Article(id=1241329578283692607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501391, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1737561600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773885634251, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773885634251, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773885634251, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885634251, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241329570129956900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='13', pageStart='2305', pageEnd='2496', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773885632307, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885763730, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241330121425080472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241330121425080473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2305, endPage=2309, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241329578631819871, articleId=1241329578283692607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Mediating effects of visceral fat rate and muscle rate on the relationship between menopausal age and blood glucose levels, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the mediating effects of visceral fat rate and muscle rate on the relationship between menopausal age and blood glucose levels in naturally postmenopausal women, providing references for diabetes prevention.

Methods

Participants were selected from the Guangzhou Chronic Disease Prospective Cohort Study.Baseline data including demographic characteristics, menopausal status, visceral fat rate, muscle rate, fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles were collected.Generalized linear models were used to analyze the relationships between menopausal age and visceral fat rate, muscle rate, and blood glucose levels.

Results

The study included 1 939 naturally postmenopausal women with menopausal age ≥46 years (mean age 59.1±5.1 years, mean menopausal age 50.9±2.4 years). After adjusting for confounders, menopausal age showed linear associations with visceral fat rate (β=0.054, 95%CI: 0.024-0.083), muscle rate (β=-0.113, 95%CI: -0.193 to -0.032), and blood glucose (β=0.032, 95%CI: 0.009-0.055). Visceral fat rate and muscle rate partially mediated the relationship between menopausal age and blood glucose, accounting for 17.04% and 11.65% of the total effect respectively.

Conclusion

Later menopausal age may influence blood glucose levels partially through increasing visceral fat accumulation and decreasing muscle mass in postmenopausal women.

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目的

探究自然绝经后女性内脏脂肪率、肌肉率在绝经年龄与血糖关系的中介作用,为防控绝经后女性糖尿病提供参考。

方法

研究对象从广州中老年人慢性病前瞻性队列研究中选取,基线收集一般人口特征指标和女性生理数据,测量内脏脂肪率、肌肉率、空腹血糖、血脂等指标;采用广义线性模型分析绝经年龄与内脏脂肪率、肌肉率和血糖之间的关系。

结果

本研究纳入绝经年龄≥46岁的自然绝经后女性1 939名,平均年龄(59.1±5.1)岁,平均绝经年龄(50.9±2.4)岁。调整相关混杂因素后,绝经年龄分别与内脏脂肪率(β=0.054,95%CI:0.024~0.083)、肌肉率(β=-0.113,95%CI:-0.193~-0.032)和血糖(β=0.032,95%CI:0.009~0.055)呈线性相关,内脏脂肪率和肌肉率部分介导了绝经年龄和血糖之间的关系,中介效应分别占17.04%和11.65%。

结论

绝经年龄延迟可能部分通过增加内脏脂肪量和减少肌肉质量的介导进而影响血糖水平。

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张维森,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=leGLUOZs071phcJOHcldEw==, magXml=nZ64FM4GjrmvQ2LwsIWPOw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=zP9GAACQHqIBQJIL3g60Hw==, pdfFileSize=708507, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=8FpOSNyUrSD+/g/akGm3mQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Q23ImEZL7mChtL0twA2ZMA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

罗娇玲(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:慢性非传染性疾病

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罗娇玲(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:慢性非传染性疾病

