Article(id=1322609095853588827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502301, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740240000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793264181339, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793264181339, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793264181339, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793264181339, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322609030938346427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='22', pageStart='4033', pageEnd='4224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793264165863, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264299902, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609593264489402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322609030938346427, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=4059, endPage=4064, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322609096105247068, articleId=1322609095853588827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Cohort study on the risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly populations with metabolically healthy obesity,based on the CHARLS Database, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the association between different metabolic body weight subtypes and the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)incidence in middle-aged and elderly populations.

Methods

The study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS), with the initial data collection phase implemented in 2011. By the end of the cohort follow-up in 2020, The final analytical sample comprised 6 353 eligible participants. Participants were classified into 6 and 4 metabolic subtypes respectively using combinations of body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and ATP-III criteria. Cox regression was employed to explore the association between each metabolic subtype and the incidence of CVD.

Results

During a 9-year follow-up, 1 825 individuals developed CVD. Of the total study population, 11.4%(n=730)met the criteria for obesity, with 16.0% of these obese individuals demonstrating a metabolically healthy profile. Compared to individuals who were of normal weight and metabolically healthy, those with metabolically healthy obesity(MHO)exhibited an increased risk of CVD(HR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.18-2.46), while the risk was even higher in individuals with metabolically abnormal obesity(HR=2.48, 95% CI: 2.07-2.97).Sensitivity analysis(using the four subtypes defined by waist-to-height ratio)found consistent results. Stratification by BMI revealed that, within normal weight and overweight populations, the risk of CVD was significantly elevated in metabolically abnormal groups compared to metabolically healthy groups. Subgroup analyses did not identify interactions between age, gender, education level,smoking, or drinking status and the various metabolic subtypes.

Conclusion

In middle-aged and elderly adults, MHO is linked to a higher risk of CVD. Among normal weight and overweight individuals, the risk of CVD is higher in metabolically abnormal groups than in metabolically healthy groups.MHO is not a benign subtype, and obese individuals need to enhance their weight management and lose weight in a reasonable manner.

, authors=Wen-qiang WANG, Ying-ying ZHOU, Zhi XIE, authorsList=Wen-qiang WANG, Ying-ying ZHOU, Zhi XIE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhi XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322609099250975083, articleId=1322609095853588827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=中老年人群代谢体重亚型与心血管疾病发病风险的队列研究——基于CHARLS数据库, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨中老年人群不同代谢体重亚型与心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)发病风险的关联。

方法

资料来自中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS),2011年为基线,至2020年随访结束时,共纳入6 353名参与者进行分析。分别采用体质指数、腰高比与ATP-III标准组合将参与者定义为6类与4类代谢亚型,应用Cox回归探讨各类代谢亚型与CVD的发病关联。

结果

经过9.00年的随访,共有1 825人发生CVD。11.4%(n=730)的人群表现为肥胖,代谢正常肥胖(metabolically healthy obesity, MHO)在肥胖人群中的占比为16.0%。相较于代谢正常体重正常群体,MHO发生CVD的风险增加(HR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.18~2.46),代谢异常肥胖人群更高(HR=2.48, 95% CI: 2.07~2.97),敏感性分析(腰高比定义的4种亚型)也显示相似的结果。将BMI分层后显示在体重正常和超重人群中,代谢异常人群的CVD发病风险显著高于代谢正常人群。亚组分析未发现年龄、性别、受教育水平、吸烟、饮酒状态与各类代谢亚型之间存在交互作用。

结论

在中老年人群中,MHO人群与CVD的发病风险增加。在体重正常和超重人群中,代谢异常组的CVD发病风险均高于代谢正常组。MHO并非是一个良性亚型,肥胖人群需要加强其体重管理,合理减重。

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王文强(1995—),男,硕士,医师,研究方向:性病与艾滋病防制

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谢知,E-mail:
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A survey on the high-risk population of cardiovascular diseasesamong residents aged 35-75 in Xicheng District, Beijing [J]. South China Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2023, 49 (9): 1188-1191.(In Chinese), articleTitle=A survey on the high-risk population of cardiovascular diseasesamong residents aged 35-75 in Xicheng District, Beijing, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322609099490050412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609099498439021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, companyId=1322609099490050412, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The Department of STD and AIDS Prevention and Control, Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322609099506827630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, companyId=1322609099490050412, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=长沙市疾病预防控制中心性病与艾滋病防制科,湖南 长沙 410004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322609100979028356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Baseline characteristics of individuals with different weight and metabolic status

