Article(id=1241329575221850603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502406, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740153600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773885633521, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773885633521, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773885633521, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885633521, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241329570129956900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='13', pageStart='2305', pageEnd='2496', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773885632307, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885763730, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241330121425080472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241330121425080473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2407, endPage=2411, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241329575666446839, articleId=1241329575221850603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students in Anhui Province, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students in Anhui Province, providing a reference for scoliosis prevention and control.

Methods

From September to November 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 104 022 middle school students in Anhui Province for spinal curvature abnormality screening and questionnaire surveys. Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the influencing factors of scoliosis.

Results

The detection rate of scoliosis among middle school students in Anhui was 2.46%, with thoracolumbar, lumbar, and thoracic scoliosis detection rates of 1.74%, 1.56%, and 1.45%, respectively. The detection rate of scoliosis generally increased with grade (χ2trend=28.535, Ptrend < 0.001), and high school students had a higher detection rate than junior high school students (2.76% vs. 2.21%, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that among junior high school students, suburban residence (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.58-0.72) and overweight/obesity (OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.58-0.75) were protective factors, while underweight (OR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.01-1.66) was a risk factor. Among high school students, suburban residence (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.59-0.76), overweight/obesity (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.65-0.83), correct reading/writing posture (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.52-0.89), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ≥3 days/week (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.74-0.96), daytime outdoor activity ≥1 h/day (OR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.78-0.99), and adequate sleep (OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.68-0.93) were protective factors, whereas underweight (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.08-1.75) was a risk factor.

Conclusion

Residential area, nutritional status, reading/writing posture, physical activity, and sleep are influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students. Targeted interventions based on these factors should be implemented across different school stages to reduce the occurrence of scoliosis.

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目的

了解安徽省中学生脊柱侧弯现状及其影响因素,为脊柱侧弯的防控提供参考依据。

方法

于2022年9—11月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法选取安徽省104 022名中学生进行脊柱弯曲异常筛查及问卷调查。运用logistic回归模型分析中学生脊柱侧弯的影响因素。

结果

安徽省中学生脊柱侧弯检出率为2.46%,腰胸椎、腰椎和胸椎侧弯检出率分别为1.74%、1.56%、1.45%;脊柱侧弯检出率随着年级升高整体呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=28.535,P趋势<0.001),高中生的脊柱侧弯检出率高于初中生(2.76% vs. 2.21%, P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,初中生中,郊县(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.58~0.72)和超重/肥胖(OR=0.66,95%CI: 0.58~0.75)是脊柱侧弯的保护因素,消瘦(OR=1.30,95%CI: 1.01~1.66)是脊柱侧弯的危险因素;高中生中,郊县(OR=0.67,95%CI: 0.59~0.76)、超重/肥胖(OR=0.73,95%CI: 0.65~0.83)、读写姿势正确(OR=0.68,95%CI: 0.52~0.89)、每周≥ 60 min中高强度运动天数≥3 d(OR=0.85,95%CI: 0.74~0.96)、白天户外活动时间≥1h/d(OR=0.88,95%CI: 0.78~0.99)和睡眠充足(OR=0.80,95%CI: 0.68~0.93)是脊柱侧弯的保护因素,消瘦(OR=1.37,95%CI: 1.08~1.75)是脊柱侧弯的危险因素。

结论

居住地区、营养状况、读写姿势、中高强度运动和睡眠是中学生脊柱侧弯的影响因素,应分不同学段根据影响因素进行针对性干预,以减少脊柱侧弯的发生。

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梅学农,E-mail:
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吴静(1989—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:儿少卫生