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Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2016, 24(10): 2217-2223., articleTitle=Changes in adiposity in an older Chinese population in rapid economic transition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329767891399082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=32, issue=1, pageStart=56, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=28, authorNames=何权瀛, 高莹慧, journalName=中华结核和呼吸杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何权瀛, 高莹慧.关于吸烟问题若干名词定义[J] .中华结核和呼吸杂志200932(1):56., articleTitle=关于吸烟问题若干名词定义, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329767950119339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=32, issue=1, pageStart=56, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=29, authorNames=He QY, Gao YH, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, refType=null, unstructuredReference=He QY, Gao YH. Definitions of several terms related to smoking[J] .Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, 2009, 32(1): 56.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Definitions of several terms related to smoking, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329768046588332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=27, issue=5, pageStart=362, pageEnd=365, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=30, authorNames=马冠生, 朱丹红, 胡小琪, journalName=营养学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马冠生,朱丹红,胡小琪,等.中国居民饮酒行为现况[J] .营养学报200527(5):362-365., articleTitle=中国居民饮酒行为现况, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329770156323245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=27, issue=5, pageStart=362, pageEnd=365, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=31, authorNames=Ma GS, Zhu DH, Hu XQ, journalName=Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ma GS, Zhu DH, Hu XQ, et al. Current status of drinking behavior among Chinese residents[J] . Acta Nutrimenta Sinica, 2005, 27(5): 362-365.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Current status of drinking behavior among Chinese residents, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329770269569454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=303, pageEnd=307, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Deng HB, Macfarlane DJ, Thomas GN, journalName=Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Deng HB, Macfarlane DJ, Thomas GN, et al. Reliability and validity of the IPAQ-Chinese: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study[J] . 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Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1995,30(1): 41., articleTitle=A simulation study of mediated effect measures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329770609308081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=12, pageStart=1544, pageEnd=1548, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=35, authorNames=吴永君, 张维森, 周柏靖, journalName=中国公共卫生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴永君,张维森,周柏靖,等.自然绝经年龄与绝经后肥胖关系[J] .中国公共卫生202238(12):1544-1548., articleTitle=自然绝经年龄与绝经后肥胖关系, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329770718359986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=38, issue=12, pageStart=1544, pageEnd=1548, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=36, authorNames=Wu YJ, Zhang WS, Zhou BJ, journalName=Chinese Journal of Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu YJ, Zhang WS, Zhou BJ, et al. Correlation between age at natural menopause and postmenopausal obesity: a population-based cross-sectional study in Guangzhou city[J] . Chinese Journal of Public Health,2022, 38(12): 1544-1548.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Correlation between age at natural menopause and postmenopausal obesity: a population-based cross-sectional study in Guangzhou city, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329770856772019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=29, issue=5, pageStart=590, pageEnd=598, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=37, authorNames=Zhao Y, Wang S, Yang Y, journalName=Menopause (New York), refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao Y, Wang S, Yang Y, et al. Mediation effect of body mass index on the association between age at menopause and type 2 diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal Chinese women[J] . Menopause (New York), 2022, 29(5): 590-598., articleTitle=Mediation effect of body mass index on the association between age at menopause and type 2 diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal Chinese women, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241329770957435316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=3, pageStart=143, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=38, authorNames=Park JY, Chung YJ, Song JY, journalName=J Menopausal Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Park JY, Chung YJ, Song JY, et al. Sarcopenic obesity: a comprehensive approach for postmenopausal women[J] . J Menopausal Med, 2024, 30(3): 143-151., articleTitle=Sarcopenic obesity: a comprehensive approach for postmenopausal women, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241329764766642526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, awardId=2017YFC0907105, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0907105), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241329757535662105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329757556633628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, companyId=1241329757535662105, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou, Guangdong 510620, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329757565022237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, companyId=1241329757535662105, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广州医科大学附属市十二人民医院分子流行病学研究室,广东 广州 510620)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241329757653102630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329757661491239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, companyId=1241329757653102630, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广州市第十二人民医院广州生物库队列研究组,广东 广州 510620)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241329763940364600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Mediation effect analysis of visceral fat rate on the relationship between menopause age and blood glucose, figureFileSmall=dyA8iZeQTVOnCW+l2DimMQ==, figureFileBig=8FpOSNyUrSD+/g/akGm3mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241329764066193726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, language=CN, label=图1, caption=内脏脂肪率在绝经年龄与血糖之间的中介效应分析

注:“c”表示自变量X对因变量Y的总效应,“a”表示X对中介变量M的影响,“b”表示在控制X后M对Y的影响,“c’”表示在控制M后X对Y的直接效应,“e1,e2,e3”表示方程的误差项;中介效应为“a*b”,总效应“c”等于中介效应“a*b”加上直接效应c’,即c=c’+a*b;模型调整了年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、职业、家庭年收入、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、饮食情况、体力活动、初潮年龄、生育孩子数、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。

, figureFileSmall=dyA8iZeQTVOnCW+l2DimMQ==, figureFileBig=8FpOSNyUrSD+/g/akGm3mQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241329764166857025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Mediation analysis of muscle mass on the relationship between menopause age and blood glucose, figureFileSmall=X7pD2ztaia0c9oLxGBGJBw==, figureFileBig=SwemrE1WT8i7+FaOsZXgmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241329764246548810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, language=CN, label=图2, caption=肌肉率在绝经年龄与血糖之间的中介效应分析