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量MHNWMHOWMHOMUNWMUOWMUOχ2/FP值
总体[n(%)]1 210(19.0)431(6.8)117(1.8)2 428(38.2)1 554(24.5)613(9.6)--
男性[n(%)]613(50.7)134(31.1)27(23.1)1 247(51.4)668(43.0)200(32.6)151.364<0.001
年龄(岁,)56.6±8.355.0±7.752.8±6.559.8±8.857.7±8.256.8±8.051.514<0.001
居住地[n(%)]100.851<0.001
农村[n(%)]866(71.6)288(66.8)61(52.1)1 728(71.2)927(59.7)356(58.1)
城镇[n(%)]344(28.4)143(33.2)56(47.9)700(28.8)627(40.3)257(41.9)
婚姻[n(%)]69.330<0.001
已婚[n(%)]1 120(92.6)407(94.4)110(94.0)2 089(86.0)1 428(91.9)559(91.2)
离异/丧偶/不结婚[n(%)]90(7.4)24(5.6)7(6.0)339(14.0)126(8.1)54(8.8)
文化程度[n(%)]58.789<0.001
初中及以下[n(%)]807(66.7)275(63.8)70(59.8)1 806(74.4)1 013(65.2)405(66.1)
高中及以上[n(%)]403(33.3)156(36.2)47(40.2)622(25.6)541(34.8)208(33.9)
吸烟[n(%)]441(36.4)79(18.3)14(12.0)871(35.9)393(25.3)106(17.3)173.555<0.001
饮酒[n(%)]429(35.5)116(26.9)29(24.8)903(37.2)510(32.8)154(25.1)48.681<0.001
甘油三酯(mmol/L,)5.3±2.66.4±3.47.1±3.57.0±5.98.8±7.010.8±9.787.189<0.001
空腹血糖(mmol/L,)5.1±0.55.1±0.45.2±0.46.3±2.06.6±2.36.7±2.1153.507<0.001
收缩压(mmHg,)112.4±9.5114.7±8.8115.2±9.4132.3±20.9135.6±20.4139.7±20.3364.129<0.001
舒张压(mmHg,)66.8±8.269.6±7.970.7±7.276.2±11.879.6±11.982.2±11.7275.871<0.001
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L,)3.0±0.82.8±0.72.5±0.63.0±0.92.6±0.72.4±0.7103.316<0.001
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L,)6.2±1.76.6±1.76.7±1.76.5±1.96.7±2.06.6±2.110.510<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322609101071303045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同体重和代谢状态人群的基线特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量MHNWMHOWMHOMUNWMUOWMUOχ2/FP值
总体[n(%)]1 210(19.0)431(6.8)117(1.8)2 428(38.2)1 554(24.5)613(9.6)--
男性[n(%)]613(50.7)134(31.1)27(23.1)1 247(51.4)668(43.0)200(32.6)151.364<0.001
年龄(岁,)56.6±8.355.0±7.752.8±6.559.8±8.857.7±8.256.8±8.051.514<0.001
居住地[n(%)]100.851<0.001
农村[n(%)]866(71.6)288(66.8)61(52.1)1 728(71.2)927(59.7)356(58.1)
城镇[n(%)]344(28.4)143(33.2)56(47.9)700(28.8)627(40.3)257(41.9)
婚姻[n(%)]69.330<0.001
已婚[n(%)]1 120(92.6)407(94.4)110(94.0)2 089(86.0)1 428(91.9)559(91.2)
离异/丧偶/不结婚[n(%)]90(7.4)24(5.6)7(6.0)339(14.0)126(8.1)54(8.8)
文化程度[n(%)]58.789<0.001
初中及以下[n(%)]807(66.7)275(63.8)70(59.8)1 806(74.4)1 013(65.2)405(66.1)
高中及以上[n(%)]403(33.3)156(36.2)47(40.2)622(25.6)541(34.8)208(33.9)
吸烟[n(%)]441(36.4)79(18.3)14(12.0)871(35.9)393(25.3)106(17.3)173.555<0.001
饮酒[n(%)]429(35.5)116(26.9)29(24.8)903(37.2)510(32.8)154(25.1)48.681<0.001
甘油三酯(mmol/L,)5.3±2.66.4±3.47.1±3.57.0±5.98.8±7.010.8±9.787.189<0.001
空腹血糖(mmol/L,)5.1±0.55.1±0.45.2±0.46.3±2.06.6±2.36.7±2.1153.507<0.001
收缩压(mmHg,)112.4±9.5114.7±8.8115.2±9.4132.3±20.9135.6±20.4139.7±20.3364.129<0.001
舒张压(mmHg,)66.8±8.269.6±7.970.7±7.276.2±11.879.6±11.982.2±11.7275.871<0.001
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L,)3.0±0.82.8±0.72.5±0.63.0±0.92.6±0.72.4±0.7103.316<0.001
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(mmol/L,)6.2±1.76.6±1.76.7±1.76.5±1.96.7±2.06.6±2.110.510<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322609102769996166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of the association between BMI, metabolic abnormality components, metabolic status, and the risk of developing CVD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2
BMI
正常1.00(ref)1.00
超重1.25(1.13~1.39)1.30(1.18~1.45)
肥胖1.71(1.50~1.95)1.85(1.61~2.11)
代谢异常组分
无1.001.00
血压≥130/85 mmHg或诊断为高血压1.64(1.50~1.80)1.45(1.32~1.60)
空腹血糖≥5.6 mmol/L或诊断为2型糖尿病1.20(1.09~1.31)1.13(1.03~1.24)
甘油三酯≥1.70 mmol/L2.64(0.66~10.58)2.24(0.56~8.95)
男性高密度脂蛋白胆固醇<1.04 mmol/L、女性<1.30 mmol/L1.01(0.62~1.65)1.13(0.68~1.87)
代谢状态
正常1.001.00
异常1.63(1.45~1.82)1.48(1.31~1.66)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609102874853767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同BMI、代谢异常组分及代谢状态的CVD发生风险[HR(95% CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1模型2
BMI
正常1.00(ref)1.00
超重1.25(1.13~1.39)1.30(1.18~1.45)
肥胖1.71(1.50~1.95)1.85(1.61~2.11)
代谢异常组分
无1.001.00
血压≥130/85 mmHg或诊断为高血压1.64(1.50~1.80)1.45(1.32~1.60)
空腹血糖≥5.6 mmol/L或诊断为2型糖尿病1.20(1.09~1.31)1.13(1.03~1.24)
甘油三酯≥1.70 mmol/L2.64(0.66~10.58)2.24(0.56~8.95)
男性高密度脂蛋白胆固醇<1.04 mmol/L、女性<1.30 mmol/L1.01(0.62~1.65)1.13(0.68~1.87)
代谢状态
正常1.001.00
异常1.63(1.45~1.82)1.48(1.31~1.66)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609102958739848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of the association between metabolic status and CVD risk across BMI categories

