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Article(id=1322607914309759380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322607837742747790, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501190, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736438400000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793263899638, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793263899638, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793263899638, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793263899638, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322607837742747790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='20', pageStart='3649', pageEnd='3840', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1761321600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793263881383, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793264238791, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322609336933794638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322607837742747790, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322609336933794639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322607837742747790, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3780, endPage=3784, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322607915219923350, articleId=1322607914309759380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The influence of adverse childhood experiences on the aggregation of health-endangering behaviors in college students: the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and self-control, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the influence of childhood adverse experiences on mobile phone dependence of middle school students, and to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy and self-control.

Methods

A total of 1 724 college students from three undergraduate colleges in Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou were investigated from April to June 2024 by using the health Hazard Behavior questionnaire, Adverse Childhood Experience Scale (ACEQ), self-efficacy scale (GSES) and Self-control Scale (SCS).

Results

The standardized path coefficient (β=0.518), self-efficacy and self-control had partial mediating effect and chain mediating effect between adverse childhood experiences and the aggregation of harmful behaviors of college students. The effect sizes of the three mediators were 0.029 (95% CI: 0.016-0.044), 0.132 (95% CI: 0.110-0.156) and 0.034 (95% CI: 0.025-0.045), accounting for 4.07%, 18.51% and 4.77% of the total effect, respectively.

Conclusion

Adverse childhood experiences directly affect the aggregation of harmful behaviors of college students, and self-efficacy and self-control play a chain mediating role in the influence of adverse childhood experiences on the aggregation of harmful behaviors of college students.

, authors=Li-zhong WEN, Ao-lun WANG, Tian-cheng ZHANG, Shu-yuan GUO, Fu-lan ZHANG, authorsList=Li-zhong WEN, Ao-lun WANG, Tian-cheng ZHANG, Shu-yuan GUO, Fu-lan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tian-cheng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322607917023474076, articleId=1322607914309759380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=童年期不良经历对大学生危害健康行为聚集的影响：自我效能和自我控制的链式中介作用, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析童年期不良经历与大学生危害健康行为聚集的关系，探讨自我效能和自我控制在其中的中介作用。

方法

采用大学生的危害健康行为问卷、童年期不良经历量表（ACEs）、自我效能量表、自我控制量表于2024年4—6月对湖南地区、湖北地区、贵州地区三所本科院校共计1 724名大学生进行调查。

结果

童年期不良经历能正向预测大学生危害健康行为（β=0.518），自我效能和自我控制在童年期不良经历与大学生危害健康行为聚集间起着部分中介效应和链式中介效应。三条中介的效应值分别为0.029（95% CI：0.016～0.044）、0.132（95% CI：0.110～0.156）、0.034（95% CI：0.025～0.045），分别占总效应的4.07%、18.51%、4.77%。

结论

童年期不良经历直接影响大学生危害健康行为聚集，自我效能和自我控制在童年期不良经历对大学生危害健康行为聚集的影响中起着链式中介的作用。

, authors=文理中, 王澳伦, 张天成, 郭淑媛, 张福兰, authorsList=文理中, 王澳伦, 张天成, 郭淑媛, 张福兰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张天成, authorNote=

文理中（1984—），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：青少年体质健康促进

, correspAuthorsNote=
张天成，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=SVJyWDNhkFlXsdByyza7xw==, magXml=If8pCuc2OLbTUJZdMixELA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=E8d0k/gFYA5ZGmMfD0e4Pw==, pdfFileSize=706539, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=342q/k2sn9NKMoBzSBXU9Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=6uWU/XRj1rwvv66fcMTpTg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322607917346435489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322607917421932963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, authorId=1322607917346435489, language=EN, stringName=Li-zhong WEN, firstName=Li-zhong, middleName=null, lastName=WEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=College of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322607917497430436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, authorId=1322607917346435489, language=CN, stringName=文理中, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=吉首大学体育科学学院，湖南　吉首　416000, bio={"content":"