注:“c”表示自变量X对因变量Y的总效应,“a”表示X对中介变量M的影响,“b”表示在控制X后M对Y的影响,“c’”表示在控制M后X对Y的直接效应,“e1,e2,e3”表示方程的误差项;中介效应为“a*b”,总效应“c”等于中介效应“a*b”加上直接效应c’,即c=c’+a*b;模型调整了年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、职业、家庭年收入、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、饮食情况、体力活动、初潮年龄、生育孩子数、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。

, figureFileSmall=X7pD2ztaia0c9oLxGBGJBw==, figureFileBig=SwemrE1WT8i7+FaOsZXgmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241329764330434890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Distribution of general demographic characteristics among 1 939 study participants [(),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量自然绝经年龄(岁)F/χ2P
≥46
n=1 939)
46~54
n=1 762)
≥55
n=177)
年龄(岁)59.1±5.158.9±5.161.3±4.538.913<0.001
婚姻状况1.6450.200
已婚1 741(89.8)1 587(90.1)154(87.0)
单身198(10.2)175(9.9)23(13.0)
文化程度3.8660.276
≤小学146(7.5)131(7.4)15(8.4)
初中371(19.1)342(19.4)29(16.4)
高中1 097(56.6)1 002(56.9)95(53.7)
≥大专325(16.8)287(16.3)38(21.5)
职业12.3110.002
手工作业823(42.4)762(43.2)61(34.5)
非手工作业549(28.4)479(27.2)70(39.5)
其他567(29.2)521(29.6)46(26.0)
家庭年收入(万元)3.1520.207
<7.0821(42.3)735(41.7)86(48.6)
≥7.01 103(56.9)1 013(57.5)90(50.8)
不确定15(0.8)14(0.8)1(0.6)
吸烟1.5080.470
不吸烟1 836(94.7)1 670(94.8)166(93.8)
戒烟95(4.9)84(4.8)11(6.2)
目前吸烟8(0.4)8(0.4)0(0)
饮酒6.5930.037
不饮酒1 427(73.6)1 310(74.3)117(66.1)
戒酒366(18.9)326(18.5)40(22.6)
目前饮酒146(7.5)126(7.2)20(11.3)
饮食习惯2.1140.549
没有什么限制987(50.9)906(51.4)81(45.8)
多吃肉类44(2.3)40(2.3)4(2.2)
多吃蔬菜水果760(39.2)683(38.8)77(43.5)
特别饮食a148(7.6)133(7.5)15(8.5)
体力活动4.0030.135
474(24.4)420(23.8)54(30.5)
1 414(72.9)1 296(73.6)118(66.7)
51(2.7)46(2.6)5(2.8)
初潮年龄(岁)4.0340.258
<13425(21.9)386(21.9)39(22.0)
13~161 308(67.4)1 194(67.7)114(64.4)
>16193(10.0)172(9.8)21(11.9)
未知13(0.7)10(0.6)3(1.7)
绝经年限(年)34.580<0.001
≤6755(38.9)653(37.1)102(57.6)
7~9536(27.7)490(27.8)46(26.0)
≥10648(33.4)619(35.1)29(16.4)
生育孩子数(个)3.5950.309
0133(6.9)123(7.0)10(5.6)
11 509(77.8)1 370(77.7)139(78.5)
2221(11.4)204(11.6)17(9.6)
≥376(3.9)65(3.7)11(6.3)
VFP(%)6.7±1.66.7±1.67.2±1.615.845<0.001
MR(%)63.1±4.463.2±4.462.4±4.46.0020.014
TCHO(mmol/L)5.6±1.05.6±1.05.5±1.01.8330.176
TRIG(mmol/L)1.7±1.21.6±1.11.8±1.45.0600.025
HDL-C(mmol/L)1.8±0.41.8±0.41.7±0.45.2950.021
LDL-C(mmol/L)3.1±0.83.1±0.83.0±0.82.7880.095