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量病例数/总数不调整HR(95% CI)调整HR(95% CI)
体重正常
代谢正常227/1 2101.00(ref)1.00(ref)
代谢异常688/2 4281.60(1.38~1.86)1.43(1.23~1.66)
超重
代谢正常104/4311.00(ref)1.00(ref)
代谢异常514/1 5541.41(1.14~1.74)1.25(1.01~1.55)
肥胖
代谢正常33/1171.00(ref)1.00(ref)
代谢异常259/6131.67(1.16~2.39)1.45(1.00~2.10)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609103034237321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各BMI类别中代谢状态与CVD的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量病例数/总数不调整HR(95% CI)调整HR(95% CI)
体重正常
代谢正常227/1 2101.00(ref)1.00(ref)
代谢异常688/2 4281.60(1.38~1.86)1.43(1.23~1.66)
超重
代谢正常104/4311.00(ref)1.00(ref)
代谢异常514/1 5541.41(1.14~1.74)1.25(1.01~1.55)
肥胖
代谢正常33/1171.00(ref)1.00(ref)
代谢异常259/6131.67(1.16~2.39)1.45(1.00~2.10)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609103126512010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of the association between 6 BMI-metabolic status and CVD risk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量病例数/总数不调整HR(95% CI)调整HR(95% CI)
MHNW227/1 2101.00(ref)1.00(ref)
MHOW104/4311.33(1.06~1.68)1.38(1.09~1.74)
MHO33/1171.53(1.06~2.20)1.70(1.18~2.46)
MUNW688/2 4281.60(1.38~1.86)1.43(1.23~1.66)
MUOW514/1 5541.87(1.60~2.18)1.75(1.49~2.05)
MUO259/6132.56(2.14~3.06)2.48(2.07~2.97)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609103315255691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