文理中（1984—），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：青少年体质健康促进

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(In Chinese), articleTitle=Potential categories of health-harmful behaviors among adolescents in Wuling mountain area and their association with schools, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322607925680517589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, awardId=24YBA308, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省社会科学基金一般项目(24YBA308), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322607925756015062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, awardId=24A0381, language=CN, fundingSource=2024年湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322607925831512535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, awardId=22YJ880086, language=CN, fundingSource=2022年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJ880086), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322607917254160797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322607917266743710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, companyId=1322607917254160797, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322607917279326623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, companyId=1322607917254160797, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=吉首大学体育科学学院，湖南　吉首　416000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322607921591071173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=A theoretical model of the influence mechanism of adverse childhood experiences on college students’ unhealthy behaviors, figureFileSmall=rXG2XLYL2BhF2h+jdRbeaA==, figureFileBig=342q/k2sn9NKMoBzSBXU9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322607921695928774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, language=CN, label=图1, caption=ACEs对大学生危害健康行为影响机制的理论模型

注：“+”正相关，“-”负相关。

, figureFileSmall=rXG2XLYL2BhF2h+jdRbeaA==, figureFileBig=342q/k2sn9NKMoBzSBXU9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322607922278937032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The chain mediation model of self-efficacy and self-control between adverse childhood experiences and the aggregation of health-endangering behaviors of college students, figureFileSmall=XTSC3Z/53+XBaZNYclWDaQ==, figureFileBig=G68S1zo7aP9b8pHaV0WAlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322607922346045898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, language=CN, label=图2, caption=自我效能、自我控制在ACEs与大学生危害健康行为聚集间链式中介模型图

注：* P<0.05，** P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=XTSC3Z/53+XBaZNYclWDaQ==, figureFileBig=G68S1zo7aP9b8pHaV0WAlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322607922438320588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of the research object

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征例数（%）ACEsZ/H危害健康行为聚集Z/H
性别
男生647（37.53）0.00（0.00，2.00）-2.561b4.00（2.00，6.00）-2.596b
女生1 077（62.47）0.00（0.00，1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
年级
大一461（26.74）0.00（0.00，1.00）3.9554.00（2.00，6.00）2.165
大二462（26.79）0.00（0.00，1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
大三453（26.27）0.00（0.00，1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
大四384（20.27）0.00（0.00，1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
民族
汉族1 086（6.99）0.00（0.00,1.00）1.6184.00（2.00，6.00）1.253
土家族219（12.70）0.00（0.00，2.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
苗族173（10.03）0.00（0.00,1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
其他民族246（14.26）0.00（0.00,1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
合计1 724（100.00）0.00（0.00，1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
人口学特征例数（%）自我效能Z/H自我控制Z/H
性别
男生647（37.53）30.00（26.00，30.00）-1.87057.00（48.00,64.00）-0.744
女生1 077（62.47）29.00（25.00，30.00）57.00（49.00,64.00）
年级
大一461（26.74）29.00（25.00，30.00）3.87757.00（49.00,64.00）0.660
大二462（26.79）30.00（26.00，30.00）57.00（48.00,64.00）
大三453（26.27）30.00（25.00，30.00）57.00（49.00,65.00）
大四384（20.27）30.00（26.00，30.00）57.00（49.00,63.00）
民族
汉族1 086（6.99）30.00（25.00，30.00）4.06257.00（49.00,64.00）5.053
土家族219（12.70）29.00（25.00，30.00）57.00（49.00,65.00）
苗族173（10.03）29.00（25.00，30.00）57.00（49.00,63.00）
其他民族246（14.26）30.00（26.00，30.00）57.00（47.00,67.00）
合计1 724（100.00）30.00（25.00，30.00）57.00（49.00,64.00）
), ArticleFig(id=1322607922773864909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征例数（%）ACEsZ/H危害健康行为聚集Z/H
性别
男生647（37.53）0.00（0.00，2.00）-2.561b4.00（2.00，6.00）-2.596b
女生1 077（62.47）0.00（0.00，1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
年级
大一461（26.74）0.00（0.00，1.00）3.9554.00（2.00，6.00）2.165
大二462（26.79）0.00（0.00，1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
大三453（26.27）0.00（0.00，1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
大四384（20.27）0.00（0.00，1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
民族
汉族1 086（6.99）0.00（0.00,1.00）1.6184.00（2.00，6.00）1.253
土家族219（12.70）0.00（0.00，2.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
苗族173（10.03）0.00（0.00,1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
其他民族246（14.26）0.00（0.00,1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
合计1 724（100.00）0.00（0.00，1.00）4.00（2.00，6.00）
人口学特征例数（%）自我效能Z/H自我控制Z/H
性别
男生647（37.53）30.00（26.00，30.00）-1.87057.00（48.00,64.00）-0.744
女生1 077（62.47）29.00（25.00，30.00）57.00（49.00,64.00）
年级
大一461（26.74）29.00（25.00，30.00）3.87757.00（49.00,64.00）0.660
大二462（26.79）30.00（26.00，30.00）57.00（48.00,64.00）
大三453（26.27）30.00（25.00，30.00）57.00（49.00,65.00）
大四384（20.27）30.00（26.00，30.00）57.00（49.00,63.00）
民族
汉族1 086（6.99）30.00（25.00，30.00）4.06257.00（49.00,64.00）5.053
土家族219（12.70）29.00（25.00，30.00）57.00（49.00,65.00）
苗族173（10.03）29.00（25.00，30.00）57.00（49.00,63.00）
其他民族246（14.26）30.00（26.00，30.00）57.00（47.00,67.00）
合计1 724（100.00）30.00（25.00，30.00）57.00（49.00,64.00）
), ArticleFig(id=1322607922870333902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis matrix