), ArticleFig(id=1241329764506595666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578283692607, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1939名研究对象一般人口特征指标分布[(),n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量自然绝经年龄(岁)F/χ2P
≥46
n=1 939)
46~54
n=1 762)
≥55
n=177)
年龄(岁)59.1±5.158.9±5.161.3±4.538.913<0.001
婚姻状况1.6450.200
已婚1 741(89.8)1 587(90.1)154(87.0)
单身198(10.2)175(9.9)23(13.0)
文化程度3.8660.276
≤小学146(7.5)131(7.4)15(8.4)
初中371(19.1)342(19.4)29(16.4)
高中1 097(56.6)1 002(56.9)95(53.7)
≥大专325(16.8)287(16.3)38(21.5)
职业12.3110.002
手工作业823(42.4)762(43.2)61(34.5)
非手工作业549(28.4)479(27.2)70(39.5)
其他567(29.2)521(29.6)46(26.0)
家庭年收入(万元)3.1520.207
<7.0821(42.3)735(41.7)86(48.6)
≥7.01 103(56.9)1 013(57.5)90(50.8)
不确定15(0.8)14(0.8)1(0.6)
吸烟1.5080.470
不吸烟1 836(94.7)1 670(94.8)166(93.8)
戒烟95(4.9)84(4.8)11(6.2)
目前吸烟8(0.4)8(0.4)0(0)
饮酒6.5930.037
不饮酒1 427(73.6)1 310(74.3)117(66.1)
戒酒366(18.9)326(18.5)40(22.6)
目前饮酒146(7.5)126(7.2)20(11.3)
饮食习惯2.1140.549
没有什么限制987(50.9)906(51.4)81(45.8)
多吃肉类44(2.3)40(2.3)4(2.2)
多吃蔬菜水果760(39.2)683(38.8)77(43.5)
特别饮食a148(7.6)133(7.5)15(8.5)
体力活动4.0030.135
474(24.4)420(23.8)54(30.5)
1 414(72.9)1 296(73.6)118(66.7)
51(2.7)46(2.6)5(2.8)
初潮年龄(岁)4.0340.258
<13425(21.9)386(21.9)39(22.0)
13~161 308(67.4)1 194(67.7)114(64.4)
>16193(10.0)172(9.8)21(11.9)
未知13(0.7)10(0.6)3(1.7)
绝经年限(年)34.580<0.001
≤6755(38.9)653(37.1)102(57.6)
7~9536(27.7)490(27.8)46(26.0)
≥10648(33.4)619(35.1)29(16.4)
生育孩子数(个)3.5950.309
0133(6.9)123(7.0)10(5.6)
11 509(77.8)1 370(77.7)139(78.5)
2221(11.4)204(11.6)17(9.6)
≥376(3.9)65(3.7)11(6.3)
VFP(%)6.7±1.66.7±1.67.2±1.615.845<0.001
MR(%)63.1±4.463.2±4.462.4±4.46.0020.014
TCHO(mmol/L)5.6±1.05.6±1.05.5±1.01.8330.176
TRIG(mmol/L)1.7±1.21.6±1.11.8±1.45.0600.025
HDL-C(mmol/L)1.8±0.41.8±0.41.7±0.45.2950.021
LDL-C(mmol/L)3.1±0.83.1±0.83.0±0.82.7880.095
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内脏脂肪率、肌肉率在绝经年龄与血糖关系中的中介作用
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罗娇玲 1 , 张维森 2 , 柴智浩 1 , 朱峰 2 , 朱彤 2 , 靳雅丽 2 , 潘静 2 , 江朝强 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(13): 2305-2309
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025, 52(13): 2305-2309
内脏脂肪率、肌肉率在绝经年龄与血糖关系中的中介作用
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罗娇玲1, 张维森2 , 柴智浩1, 朱峰2, 朱彤2, 靳雅丽2, 潘静2, 江朝强2
作者信息
  • 1.广州医科大学附属市十二人民医院分子流行病学研究室,广东 广州 510620
  • 2.广州市第十二人民医院广州生物库队列研究组,广东 广州 510620
  • 罗娇玲(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:慢性非传染性疾病

通讯作者:

