity in China showed an upward trend, with increases of 129.80%, 90.48%, 97.39%, 63.26%, 216.74%, 162.17%, 112.94%, and 76.05%, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rate, age-standardized YLLs rate, and age-standardized DALYs rate showed a downward trend, with decreases of 20.14%, 25.68%, and 18.75%,respectively, while the age-standardized YLDs rate has increased by 18.26% compared to 1990. Joinpoint regression analysis results indicated that the average annual percent change (AAPC) for the age-standardized mortality rate, age-standardized YLLs rate, age-standardized DALYs rate, and age-standardized YLDs rate attributable to low physical activity from 1990 to 2021 were-0.72%, -0.96%, -0.68%, and 0.92%, respectively. Gender-stratified analysis revealed that in 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate, age-standardized YLLs rate, and age-standardized DALYs rate attributable to low physical activity were higher in males than in females. Meanwhile, the decline in the age-standardized mortality rate, age-standardized YLLs rate, and age-standardized DALYs rate attributable to low physical activity was more rapid in females compared to males. Age-stratified results indicated that the disease burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity increased with age but showed a trend toward affecting younger individuals. Conclusion The disease burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity in China remains substantial, indicating a need for targeted and comprehensive prevention and control measures, particularly for key populations such as the elderly, males, and middle-aged and young adults.

Low physical activity  /  Stroke  /  Burden of disease  /  Trends YLLs
谭萍芬, 蔡少华, 王军永. 1990—2021年中国归因于身体活动不足的脑卒中疾病负担变化趋势分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3457 -3463 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503562
Ping-fen TAN, Shao-hua CAI, Jun-yong WANG. Trends in the burden of stroke attributable to low physical activity from 1990 to 2021 in China[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (19) : 3457 -3463 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503562
身体活动不足(low physical activity,LPA)一般指缺乏身体活动或锻炼[1]。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)调查显示,LPA已成为全球继高血压、抽烟、高血糖之后的第四大死亡风险因素。大量研究表明,LPA是心血管疾病、糖尿病、精神健康障碍和失能等慢性非传染性疾病的危险因素[2-5]。据估计,全球LPA的患病率为27.5%[6],而我国成年人身体活动达标率仅为22.8%[7]。作为脑卒中的主要危险因素之一,全球归因于LPA的脑卒中死亡人数与伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life years, DALYs)均呈上升趋势[8]。2019年,全球归因于LPA的脑卒中死亡人数与DALYs分别为8.8万人、435.5万人年,而中国归因于LPA的脑卒中死亡人数与 DALYs分别为3.8万人、65.59万人年,居全球第一位[8]。然而,当前我国对归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担的研究较少,现有研究多是针对单一地区归因于LPA的疾病负担进行了评估[9],或是对所有危险因素归因于脑卒中的疾病负担进行了分析[10],归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担的分析仅是作为其中提及的一小部分。因此,迫切需要对我国归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担进行系统评估。据此,本研究基于2021年全球疾病负担研究(Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,GBD 2021)数据,对我国归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担及其变化趋势分性别、年龄进行系统评估,从而为脑卒中预防和管理策略的制定提供参考。