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Modern Preventive Medicine, 2021, 48(6): 1023-1028.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Prevalence of sleep disorder among Chinese middle school students: a meta-analysis, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241329763323794011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329575221850603, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329763332182621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329575221850603, companyId=1241329763323794011, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329763340571231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329575221850603, companyId=1241329763323794011, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230601)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241329766276584261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329575221850603, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Distribution of scoliosis detection among secondary school students in Anhui Province, figureFileSmall=cp2lobUHr+9lg/WYxQV2zA==, figureFileBig=j5FnUVAn36C3tx480fiYFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241329766398219082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329575221850603, language=CN, label=图1, caption=安徽省中学生脊柱侧弯检出情况分布, figureFileSmall=cp2lobUHr+9lg/WYxQV2zA==, figureFileBig=j5FnUVAn36C3tx480fiYFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241329766519853908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329575221850603, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Results of one-way analysis of scoliosis among secondary school students in Anhui Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素调查人数初中高中
脊柱侧弯人数(%)χ2脊柱侧弯人数(%)χ2
性别0.632c3.865c
55 018640(2.17)737(2.89)
49 004611(2.26)572(2.60)
居住地区54.788a33.460a
城区54 113635(2.77)957(3.07)
郊县49 909616(1.83)352(2.16)
营养状况44.715a36.438a
正常64 695871(2.45)868(2.98)
消瘦4 01269(3.15)75(4.12)
超重/肥胖35 315311(1.66)366(2.21)
读写姿势正确0.021c11.370a
93 6121 095(2.22)1 249(2.83)
10 410156(2.19)60(1.83)
老师经常提醒读写姿势0.600c5.174b
67 912718(2.25)1 029(2.85)
36 110533(2.16)280(2.45)
父母经常提醒读写姿势3.020c0.467c
49 804542(2.34)747(2.80)
54 218709(2.12)562(2.70)
躺/趴着看书或电子产品0.437c0.932c
35 445517(2.16)304(2.63)
68 577734(2.25)1 005(2.80)
平时坐立姿势的自我要求2.843c3.124c
无所谓31 265314(2.25)488(2.82)
有时监督自己49 302597(2.24)620(2.74)
时常提醒自己14 673190(2.00)147(2.85)
时刻保持良好姿势8 782150(2.36)54(2.22)
根据身高调整课桌椅高度频率(次/学年)1.017c1.894c
≤187 0281 006(2.24)1 179(2.79)
≥216 994245(2.09)130(2.46)
每周≥ 60 min中高强度运动天数(d)1.692c13.256a
<360 126604(2.30)992(2.93)
≥343 896647(2.14)317(2.33)
白天户外活动时间(h/d)0.000c9.748a
<130 905291(2.21)543(3.06)
≥173 117960(2.21)766(2.58)
睡眠充足3.847c5.975b
64 704535(2.08)1 108(2.84)
39 318716(2.32)201(2.36)
床垫柔软度3.022c4.423c
偏软14 507205(2.36)162(2.78)
适中77 335948(2.22)979(2.83)
偏硬12 18098(1.91)168(2.38)
), ArticleFig(id=1241329766641488731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329575221850603, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

安徽省中学生脊柱侧弯的单因素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素调查人数初中高中
脊柱侧弯人数(%)χ2脊柱侧弯人数(%)χ2
性别0.632c3.865c
55 018640(2.17)737(2.89)
49 004611(2.26)572(2.60)
居住地区54.788a33.460a
城区54 113635(2.77)957(3.07)
郊县49 909616(1.83)352(2.16)
营养状况44.715a36.438a
正常64 695871(2.45)868(2.98)
消瘦4 01269(3.15)75(4.12)
超重/肥胖35 315311(1.66)366(2.21)
读写姿势正确0.021c11.370a
93 6121 095(2.22)1 249(2.83)
10 410156(2.19)60(1.83)
老师经常提醒读写姿势0.600c5.174b
67 912718(2.25)1 029(2.85)
36 110533(2.16)280(2.45)
父母经常提醒读写姿势3.020c0.467c
49 804542(2.34)747(2.80)
54 218709(2.12)562(2.70)
躺/趴着看书或电子产品0.437c0.932c
35 445517(2.16)304(2.63)
68 577734(2.25)1 005(2.80)
平时坐立姿势的自我要求2.843c3.124c
无所谓31 265314(2.25)488(2.82)
有时监督自己49 302597(2.24)620(2.74)
时常提醒自己14 673190(2.00)147(2.85)
时刻保持良好姿势8 782150(2.36)54(2.22)
根据身高调整课桌椅高度频率(次/学年)1.017c1.894c
≤187 0281 006(2.24)1 179(2.79)
≥216 994245(2.09)130(2.46)
每周≥ 60 min中高强度运动天数(d)1.692c13.256a
<360 126604(2.30)992(2.93)
≥343 896647(2.14)317(2.33)
白天户外活动时间(h/d)0.000c9.748a
<130 905291(2.21)543(3.06)
≥173 117960(2.21)766(2.58)
睡眠充足3.847c5.975b
64 704535(2.08)1 108(2.84)
39 318716(2.32)201(2.36)
床垫柔软度3.022c4.423c
偏软14 507205(2.36)162(2.78)
适中77 335948(2.22)979(2.83)
偏硬12 18098(1.91)168(2.38)
), ArticleFig(id=1241329766763123555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329575221850603, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Assignment of variables for Logistic regression analysis