张维森,E-mail:
Mediating effects of visceral fat rate and muscle rate on the relationship between menopausal age and blood glucose levels
Jiao-ling LUO1, Wei-sen ZHANG2 , Zhi-hao CHAI1, Feng ZHU2, Tong ZHU2, Ya-li JIN2, Jing PAN2, Chao-qiang JIANG2
Affiliations
  • Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Guangzhou Twelfth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou, Guangdong 510620, China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501391
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目的

探究自然绝经后女性内脏脂肪率、肌肉率在绝经年龄与血糖关系的中介作用,为防控绝经后女性糖尿病提供参考。

方法

研究对象从广州中老年人慢性病前瞻性队列研究中选取,基线收集一般人口特征指标和女性生理数据,测量内脏脂肪率、肌肉率、空腹血糖、血脂等指标;采用广义线性模型分析绝经年龄与内脏脂肪率、肌肉率和血糖之间的关系。

结果

本研究纳入绝经年龄≥46岁的自然绝经后女性1 939名,平均年龄(59.1±5.1)岁,平均绝经年龄(50.9±2.4)岁。调整相关混杂因素后,绝经年龄分别与内脏脂肪率(β=0.054,95%CI:0.024~0.083)、肌肉率(β=-0.113,95%CI:-0.193~-0.032)和血糖(β=0.032,95%CI:0.009~0.055)呈线性相关,内脏脂肪率和肌肉率部分介导了绝经年龄和血糖之间的关系,中介效应分别占17.04%和11.65%。

结论

绝经年龄延迟可能部分通过增加内脏脂肪量和减少肌肉质量的介导进而影响血糖水平。

绝经年龄  /  内脏脂肪率  /  肌肉率  /  绝经后妇女  /  血糖
Objective

To investigate the mediating effects of visceral fat rate and muscle rate on the relationship between menopausal age and blood glucose levels in naturally postmenopausal women, providing references for diabetes prevention.

Methods

Participants were selected from the Guangzhou Chronic Disease Prospective Cohort Study.Baseline data including demographic characteristics, menopausal status, visceral fat rate, muscle rate, fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles were collected.Generalized linear models were used to analyze the relationships between menopausal age and visceral fat rate, muscle rate, and blood glucose levels.

Results

The study included 1 939 naturally postmenopausal women with menopausal age ≥46 years (mean age 59.1±5.1 years, mean menopausal age 50.9±2.4 years). After adjusting for confounders, menopausal age showed linear associations with visceral fat rate (β=0.054, 95%CI: 0.024-0.083), muscle rate (β=-0.113, 95%CI: -0.193 to -0.032), and blood glucose (β=0.032, 95%CI: 0.009-0.055). Visceral fat rate and muscle rate partially mediated the relationship between menopausal age and blood glucose, accounting for 17.04% and 11.65% of the total effect respectively.

Conclusion

Later menopausal age may influence blood glucose levels partially through increasing visceral fat accumulation and decreasing muscle mass in postmenopausal women.