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变量名1234
1 ACEs1.000
2大学生危害健康行为聚集0.479b1.000
3自我效能-0.196b-0.302b1.000
4自我控制-0.338b-0.488b0.409b1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1322607923151352271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

相关性分析矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名1234
1 ACEs1.000
2大学生危害健康行为聚集0.479b1.000
3自我效能-0.196b-0.302b1.000
4自我控制-0.338b-0.488b0.409b1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1322607923541422544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The chain mediation analysis of adverse childhood experiences and the aggregation of health hazard behaviors among college students

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目自我效能自我控制大学生危害健康行为聚集
βtβtβt
ACEs-0.701-9.616b-0.972-14.437b0.51819.608b
自我效能0.82319.185b-0.041-5.385b
自我控制-0.060-17.310b
R0.1960.4860.598
R20.0390.2360.358
F92.458b356.298b428.841b
), ArticleFig(id=1322607924971680209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ACEs与大学生危害健康行为聚集的链式中介分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目自我效能自我控制大学生危害健康行为聚集
βtβtβt
ACEs-0.701-9.616b-0.972-14.437b0.51819.608b
自我效能0.82319.185b-0.041-5.385b
自我控制-0.060-17.310b
R0.1960.4860.598
R20.0390.2360.358
F92.458b356.298b428.841b
), ArticleFig(id=1322607925252698578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

The pathway and effect decomposition of the chain mediation model between adverse childhood experiences and unhealthy behaviors of college students

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效应路径效应量（90% CI）效果量（%）标准误
直接效应ACEs→大学生危害健康行为聚集0.518（0.467～0.570）72.650.026
间接效应ACEs→自我效能→大学生危害健康行为聚集0.029（0.016～0.044）4.070.007
间接效应ACEs→自我控制→大学生危害健康行为聚集0.132（0.110～0.156）18.510.012
间接效应ACEs→自我效能→自我控制→大学生危害健康行为聚集0.034（0.025～0.045）4.770.005
总效应ACEs→大学生危害健康行为聚集0.713（0.660～0.767）100.000.027
), ArticleFig(id=1322607925336584659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322607914309759380, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