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变量赋值
脊柱侧弯0=否,1=是
居住地区1=城区,2=郊县
营养状况1=正常,2=消瘦,3=超重/肥胖
读写姿势正确1=否,2=是
老师经常提醒读写姿势1=否,2=是
父母经常提醒读写姿势1=否,2=是
躺/趴着看书或电子产品1=否,2=是
根据身高调整桌椅高度频率(次/学年)1=“≤1”,2=“≥2”
每周≥ 60 min中高强度运动天数(d)1=“<3”,2=“≥3”
白天户外活动时间(h/d)1=“<1”,2=“≥1”
睡眠充足1=否,2=是
), ArticleFig(id=1241329766867981163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329575221850603, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Logistic回归分析的变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值
脊柱侧弯0=否,1=是
居住地区1=城区,2=郊县
营养状况1=正常,2=消瘦,3=超重/肥胖
读写姿势正确1=否,2=是
老师经常提醒读写姿势1=否,2=是
父母经常提醒读写姿势1=否,2=是
躺/趴着看书或电子产品1=否,2=是
根据身高调整桌椅高度频率(次/学年)1=“≤1”,2=“≥2”
每周≥ 60 min中高强度运动天数(d)1=“<3”,2=“≥3”
白天户外活动时间(h/d)1=“<1”,2=“≥1”
睡眠充足1=否,2=是
), ArticleFig(id=1241329766968644466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329575221850603, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multifactorial logistic regression analysis of scoliosis among secondary school students in Anhui Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项β Wald χ2POR值(95%CI)
初中
居住地区(ref:城区)郊县-0.4330.05757.269<0.0010.65(0.58~0.72)
营养状况(ref:正常)消瘦0.2590.1274.1620.0411.30(1.01~1.66)
超重/肥胖-0.4130.06738.376<0.0010.66(0.58~0.75)
高中
居住地区(ref:城区)郊县-0.3960.06438.451<0.0010.67(0.59~0.76)
营养状况(ref:正常)消瘦0.3160.1236.6080.0101.37(1.08~1.75)
超重/肥胖-0.3140.06324.676<0.0010.73(0.65~0.83)
读写姿势正确(ref:否)-0.3830.1348.1020.0040.68(0.52~0.89)
每周≥ 60 min中高强度运动天数(d,ref:<3)≥3-0.1680.0676.3440.0120.85(0.74~0.96)
白天户外活动时间(h/d,ref:<1)≥1-0.1290.0584.9430.0260.88(0.78~0.99)
睡眠充足(ref:否)-0.1860.085.4640.0040.80(0.68~0.93)
), ArticleFig(id=1241329767044141947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329575221850603, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

安徽省中学生脊柱侧弯的多因素logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自变量选项β Wald χ2POR值(95%CI)
初中
居住地区(ref:城区)郊县-0.4330.05757.269<0.0010.65(0.58~0.72)
营养状况(ref:正常)消瘦0.2590.1274.1620.0411.30(1.01~1.66)
超重/肥胖-0.4130.06738.376<0.0010.66(0.58~0.75)
高中
居住地区(ref:城区)郊县-0.3960.06438.451<0.0010.67(0.59~0.76)
营养状况(ref:正常)消瘦0.3160.1236.6080.0101.37(1.08~1.75)
超重/肥胖-0.3140.06324.676<0.0010.73(0.65~0.83)
读写姿势正确(ref:否)-0.3830.1348.1020.0040.68(0.52~0.89)
每周≥ 60 min中高强度运动天数(d,ref:<3)≥3-0.1680.0676.3440.0120.85(0.74~0.96)
白天户外活动时间(h/d,ref:<1)≥1-0.1290.0584.9430.0260.88(0.78~0.99)
睡眠充足(ref:否)-0.1860.085.4640.0040.80(0.68~0.93)
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安徽省中学生脊柱侧弯现况及影响因素分析
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吴静 , 陈国平 , 张昱堃 , 仰阳 , 梅学农
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(13): 2407-2411
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025, 52(13): 2407-2411
安徽省中学生脊柱侧弯现况及影响因素分析
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吴静, 陈国平, 张昱堃, 仰阳, 梅学农
作者信息
  • 安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230601
  • 吴静(1989—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:儿少卫生