6类代谢体重亚型与CVD的关联

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量病例数/总数不调整HR(95% CI)调整HR(95% CI)
MHNW227/1 2101.00(ref)1.00(ref)
MHOW104/4311.33(1.06~1.68)1.38(1.09~1.74)
MHO33/1171.53(1.06~2.20)1.70(1.18~2.46)
MUNW688/2 4281.60(1.38~1.86)1.43(1.23~1.66)
MUOW514/1 5541.87(1.60~2.18)1.75(1.49~2.05)
MUO259/6132.56(2.14~3.06)2.48(2.07~2.97)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609103386558860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Subgroup analysis of the association between various subtypes and CVD risk

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变量MHNWMHOWMHOMUNWMUOWMUOP交互
性别0.106
男性1.00(ref)2.03(1.41~2.92)1.99(0.96~4.09)1.45(1.17~1.82)1.93(1.52~2.45)3.16(2.36~4.21)
女性1.001.10(0.81~1.50)1.55(1.00~2.38)1.40(1.14~1.72)1.63(1.32~2.01)2.17(1.72~2.74)
年龄(岁)0.607
45~601.001.44(1.07~1.94)1.75(1.15~2.66)1.46(1.18~1.81)1.80(1.44~2.24)2.74(2.15~3.48)
≥601.001.24(0.85~1.81)1.35(0.59~3.10)1.46(1.18~1.81)1.71(1.36~2.15)2.14(1.63~2.80)
文化程度0.214
初中及以下1.001.14(0.85~1.53)1.44(0.88~2.35)1.36(1.14~1.62)1.72(1.43~2.07)2.31(1.86~2.86)
高中及以上1.001.94(1.32~2.86)2.28(1.29~4.03)1.61(1.20~2.16)1.84(1.37~2.48)2.95(2.12~4.10)
吸烟0.614
是1.001.72(1.06~2.79)1.35(0.42~4.29)1.34(1.04~1.74)1.86(1.40~2.47)2.75(1.90~3.99)
否1.001.33(1.01~1.74)1.77(1.19~2.62)1.48(1.23~1.78)1.72(1.42~2.08)2.45(1.98~3.03)
饮酒0.700
是1.001.54(1.00~2.37)1.14(0.46~2.83)1.40(1.07~1.81)1.89(1.43~2.49)2.77(1.97~3.89)
否1.001.33(1.00~1.75)1.89(1.26~2.84)1.45(1.21~1.75)1.71(1.41~2.07)2.42(1.95~3.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609103466250637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各类亚型的CVD发生风险[HR(95% CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量MHNWMHOWMHOMUNWMUOWMUOP交互
性别0.106
男性1.00(ref)2.03(1.41~2.92)1.99(0.96~4.09)1.45(1.17~1.82)1.93(1.52~2.45)3.16(2.36~4.21)
女性1.001.10(0.81~1.50)1.55(1.00~2.38)1.40(1.14~1.72)1.63(1.32~2.01)2.17(1.72~2.74)
年龄(岁)0.607
45~601.001.44(1.07~1.94)1.75(1.15~2.66)1.46(1.18~1.81)1.80(1.44~2.24)2.74(2.15~3.48)
≥601.001.24(0.85~1.81)1.35(0.59~3.10)1.46(1.18~1.81)1.71(1.36~2.15)2.14(1.63~2.80)
文化程度0.214
初中及以下1.001.14(0.85~1.53)1.44(0.88~2.35)1.36(1.14~1.62)1.72(1.43~2.07)2.31(1.86~2.86)
高中及以上1.001.94(1.32~2.86)2.28(1.29~4.03)1.61(1.20~2.16)1.84(1.37~2.48)2.95(2.12~4.10)
吸烟0.614
是1.001.72(1.06~2.79)1.35(0.42~4.29)1.34(1.04~1.74)1.86(1.40~2.47)2.75(1.90~3.99)
否1.001.33(1.01~1.74)1.77(1.19~2.62)1.48(1.23~1.78)1.72(1.42~2.08)2.45(1.98~3.03)
饮酒0.700
是1.001.54(1.00~2.37)1.14(0.46~2.83)1.40(1.07~1.81)1.89(1.43~2.49)2.77(1.97~3.89)
否1.001.33(1.00~1.75)1.89(1.26~2.84)1.45(1.21~1.75)1.71(1.41~2.07)2.42(1.95~3.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609103537553806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Analysis of the association between waist to height ratio metabolic status and CVD risk