数据来自于美国华盛顿大学医学院健康计量和评价研究所(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation,IHME)官网于2024年5月16日发布的最新数据GBD 2021[11-12]。本研究提取中国1990—2021年25岁及以上人群归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担数据。检索策略:以“脑卒中”为研究疾病,“LPA”为危险因素,“率、人数”为衡量尺度,“死亡、YLLs、YLDs与DALYs”为研究指标,“中国”为位置,“1990—2021”为年份,“男性、女性、合计”为性别,“全部、年龄标准化、25~49岁、50~69岁、≥70岁”为年龄组。GBD 2021数据库遵循ICD-9和ICD-10疾病编码,脑卒中编码为430-435.9, 437.0-437.2,437.5-437.8(ICD-9);G45-G46.8,I60-I63.9,I65-I66.9,I67.0-I67.3,I67.5-I67.6,I68.1-I68.2,I69.0-I69.3(ICD-10)。所有数据均可在:https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/上获得。
GBD 2021中LPA指平均体力活动<3 000~4 500MET-min/周,包含生活的所有领域(休闲/娱乐、工作、家务和交通)[12]。选择死亡人数与死亡率、早死损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLLs)与YLLs率、伤残损失寿命年(year lived with disability,YLDs)与YLDs率、DALYs与DALYs率,以及基于GBD标准人口计算的年龄标化死亡率、年龄标化YLLs率、年龄标化YLDs率、年龄标化DALYs率为分析指标,分性别、年龄系统描述我国归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担。其中DALYs指病人从发病到死亡所损失的全部健康寿命年,包括YLLs和YLDs,即 DALYs=YLLs+YLDs[13]。采用年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)和平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent change,AAPC)分析1990—2021年不同性别、不同年龄组人群归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担变化趋势。
GBD 2021数据采用反事实分析法,假设其他危险因素暴露水平不变,比较特定人群(不同年龄、性别)LPA的暴露分布与理论最小风险暴露分布,计算出特定人群中LPA导致的疾病负担占总疾病负担的比例,即人群归因分值(PAF)[12],计算公式为:
其中Pi表示人群在第i层暴露水平中的比例,RRi表示第i层暴露水平相对于理论最小风险暴露水平的风险比。而归因于LPA的脑卒中DALYs则为脑卒中总DALYs与PAF的乘积。
采用Excel 2016软件对1990—2021年中国归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担数据进行提取和整理,使用 Joinpoint 4.9.0.1软件分性别计算归因于LPA的脑卒中年龄标化死亡率、年龄标化率、年龄标化YLDs率、年龄标化DALYs率的AAPC和APC,分年龄组计算不同年龄组死亡人数与死亡率、YLLs与YLLs率、YLDs与YLDs率、DALYs与DALYs率、年龄标化死亡率、年龄标化YLLs率、年龄标化YLDs率、年龄标化DALYs率的AAPC。并采用t检验进行趋势检验,检验水准为 α=0.05。其中,APC/AAPC>0表示疾病负担呈上升趋势,而APC/AAPC<0则表示呈下降趋势[14]
2021年中国归因于LPA的脑卒中死亡人数、死亡率分别为4.55万、3.20/10万,较1990年分别上升129.80%、90.48%;YLLs与YLLs率分别为87.68万人年、61.63/10万,较1990年分别上升97.39%、63.26%;YLDs与YLDs率分别为21.00万人年、14.76/10万,较1990年分别上升216.74%、162.17%;DALYs与DALYs率分别为108.68万人年、76.39/10万,较1990年分别上升112.94%、76.05%;标化死亡率、标化YLLs率和标化 DALYs率分别为 2.30/10万、41.54/10万和51.38/10万,较1990年分别下降20.14%、25.68%和18.75%;而标化YLDs率为9.84/10万人,较1990年上升18.26%。分性别分析发现,男性、女性归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担变化趋势与总人群一致。见表1
1990—2021年中国总人群、男性、女性归因于LPA的脑卒中标化死亡率、标化YLLs率、标化DALYs率均呈下降趋势,而归因于LPA的脑卒中标化YLDs率呈上升趋势,见图1。其中,总人群归因于LPA的脑卒中标化死亡率、标化YLLs率、标化DALYs率、标化YLDs率的AAPC分别为-0.72%、-0.96%、-0.68%和0.92% 。标化死亡率、标化YLLs率、标化YLDs率分别在 2010—2015、2004—2007和2004—2007年下降幅度最大,分别为2.18%、5.00%、4.15%;标化YLDs率在2005—2012年上升速度最快,增长幅度为1.76%。分性别分析发现,女性归因于LPA的脑卒中标化死亡率、标化YLLs率、标化DALYs率的下降速度快于男性,而男性归因于LPA的标化YLDs率上升速度快于女性。男性归因于LPA的脑卒中标化死亡率、标化YLLs率、标化DALYs率分别在2003、2007和2010年超过女性。