通讯作者:

梅学农,E-mail:
Prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students in Anhui Province
Jing WU, Guo-ping CHEN, Yu-kun ZHANG, Yang YANG, Xue-nong MEI
Affiliations
  • Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502406
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目的

了解安徽省中学生脊柱侧弯现状及其影响因素,为脊柱侧弯的防控提供参考依据。

方法

于2022年9—11月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法选取安徽省104 022名中学生进行脊柱弯曲异常筛查及问卷调查。运用logistic回归模型分析中学生脊柱侧弯的影响因素。

结果

安徽省中学生脊柱侧弯检出率为2.46%,腰胸椎、腰椎和胸椎侧弯检出率分别为1.74%、1.56%、1.45%;脊柱侧弯检出率随着年级升高整体呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=28.535,P趋势<0.001),高中生的脊柱侧弯检出率高于初中生(2.76% vs. 2.21%, P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,初中生中,郊县(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.58~0.72)和超重/肥胖(OR=0.66,95%CI: 0.58~0.75)是脊柱侧弯的保护因素,消瘦(OR=1.30,95%CI: 1.01~1.66)是脊柱侧弯的危险因素;高中生中,郊县(OR=0.67,95%CI: 0.59~0.76)、超重/肥胖(OR=0.73,95%CI: 0.65~0.83)、读写姿势正确(OR=0.68,95%CI: 0.52~0.89)、每周≥ 60 min中高强度运动天数≥3 d(OR=0.85,95%CI: 0.74~0.96)、白天户外活动时间≥1h/d(OR=0.88,95%CI: 0.78~0.99)和睡眠充足(OR=0.80,95%CI: 0.68~0.93)是脊柱侧弯的保护因素,消瘦(OR=1.37,95%CI: 1.08~1.75)是脊柱侧弯的危险因素。

结论

居住地区、营养状况、读写姿势、中高强度运动和睡眠是中学生脊柱侧弯的影响因素,应分不同学段根据影响因素进行针对性干预,以减少脊柱侧弯的发生。

脊柱侧弯  /  中学生  /  影响因素
Objective

To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students in Anhui Province, providing a reference for scoliosis prevention and control.

Methods

From September to November 2022, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 104 022 middle school students in Anhui Province for spinal curvature abnormality screening and questionnaire surveys. Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the influencing factors of scoliosis.

Results

The detection rate of scoliosis among middle school students in Anhui was 2.46%, with thoracolumbar, lumbar, and thoracic scoliosis detection rates of 1.74%, 1.56%, and 1.45%, respectively. The detection rate of scoliosis generally increased with grade (χ2trend=28.535, Ptrend < 0.001), and high school students had a higher detection rate than junior high school students (2.76% vs. 2.21%, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that among junior high school students, suburban residence (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.58-0.72) and overweight/obesity (OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.58-0.75) were protective factors, while underweight (OR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.01-1.66) was a risk factor. Among high school students, suburban residence (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.59-0.76), overweight/obesity (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.65-0.83), correct reading/writing posture (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.52-0.89), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ≥3 days/week (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.74-0.96), daytime outdoor activity ≥1 h/day (OR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.78-0.99), and adequate sleep (OR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.68-0.93) were protective factors, whereas underweight (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.08-1.75) was a risk factor.

Conclusion

Residential area, nutritional status, reading/writing posture, physical activity, and sleep are influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students. Targeted interventions based on these factors should be implemented across different school stages to reduce the occurrence of scoliosis.