Menopausal age  /  Visceral fat rate  /  Muscle rate  /  Postmenopausal women  /  Blood glucose
罗娇玲, 张维森, 柴智浩, 朱峰, 朱彤, 靳雅丽, 潘静, 江朝强. 内脏脂肪率、肌肉率在绝经年龄与血糖关系中的中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (13) : 2305 -2309 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501391
Jiao-ling LUO, Wei-sen ZHANG, Zhi-hao CHAI, Feng ZHU, Tong ZHU, Ya-li JIN, Jing PAN, Chao-qiang JIANG. Mediating effects of visceral fat rate and muscle rate on the relationship between menopausal age and blood glucose levels[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (13) : 2305 -2309 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501391
糖尿病是一种由于胰岛素分泌不足或作用缺陷导致血糖升高的代谢性疾病[1],近年来致残率和病死率呈上升趋势,患病率较高[2]。截至2021年,全球约有5.37亿例糖尿病患者,预测每年增加0.1亿糖尿病患者[3]。随着经济发展、营养水平提升,女性绝经年龄逐渐推迟,目前我国女性的平均绝经年龄约为48~50岁[4-5]。国内外研究发现,绝经年龄延迟与糖尿病风险增加相关[6-8]。本团队前研究发现,绝经年龄延迟可增加高内脏脂肪率[4]和低肌肉率[9]的风险;内脏脂肪率和肌肉率与血糖水平之间存在相关性,内脏脂肪减少[10]、肌肉比例增加[11]均可降低血糖水平,反而内脏脂肪率越高,肌肉率越低,血糖水平也越高[12-13]。研究提示内脏脂肪率和肌肉率可能在绝经年龄与糖尿病之间的关系中扮演着一定的角色,然而,目前关于内脏脂肪率、肌肉率在绝经年龄与绝经后女性血糖水平相关性中的中介效应,相关研究报道甚少[14-15]。因此,本文在前研究基础上[4,9,16]利用国家重点研发计划项目子课题“广州中老年人慢性病前瞻性队列研究”基线数据,探讨内脏脂肪率、肌肉率在绝经年龄与血糖关系中的中介作用,以期为绝经女性糖尿病预防与控制措施的制定提供科学参考。
研究对象来自国家重点研发计划项目子课题“广州中老年人慢性病前瞻性队列研究”,本研究纳入标准:广州户籍居民,自愿报名参加,绝经年龄≥46岁者,能自行到项目单位广州市第十二人民医院参加问卷调查和免费体检。排除标准:有子宫、卵巢或乳腺切除者,有性激素替代治疗者,或绝经年龄≤45岁者;存在认知或其他神经、精神疾患且无法正常沟通者,或来自门诊或住院的患者。满足条件且血糖、绝经年龄、体成分和相关协变量指标数据齐全者选人本研究分析,共有1 939名。本研究获得广州市第十二人民医院医学伦理委员会审查批准[第(2017002)号],所有研究对象了解研究内容并签署知情同意书,自愿参与。
(1)问卷调查:参考国家示范队列和广州生物库队列制定标准化电子问卷,由5~6名经培训合格的研究助理进行面对面调查和信息录入,收集内容包括一般人口特征(性别、年龄、婚姻状况等)、社会经济状况(文化程度、职业、家庭年收入等)、生活方式(吸烟、饮酒、体力活动和饮食习惯等)、女性生育和生理健康情况(绝经年龄、初潮年龄、生育孩子数、激素代替治疗史、妇科疾病史、手术史和既往病史等)。(2)采集清晨空腹静脉血,血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯等生化指标均于当天检测,检测设备为cobasc311型全自动生化仪(瑞士罗氏公司)。内脏脂肪率、肌肉率采用日本TANITA百利达BC-567人体成分分析仪(东莞百利达健康器材有限公司)测量。读数精确到0.1。
(1)自然绝经年龄分正常(46~54岁)和推迟(≥55岁)两组[17-18]。(2)职业分为手工作业、非手工作业和其他[19]。手工作业包括工人、农林牧渔场所劳动者、销售、服务人员;非手工作业者包括行政管理、行政技术人员及军人警察;其他职业包括家庭主妇及没有职业或职业不明确者。(3)吸烟和饮酒各分三组,分别为不吸烟、已戒烟和目前吸烟[20],以及不饮酒、已戒酒和目前饮酒[21]。不吸烟指研究对象以前或者现在都不吸烟;已戒烟指以前吸烟但是现在已经不吸烟超过一年;目前吸烟指每天吸烟至少一支且持续一年以上。不饮酒指以前或现在都不喝酒;已戒酒指以前饮酒但现在至少一年不喝酒;目前饮酒指过去一年内有饮酒行为。(4)体力活动:采用简版国际体力活动问卷(IPAQ)短卷[22],根据其过去7 d不同强度活动类型的活动天数和时间计算总的代谢能量值(MET),然后排序按三分类划分将体力活动强度分为低、中、高三组。
采用SPSS 28.0专业统计软件进行分析,不同自然绝经年龄的一般人口特征指标分布比较用χ2检验;年龄、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、内脏脂肪率及肌肉率的组间比较用方差分析;中介效应分析采用广义线性模型。中介分析根据Baron和Kenny准则计算[23]。中介效应等于间接效应(indirect effect),即等于系数乘积ab,它与总效应和直接效应有下面关系[24]:c=c’+ab。检验水准α=0.05。