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量病例数/总数不调整HR(95% CI)调整HR(95% CI)
代谢正常非肥胖109/6501.00(ref)1.00(ref)
代谢正常腹型肥胖255/1 1081.42(1.14~1.78)1.35(1.07~1.69)
代谢异常非肥胖262/1 0691.55(1.24~1.93)1.47(1.17~1.83)
代谢异常腹型肥胖1 199/3 5262.22(1.82~2.70)1.90(1.56~2.32)
), ArticleFig(id=1322609103608856975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322609095853588827, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

腰高比-代谢状态与CVD发生风险的关联性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量病例数/总数不调整HR(95% CI)调整HR(95% CI)
代谢正常非肥胖109/6501.00(ref)1.00(ref)
代谢正常腹型肥胖255/1 1081.42(1.14~1.78)1.35(1.07~1.69)
代谢异常非肥胖262/1 0691.55(1.24~1.93)1.47(1.17~1.83)
代谢异常腹型肥胖1 199/3 5262.22(1.82~2.70)1.90(1.56~2.32)
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中老年人群代谢体重亚型与心血管疾病发病风险的队列研究——基于CHARLS数据库
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王文强 , 周瑛瑛 , 谢知
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(22): 4059-4064
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2025 , 52 (22) : 4059 -4064
中老年人群代谢体重亚型与心血管疾病发病风险的队列研究——基于CHARLS数据库
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王文强(1995—),男,硕士,医师,研究方向:性病与艾滋病防制

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王文强, 周瑛瑛, 谢知
作者信息
  • 长沙市疾病预防控制中心性病与艾滋病防制科,湖南 长沙 410004
通讯作者:
谢知,E-mail:
作者简介:

王文强(1995—),男,硕士,医师,研究方向:性病与艾滋病防制

Cohort study on the risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly populations with metabolically healthy obesity,based on the CHARLS Database
Wen-qiang WANG, Ying-ying ZHOU, Zhi XIE
Affiliations
  • The Department of STD and AIDS Prevention and Control, Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502301
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目的

探讨中老年人群不同代谢体重亚型与心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)发病风险的关联。

方法

资料来自中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS),2011年为基线,至2020年随访结束时,共纳入6 353名参与者进行分析。分别采用体质指数、腰高比与ATP-III标准组合将参与者定义为6类与4类代谢亚型,应用Cox回归探讨各类代谢亚型与CVD的发病关联。

结果

经过9.00年的随访,共有1 825人发生CVD。11.4%(n=730)的人群表现为肥胖,代谢正常肥胖(metabolically healthy obesity, MHO)在肥胖人群中的占比为16.0%。相较于代谢正常体重正常群体,MHO发生CVD的风险增加(HR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.18~2.46),代谢异常肥胖人群更高(HR=2.48, 95% CI: 2.07~2.97),敏感性分析(腰高比定义的4种亚型)也显示相似的结果。将BMI分层后显示在体重正常和超重人群中,代谢异常人群的CVD发病风险显著高于代谢正常人群。亚组分析未发现年龄、性别、受教育水平、吸烟、饮酒状态与各类代谢亚型之间存在交互作用。

结论

在中老年人群中,MHO人群与CVD的发病风险增加。在体重正常和超重人群中,代谢异常组的CVD发病风险均高于代谢正常组。MHO并非是一个良性亚型,肥胖人群需要加强其体重管理,合理减重。

心血管疾病  /  代谢正常肥胖  /  中老年人
Objective

To explore the association between different metabolic body weight subtypes and the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD)incidence in middle-aged and elderly populations.

Methods

The study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS), with the initial data collection phase implemented in 2011. By the end of the cohort follow-up in 2020, The final analytical sample comprised 6 353 eligible participants. Participants were classified into 6 and 4 metabolic subtypes respectively using combinations of body mass index, waist-to-height ratio, and ATP-III criteria. Cox regression was employed to explore the association between each metabolic subtype and the incidence of CVD.

Results

During a 9-year follow-up, 1 825 individuals developed CVD. Of the total study population, 11.4%(n=730)met the criteria for obesity, with 16.0% of these obese individuals demonstrating a metabolically healthy profile. Compared to individuals who were of normal weight and metabolically healthy, those with metabolically healthy obesity(MHO)exhibited an increased risk of CVD(HR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.18-2.46), while the risk was even higher in individuals with metabolically abnormal obesity(HR=2.48, 95% CI: 2.07-2.97).Sensitivity analysis(using the four subtypes defined by waist-to-height ratio)found consistent results. Stratification by BMI revealed that, within normal weight and overweight populations, the risk of CVD was significantly elevated in metabolically abnormal groups compared to metabolically healthy groups. Subgroup analyses did not identify interactions between age, gender, education level,smoking, or drinking status and the various metabolic subtypes.