Scoliosis  /  Middle school students  /  Influencing factors
吴静, 陈国平, 张昱堃, 仰阳, 梅学农. 安徽省中学生脊柱侧弯现况及影响因素分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (13) : 2407 -2411 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502406
Jing WU, Guo-ping CHEN, Yu-kun ZHANG, Yang YANG, Xue-nong MEI. Prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis among middle school students in Anhui Province[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (13) : 2407 -2411 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502406
脊柱侧弯是脊柱一个或数个节段向侧方弯曲伴有椎体旋转的三维脊柱畸形,是青少年时期常见的脊柱畸形类型[1],影响外观和生长发育,导致自卑等心理问题,严重时还会出现心肺功能障碍和脊神经受损[2]。全球范围内青少年脊柱侧弯患病率多数在2%~3%之间[3]。研究显示青少年脊柱侧弯的发生可能与性别、遗传、身体活动频率等[4-6]因素相关。中学生正处于生长发育关键时期,是脊柱侧弯的好发人群,加强此阶段脊柱侧弯的筛查及研究,为早期干预与防治寻找关键控制点极为重要。因此,本研究分析安徽省中学生脊柱侧弯的流行现状及其影响因素,旨在为制定干预策略提供科学依据。
采用分层整群随机抽样方法于2022年9—11月,在安徽省的16市中,每市随机抽取1个城区、1个郊县和2个直管县共34个监测点开展监测调查。每个城区随机抽取5所中学(初中、普通高中分别2所,职业高中1所),每郊县随机抽取3所中学(初中2所、普通高中1所),监测对象覆盖所有年级,以班级为单位随机整群抽样,每个年级不少于80名学生,每所学校不少于240名学生,共抽取104 509名中学生开展调查,剔除不能判断是否脊柱侧弯及关键变量(运动、睡眠、读写姿势、身高体重等)数据缺失的样本后,共有104 022名中学生纳入本次研究。本研究数据采集、质量控制、存储及分析均是在脱敏后进行,未涉及任何个人稳私信息,经安徽省疾病预防控制中心医学伦理委员会鉴定不涉及伦理。
由专业检测人员按照《GB/T 16133-2014儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常的筛查》[1]要求,通过一般检查、前屈试验、脊柱运动试验、俯卧试验,结合脊柱侧弯测量仪来判定脊柱侧弯及弯曲程度。脊柱侧弯根据部位分为胸段侧弯、胸腰段侧弯和腰段侧弯。
采用2022年全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测工作问卷,由经过统一培训的调查员组织学生自行填写,内容包括调查对象的基本信息、读写姿势、运动行为、睡眠情况等。主要指标判定:(1)营养状况:消瘦、正常、超重、肥胖的判定依据《WS/T456-2014学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》[7]和《WS/T586-2018学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》[8]标准。(2)睡眠充足:根据我国中小学生睡眠时间要求[9],定义初中生和高中生每天睡眠时间分别≥9 h和≥8 h为睡眠充足,否则为睡眠不充足。
使用Epidata 3.1进行数据双录入,采用SPSS 23.0软件进行数据统计分析。计数资料用率(%)描述;组间比较采用χ2检验或Cochran-Armitage趋势χ2检验,使用logistic回归模型探讨脊柱侧弯的影响因素。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
参与脊柱筛查的104 022名学生中,脊柱侧弯检出率为2.46%(2 560/104 022),脊柱侧弯检出率随着年级升高整体呈上升趋势(χ2趋势=28.535,P趋势<0.001),见图1。男生的脊柱侧弯检出率高于女生(2.50% vs. 2.41%,P=0.357);高中生的脊柱侧弯检出率高于初中生(2.76% vs.2.21%, P<0.001);腰胸椎侧弯检出率最高,为1.74%(1 814/104 022),其次为腰椎和胸椎侧弯,检出率分别为1.56%(1 624/104 022)和1.45%(1 512/104 022)。