1 939名研究对象平均年龄(59.1±5.1)岁,平均绝经年龄(50.9±2.4)岁。表1显示,绝经年龄推迟组(≥55岁)年龄较大(P<0.001)。研究对象大部分为已婚、高中文化、家庭年收入≥7.0万元、不吸烟、不饮酒(P=0.037)、饮食没有什么限制、体力活动代谢能量中等、多数初潮年龄正常(13~16岁)、只生育1个孩子、绝经年限≤6年(P<0.001)、从事手工作业,但推迟组(≥55岁)大部分从事非手工作业,职业组间差异具有显著性(P=0.002)。推迟组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(P=0.095)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(P=0.021)及总胆固醇(P=0.176)较低,但甘油三酯较高(P=0.025),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯组间差异具有显著性。内脏脂肪率随着绝经年龄增加升高(P<0.001),肌肉率随着绝经年龄增加降低(P=0.014)。
图1显示,绝经年龄分别与内脏脂肪率和血糖正相关,内脏脂肪率也与血糖正相关,内脏脂肪率部分介导了绝经年龄和血糖之间的关系,中介效应占17.04%。图2显示,绝经年龄与肌肉率负相关,与血糖正相关;肌肉率与血糖负相关,肌肉率部分介导了绝经年龄和血糖之间的关系,中介效应占11.65%。
本研究对广州社区1 939名绝经年龄46岁及以上的自然绝经中老年女性的调查发现,绝经年龄与血糖水平相关,内脏脂肪率和肌肉率部分介导了两者间的关系,中介效应占比分别为17.04%和11.65%。
雌激素在调控能量代谢、脂肪组织分布和心血管疾病、糖尿病等方面有着积极作用。随着社会经济发展、营养水平的提升,女性绝经年龄也在逐渐推迟,由此也带来雌激素水平的变化和相应的健康问题。虽然已有研究发现,绝经年龄延迟与肥胖[25]和糖尿病[6-8]相关,但是,关于肥胖在介导绝经年龄与绝经后血糖水平的相关性方面,相关研究报道甚少,用“绝经年龄”和“中介效应”作为检索词在知网和中华核心期刊网上检索,以及用“(age at menopause)AND(mediation)AND(diabetes)”在Pubmed上联合检索,仅找到1篇横断面研究报道,研究提示,身体质量指数(BMI)部分介导了绝经年龄与空腹血糖和2 h餐后血糖之间的关系,中介效应占比分别为5.42%和7.69%[26]。暂未发现关于内脏脂肪率、肌肉率介导绝经年龄与绝经后女性血糖水平间关系的相关报道。本研究发现内脏脂肪率和肌肉率的中介效应分别为17.04%和11.65%,高于Zhao的报道,研究提示,控制体重,尤其是控制内脏脂肪堆积和保持或减少肌肉量丢失对防控绝经年龄延迟者绝经后糖尿病高发风险有一定作用。女性从围绝经期起雌激素下降加速,雌激素缺乏将同时驱动内脏脂肪堆积和肌肉流失,形成协同代谢损害,导致糖尿病发生风险增高,即所谓的代谢紊乱双通道假说(脂肪-肌肉失衡假说)[27]。本研究的两个中介路径累加效应达28.69%,提示若做好绝经后体成分管理,可能使绝经年龄延迟者获得1/2到1/3的控糖收益,从而大大减少发生糖尿病风险。
本研究基于“广州中老年人慢性病前瞻性队列研究”,收集的相关协变量较为系统、完整,全程进行质量控制,同时对收集的数据进行严格清洗并剔除缺失值、异常值。而且排除基线调查前已患糖尿病患者服用降糖药带来的不利影响,能够更好地解释内脏脂肪率、肌肉率在绝经年龄与血糖关系中的中介效应。不足之处在于是基于基线调查的横断面研究,自报的绝经年龄可能具有回忆偏倚,但是绝经女性生理特征明显,回忆偏倚误差较小。
综上所述,内脏脂肪率和肌肉率可部分介导绝经年龄与血糖的关系。建议关注绝经年龄延迟者绝经后内脏脂肪和肌肉质量状况,采取有效的综合措施控制体重,尤其是降低体脂率,同时加强阻抗性体育锻炼减缓肌肉退化流失,预防糖尿病。
  • 国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0907105)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501391
  • 接收时间:2025-01-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-23
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国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0907105)
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    1.广州医科大学附属市十二人民医院分子流行病学研究室,广东 广州 510620
    2.广州市第十二人民医院广州生物库队列研究组,广东 广州 510620

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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