Conclusion

In middle-aged and elderly adults, MHO is linked to a higher risk of CVD. Among normal weight and overweight individuals, the risk of CVD is higher in metabolically abnormal groups than in metabolically healthy groups.MHO is not a benign subtype, and obese individuals need to enhance their weight management and lose weight in a reasonable manner.

Cardiovascular disease  /  Metabolically healthy obesity  /  Middle-aged and elderly
王文强, 周瑛瑛, 谢知. 中老年人群代谢体重亚型与心血管疾病发病风险的队列研究——基于CHARLS数据库. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4059 -4064 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502301
Wen-qiang WANG, Ying-ying ZHOU, Zhi XIE. Cohort study on the risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly populations with metabolically healthy obesity,based on the CHARLS Database[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (22) : 4059 -4064 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502301
肥胖是心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)、糖尿病等慢性非传染性疾病的主要危险因素,由肥胖引起的疾病负担在全球范围内不断增加[1]。肥胖往往会出现多种代谢异常,如血糖受损、血压升高,血脂异常[2]。然而,研究表明,某些肥胖个体并未出现代谢异常,他们被称为代谢正常肥胖(metabolically healthy obesity, MHO),是代谢体重亚型中的一类特殊表型[3-4]。目前,关于MHO与CVD的发病关联尚无统一定论。有研究指出,与代谢正常体重正常(metabolically healthy normal weight, MHNW)相比,MHO的CVD发病风险升高[3,5],然而,也有研究显示,MHO人群并未导致CVD风险显著上升[4,6]。同样,关于代谢异常肥胖(metabolically unhealthy obesity, MUO)及其他代谢体重亚型与CVD的发病关联也尚无统一定论[6-9]。
中国健康与退休纵向研究(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS)主要调查中国45岁及以上人群的健康状况。此研究分别于2011年、2013年、2015年、2018年和2020年共完成5波数据收集工作。而关于该人群代谢体重亚型与CVD的研究却鲜有报道。因此,本研究以CHARLS的人群为研究对象,探讨不同代谢体重亚型与CVD之间的关联,旨在为该人群制定CVD的预防策略提供科学依据。
本研究的资料来源于CHARLS数据库。CHARLS是一项始于2011年的队列研究,主要关注中国45岁及以上的人群。此研究分别于2011年、2013年、2015年、2018年和2020年共完成5波数据收集工作,详细的调查方法已在先前的研究中进行了全面描述[10]。
本次研究选取CHARLS2011年的调查资料作为基线数据,选取2013年、2015年、2018年和2020年作为随访年份。随访指标为CVD新发事件,随访期间的新发CVD事件作为随访结局。基线调查共纳入17 708例参与者。排除标准:基线年龄<45岁508人,基线CVD患者2 444人、基线数据(甘油三酯、空腹血糖、BMI、血压、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、CVD)缺失6 742人、基线低体重者(BMI<18.5 Kg/m2)416人以及随访期失访1 245人,最终本研究共纳入6 353名研究对象。CHARLS研究已通过北京大学伦理审查委员会(IRB00001052-11015)的审批。