不同居住地区、营养状况的初中生脊柱侧弯检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同居住地区、营养状况、读写姿势正确、老师经常提醒读写姿势、每周≥ 60 min中高强度运动天数、白天户外活动时间、睡眠充足的高中生脊柱侧弯检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1
以中学生是否存在脊柱侧弯作为因变量(是=1,否=0),将单因素分析中有统计学意义的自变量纳入logistic回归模型(向前LR法),多因素分析变量赋值情况见表2
多因素分析结果显示,居住在郊县和超重/肥胖是初中生脊柱侧弯的保护因素,消瘦是脊柱侧弯的危险因素(P值均<0.05)。居住在郊县、超重/肥胖、读写姿势正确、每周≥ 60 min中高强度运动天数≥ 3 d、白天户外活动时间≥ 1 h/d、睡眠充足是脊柱侧弯的保护因素,消瘦是高中生脊柱侧弯的危险因素(P值均<0.05)。见表3
脊柱作为人体的中轴骨骼,起到支持躯干、保护内脏、保护脊髓及实现运动等功能,儿童青少正处在生长发育关键阶段,保护脊柱健康需引起各方重视[10]。本次调查发现安徽省中学生的脊柱侧弯检出率为2.46%,高于1980—2020年全国平均水平(2.18%)[11],接近上海市(2.60%)[12],差异可能与研究对象和时间、人群数量及筛查方法等因素不同有关。高中生的脊柱侧弯检出率高于初中生,此结果与既往研究一致[13-14],可能与学段增加,久坐锻炼减少等因素的累积效应和激素分泌有关[15-16],提示中学生脊柱侧弯防控关口须前移。中学生中腰胸锥段侧弯检出率最高,与赵静等[17]的研究结果一致。当脊柱左右肌群收缩不对称时,腰胸段锥体作为胸椎和腰椎的衔接处所受应力比其他锥段更大,更容易引起损伤[18]。初高中生脊柱侧弯的影响因素分析结果的差异可能是不同学段学生的生长发育及行为因素的差异性导致。
相对于城区,郊区是中学生脊柱侧弯的保护因素,与以往研究一致[12,17],可能因为城区和郊县的经济水平有所差异,一方面城区中学生学习竞争激烈,课业负担重,长时间学习且缺乏活动,易导致脊柱受力不均;另一方面城区电子设备普及,长时间低头使用手机、电脑等可能会使脊柱承受异常压力,增加脊柱侧弯风险。
消瘦者患脊柱侧弯的风险更高,超重肥胖者脊柱侧弯的风险低,与国内外研究结果一致[17,19]。消瘦对肌肉质量、骨密度及肌肉骨骼系统稳定性产生负面影响,增加脊柱畸形和脊柱侧弯的患病风险[20]。适度增加脂肪量能增强对脊柱的支撑力,降低脊柱弯曲异常几率[21]。但BMI过高者在骨骼成熟后脊柱侧弯角度可能会进展且脊柱后凸风险增加[22]。此外,考虑到BMI过高还会影响身体发育且增加成年期慢病风险[23]
中高强度运动有助于增强脊柱周围核心肌群力量,进而增强脊柱骨骼的强度和稳定性[24]。本研究仅在高中生中发现每周≥ 60 min中高强度运动天数≥3 d是脊柱侧弯的保护因素,可能是由于初中生快速生长、激素驱动的骨骼发育掩盖了运动不足的短期影响。此外,本研究中还发现每天白天户外活动时间与高中生脊柱侧弯有关联,提示应关注运动强度和时间。
保证充足睡眠是缓解骨骼肌疲劳的重要方式,而睡眠问题在我国中学生中普遍存在,高中阶段更为突出[25]。有研究显示睡眠时间缩短会导致白介素1(IL-1)过度表达,降低骨矿物质密度,可能增加脊柱弯曲发生率[26]。本研究仅发现在高中生中睡眠充足是脊柱侧弯的保护因素,可能高中生由于学习压力整体睡眠质量更差,导致睡眠时间与脊柱侧弯的关联更明显。读写姿势正确是高中生脊柱侧弯的保护因素,可能是因为相对初中生,高中生学习时间更长,不良读写姿势的累积健康效应更明显。长期不良读写姿势可能导致脊柱两侧肌肉受力不均衡,从而形成脊柱侧弯。
本研究存在一些局限性:一是本次是横断面研究,无法推因果关联,今后考虑开展前瞻性的队列研究以探索因果关系;二是本研究中脊柱侧弯的影响因素均采用学生自填问卷方式收集,可能存在报告偏倚和回忆偏倚;三是本次研究中脊柱侧弯为筛查,未进行临床确诊,下一步将建立脊柱侧弯筛查后随访管理工作,以深入追踪探讨脊柱侧弯发生发展情况及其发病机制。
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2025年第52卷第13期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502406
  • 接收时间:2025-02-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-22
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    安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230601

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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