按年龄组分层分析发现,2021年归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担随着年龄的增加而增加。其中,死亡人数与死亡率、YLLs与YLLs率、YLDs率、DALYs与DALYs率高峰值均出现在≥70年龄组,YLDs的高峰值出现在50~69岁年龄组。1990—2021年,25~49岁年龄组的死亡率与死亡人数、YLLs与YLLs率、YLDs与YLDs率、DALYs与DALYs率呈上升趋势(P<0.01),其中YLDs与YLDs率的上升幅度较大,AAPC分别为1.51%、1.52%;50~69岁年龄组的死亡人数、YLLs、YLDs与YLDs率、DALYs呈上升趋势(P<0.01),而死亡率、YLLs率、DALYs率呈下降趋势(P<0.01),其中上升幅度最大的为YLDs,AAPC为3.92%,下降幅度最大的为YLLs率,AAPC为-1.41%;≥70岁年龄组中,死亡率、YLL率与DALY率呈下降趋势(P<0.01),下降幅度最快的为YLLs率,AAPC为-0.66%,而死亡人数、YLLs、YLDs与YLDs率、DALYs均呈上升趋势(P<0.01),其中上升幅度最大的为死亡人数,AAPC为3.43%。见表2
研究结果显示,1990—2021年中国25岁及以上人群归因于LPA的脑卒中绝对疾病负担呈上升趋势,而归因于LPA的标化疾病负担呈下降趋势。该趋势与全球人群一致[8]。这可能与老年人口总数的增加以及人口老龄化趋势不断加剧有关[15]。第七次人口普查结果显示,60岁及以上老年人口已经达到2.67亿,占总人口的18.9%,较上一个普查增加了5.44%[16]。而老年人是脑卒中的高危人群,因此造成归因于脑卒中绝对疾病负担的不断增加,标化疾病负担的下降。此外,中国脑卒中患者诊断与治疗方法的改进及医疗卫生系统的逐渐完善可能有效降低了脑卒中的死亡率和预后不良发生率[17],从而促进了标化疾病负担的下降。需要注意的是,死亡率、DALYs率等绝对数的上升表明我国归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担仍十分沉重。这可能与我国较低的身体活动达标率有关。据估计,我国约有24.7%的成年居民身体活动处于低水平状态[3]
研究还发现中国归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担存在性别差异。1990年男性归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担低于女性,而2021年男性归因于LPA的标化死亡率、标化YLLs率和标化DALYs率超过女性。此外,女性归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担下降速度均快于男性,而男性归因于LPA的标化YLDs率上升速度快于女性。这种差异可能是生理与环境因素双重作用的结果。一方面,女性体内分泌的雌性激素具有保护心血管系统的作用,而男性则缺乏这种保护[18]。另一方面,可能与男性较低的身体活动达标率[19]、较高的超重和肥胖率、较高的吸烟率与饮酒率、高盐与高胆固醇饮食有关[20],而这些因素均是脑卒中的危险因素[21],随着时间的推移,这些危险因素不断累积并相互作用,大大增加了男性脑卒中发生风险。
研究结果表明,中国归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担存在年龄差异。其中,≥70岁组归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担最高。可能是随着年龄的增长,老年人免疫功能随之下降,糖尿病、高血压、高血脂等慢性病共患病率较高[22],而这些基础疾病也是脑卒中的危险因素,从而增大脑卒中的发病、发生不良预后和死亡的风险。此外,不同年龄组归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担变化趋势存在差异。25~49岁年龄组的疾病负担呈上升趋势,表明归因于LPA的脑卒中有年轻化趋势。可能与中青年不良生活方式流行率的攀升而防控意识的淡泊有关。随着经济的发展,中青年长期处于高压状态下,吸烟率高、缺乏睡眠、久坐、三餐时间不规律、高糖、高脂肪、高饮酒率等不良生活方式增加了脑卒中发病风险[23];而中青年往往对自身身体状态缺乏关注,对脑卒中防控意识不强,在一定程度上增加了脑卒中的死亡风险[24]
本研究存在一定的局限性。一是,GBD 2021主要对能够收集的文献、监测数据进行模型估计,尽管评估由LPA导致的脑卒中归因负担时考虑了多个风险因素的累积效应,但可能未能完全考虑到所有潜在的混杂因素,结果偏倚难以避免。二是,该数据库无法获取LPA的具体暴露水平,因此无法对LPA不同暴露水平的归因效应进行分析,未来需要进一步收集不同暴露水平的数据,做不同暴露水平归因效应的比较分析。
综上所述,1990—2021年我国归因于LPA的脑卒中标化疾病负担呈下降趋势,但是归因于LPA对疾病负担呈增长趋势,表明我国归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担仍十分沉重。此外,我国归因于LPA的脑卒中疾病负担存在明显的性别与年龄差异。因此,未来脑卒中防治策略的制定过程中应分年龄组、性别,特别是针对高危人群制定全面和精确的干预策略,以减少脑卒中造成的疾病负担。
  • 国家自然科学基金委员会项目(72064022)
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2025年第52卷第19期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202503562
  • 接收时间:2025-03-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2025-10-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-30
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国家自然科学基金委员会项目(72064022)
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    1.江西中医药大学经济与管理学院卫生管理教研室,江西 南昌 330004
    2.江西中医药大学大健康发展研究院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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