CHARLS研究通过问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测来收集资料。资料内容包括人口学资料(年龄、性别、居住地、婚姻、文化程度)、行为与生活方式(吸烟、饮酒)、代谢指标(血压、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、BMI、血压、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)及体格指标(身高、体重)。吸烟定义为烟支总数超过100支。饮酒定义为过去一年饮用酒精性饮料(啤酒、烈性酒、葡萄酒等)≥1次。身高、体重、血压的测量及血样的采集方法在先前的研究中已有报道[11]。生化指标均在首都医科大学实验室完成检测。
根据中国肥胖问题工作组规定[12],根据BMI将研究对象划分为四类:体重过低(BMI<18.5 kg/m2)、体重正常(BMI为18.5~23.9 kg/m2)、超重(BMI为24.0~27.9 kg/m2)以及肥胖(BMI≥28.0 kg/m2)。根据腰高比=腰围(cm)/身高(cm)将研究对象分为腹型肥胖(腰高比≥0.5)与非肥胖(腰高比<0.5)[13]。采用NCEP-ATPⅢ(2005)[14]中的代谢综合征组分来定义代谢状态(因腰围与BMI存在共线性,将其去除):代谢正常被定义为以下4项代谢异常指标中不超过1项,代谢异常则被定义为下列4项代谢异常指标中超过1项。(1)甘油三酯≥1.70 mmol/L;(2)收缩压≥130 mmHg和(或)舒张压≥85 mmHg,或者已诊断为高血压;(3)空腹血糖≥5.6 mmol/L,或者已诊断为2型糖尿病;(4)男性高密度脂蛋白胆固醇<1.04 mmol/L、女性<1.30 mmol/L。根据上述代谢状态与BMI分类,将研究对象分为以下6种亚型:代谢正常体重正常(metabolically healthy normal weight, MHNW),代谢异常体重正常(metabolically unhealthy normal weight,MUNW),代谢正常超重(metabolically healthy overweight, MHOW),代谢异常超重(metabolically unhealthy overweight, MUOW),代谢正常肥胖(metabolically healthy obesity, MHO),代谢异常肥胖(metabolically unhealthy obesity, MUO);根据上述代谢状态与腰高比分类,将研究对象分为以下4种亚型:代谢正常非肥胖,代谢正常腹型肥胖,代谢异常非肥胖,代谢异常肥胖。
根据先前的研究[10],采用标准化的问卷询问参与者,如果参与者报告在随访期间发生了心脏病(心脏病发作、冠心病、心绞痛、充血性心力衰竭或其他心脏问题)和中风疾病中的任何一种则被定义为CVD患者。所有报告CVD的参与者均需提供相应的医疗记录进行证明。
用均数±标准差描述计量资料,率或构成比描述计数资料。用方差分析比较各组间的均数,χ2检验比较构成比。采用Cox回归分析BMI类别、代谢状态、代谢异常组分及6种亚型与CVD发病风险的关系。模型调整了年龄、性别、婚姻、受教育水平、地区、吸烟、饮酒、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。采用亚组分析方法,探究上述6种亚型与CVD发病风险的关系是否会因性别、年龄、教育水平、吸烟及饮酒状况的不同而有所变化。最后,采用敏感性分析方法探讨腰高比定义的4种亚型与CVD发病风险的关系。检验水准α=0.05,统计分析运用SPSS 20.0 。
本研究共纳入研究对象6 353人(男性2 889人,女性3 464人),平均年龄为57.9±8.5岁,中位随访时间为9.00人年。在随访期间共有1 825人新发CVD(MHNW:227人,MUNW:688人,MHOW:104人、MUOW:514人、MHO:33人、MUO:259人),CVD的发病率为28.7%。其中,MHO和MUO人群CVD的发病率分别为28.2%和42.3%。如表1所示,总人群中代谢正常1 758人,占比27.7%,其中MHO 117人,占比1.8%;肥胖共730人,占比11.4%,其中16.0%为MHO。与MUO人群相比,MHO人群更加年轻,女性比例更高,并且呈现出更加健康的代谢状态。
如表2所示,多因素调整后,与体重正常组相比,超重组发生CVD的风险升高(HR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.18~1.45);肥胖组的CVD风险更高(HR=1.85, 95% CI: 1.61~2.11)。与代谢组分正常的人群相比,血压与血糖组分异常人群发生CVD的风险均升高。其中,血压组分异常人群发生CVD的风险最高(HR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.32~1.60)。相较于代谢正常组,代谢异常组的CVD发病风险升高(HR=1.48, 95% CI 1.31~1.66)。
如表3所示,按BMI进行分层后经多因素调整结果显示,在体重正常和超重人群中,代谢异常组的CVD发病风险均高于代谢正常组。两组的HR值(95% CI)分别是1.43(1.23~1.66)和1.25(1.01~1.55)。
如表4所示,多因素调整后,以MHNW组为对照,其他5个组CVD的发病风险均显著增加。其中,MHO组的CVD发病风险是MHNW的1.70倍(95% CI: 1.18~2.46),MUO组的CVD发病风险在所有组别中最为显著,为2.48倍(95% CI: 2.07~2.97)。
如表5所示,在不同性别、年龄、受教育水平、吸烟、饮酒状态中进行分析,相较于MHNW,MUO的CVD发病风险升高;未发现以上因素与各类代谢亚型之间存在交互作用。
如表6所示,多因素调整后,以代谢正常非肥胖组为对照,其他3个组CVD的发病风险均显著增加。其中,代谢正常腹型肥胖组的CVD发病风险是代谢正常非肥胖的1.35倍(95% CI: 1.07~1.69),代谢异常腹型肥胖组的CVD发病风险在所有组别中最为显著,为1.90倍(95% CI: 1.56~2.32)。
本研究发现中老年人群MHO的患病率为1.8%,在肥胖人群中占比为16.0%。与MUO人群相比,MHO人群的年龄较低,女性比例较高。以MHNW人群为对照,MHO人群的CVD发病风险有所上升,MUO人群的发病风险则更为显著。敏感性分析也显示相似的结果。亚组分析未发现性别、年龄、受教育水平、吸烟、饮酒状态与各类代谢亚型之间存在交互作用。
目前,MHO与CVD发病风险之间的关系尚未达成一致结论。有报道表明与MHNW相比,MHO人群会增加CVD的发病风险[7,15],本研究结论与此结果一致。这可能与肥胖人群的总血容量和心输出量更高,导致心脏和血管系统的结构和功能改变有关,有研究表明血管内容量增加和神经体液机制(肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统上调和交感神经系统过度兴奋)会导致左心室肥厚,由此会进一步引起左心室充盈压升高,最终导致左心室舒张功能障碍和心力衰竭的发生风险升高[16]。另一项随机对照研究显示,减重3~9%可使约49%的个体从持续性房颤逆转为阵发性或无房颤,从而降低CVD的发病风险,大幅减重的临床效果更显著[17]。相反,另有研究揭示,MHO的CVD风险没有升高[18-19]。导致结果不一致可能是与MHO的诊断标准不同有关,有研究表明即使是同一人群,采取不同的MHO诊断标准也会导致结果有所差异[20]。代谢正常的界定多数是基于代谢异常的数量(如0~1,≤2或≤3)作为划分依据。此次用ATP-Ⅲ来定义代谢,是基于众多研究证实该标准具有较好的合理性,且其设定的代谢风险临界值已在多种研究下得到广泛验证[4,8,21]。
本研究显示超重与肥胖人群会增加CVD发病风险,国内的一项研究也发现,超重和肥胖人群发生CVD的风险分别是体重正常人群的2.35倍和5.73倍[22]。这一发现揭示MHO并非健康状态,表明MHO人群应通过加强锻炼和改善饮食来减轻体重,以降低CVD的风险。
研究表明,相较于MHO,MUO人群的CVD发生风险并未上升[7-8],这与本研究的结果一致。然而,其他研究显示,与MHO相比,MUO人群的CVD风险有所上升[6,9]。本研究另一个结果表明,即便在体重正常的群体中,代谢异常也会导致CVD风险升高。同样,一项大型队列研究也表明与MHNW组相比,MUNW组发生CVD的风险增加了68%[6]。潜在的原因可能是与MUNW个体体内炎症标志物水平较高有关[5]。提示需重视体重正常人群的监测需求,从而防止疾病风险的升高。
本研究优势包括以下几个方面。首先,这项调查的数据来自中国大陆28个省份,具有全国代表性,平均每2~3年进行一次随访,本研究所选的样本分别在2013年、2015年、2018年和2020年进行4次随访。其次,采用标准化的问卷询问CVD结局事件,CVD患者需要提供相应的医疗记录进行证明,从而确保结局的准确性。采用统一校准的仪器测量身高、体重和血压,采用实验室的全自动生化分析仪检测代谢指标,并且通过严格培训调查员、加强实验室流程质控以及数据校验等方面减少测量误差。最后,本研究在45岁及以上人群中探讨6类BMI-代谢亚型与CVD的发病关联,并且通过敏感性分析进一步验证结果的稳定性。
本研究也有一定的局限性。首先,研究对象的年龄范围局限于45岁以上的中老年群体,这限制了研究结论外推到其他年龄段人群。其次,本研究缺乏饮食、体育锻炼及其他相关指标,导致在分析时无法对其进行调整,从而无法控制混杂因素,这可能会影响MHO与CVD的发病关联。
综上所述,相较于MHNW人群,MHO增加了中老年人群的CVD发病风险,MUO则更高。在体重正常和超重人群中,代谢异常组的CVD发病风险较代谢正常组都升高。这提示MHO并非是一个良性亚型,肥胖人群需要加强其体重管理,合理减重。

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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202502301
  • 接收时间:2025-02-23
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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    长沙市疾病预防控制中心性病与艾滋病防制科,湖南 长沙 410004

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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