自我效能、自我控制在ACEs与大学生危害健康行为聚集间链式中介模型的路径及效应分解

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效应路径效应量（90% CI）效果量（%）标准误
直接效应ACEs→大学生危害健康行为聚集0.518（0.467～0.570）72.650.026
间接效应ACEs→自我效能→大学生危害健康行为聚集0.029（0.016～0.044）4.070.007
间接效应ACEs→自我控制→大学生危害健康行为聚集0.132（0.110～0.156）18.510.012
间接效应ACEs→自我效能→自我控制→大学生危害健康行为聚集0.034（0.025～0.045）4.770.005
总效应ACEs→大学生危害健康行为聚集0.713（0.660～0.767）100.000.027
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童年期不良经历对大学生危害健康行为聚集的影响：自我效能和自我控制的链式中介作用
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文理中 , 王澳伦 , 张天成 , 郭淑媛 , 张福兰
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2025,52(20): 3780-3784
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2025 , 52 (20) : 3780 -3784
童年期不良经历对大学生危害健康行为聚集的影响：自我效能和自我控制的链式中介作用
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文理中（1984—），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：青少年体质健康促进

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文理中, 王澳伦, 张天成 , 郭淑媛, 张福兰
作者信息
  • 吉首大学体育科学学院，湖南　吉首　416000
通讯作者:
张天成，E-mail:
作者简介:

文理中（1984—），男，博士，副教授，研究方向：青少年体质健康促进

The influence of adverse childhood experiences on the aggregation of health-endangering behaviors in college students: the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and self-control
Li-zhong WEN, Ao-lun WANG, Tian-cheng ZHANG , Shu-yuan GUO, Fu-lan ZHANG
Affiliations
  • College of Sports Science, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501190
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摘要
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目的

分析童年期不良经历与大学生危害健康行为聚集的关系，探讨自我效能和自我控制在其中的中介作用。

方法

采用大学生的危害健康行为问卷、童年期不良经历量表（ACEs）、自我效能量表、自我控制量表于2024年4—6月对湖南地区、湖北地区、贵州地区三所本科院校共计1 724名大学生进行调查。

结果

童年期不良经历能正向预测大学生危害健康行为（β=0.518），自我效能和自我控制在童年期不良经历与大学生危害健康行为聚集间起着部分中介效应和链式中介效应。三条中介的效应值分别为0.029（95% CI：0.016～0.044）、0.132（95% CI：0.110～0.156）、0.034（95% CI：0.025～0.045），分别占总效应的4.07%、18.51%、4.77%。

结论

童年期不良经历直接影响大学生危害健康行为聚集，自我效能和自我控制在童年期不良经历对大学生危害健康行为聚集的影响中起着链式中介的作用。

危害健康行为  /  聚集  /  童年期不良经历  /  自我效能  /  自我控制
Objective

To investigate the influence of childhood adverse experiences on mobile phone dependence of middle school students, and to explore the mediating role of self-efficacy and self-control.

Methods

A total of 1 724 college students from three undergraduate colleges in Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou were investigated from April to June 2024 by using the health Hazard Behavior questionnaire, Adverse Childhood Experience Scale (ACEQ), self-efficacy scale (GSES) and Self-control Scale (SCS).

Results

The standardized path coefficient (β=0.518), self-efficacy and self-control had partial mediating effect and chain mediating effect between adverse childhood experiences and the aggregation of harmful behaviors of college students. The effect sizes of the three mediators were 0.029 (95% CI: 0.016-0.044), 0.132 (95% CI: 0.110-0.156) and 0.034 (95% CI: 0.025-0.045), accounting for 4.07%, 18.51% and 4.77% of the total effect, respectively.

Conclusion

Adverse childhood experiences directly affect the aggregation of harmful behaviors of college students, and self-efficacy and self-control play a chain mediating role in the influence of adverse childhood experiences on the aggregation of harmful behaviors of college students.

Health hazard behavior  /  Gather  /  Adverse childhood experiences  /  Self-efficacy  /  Self-control
文理中, 王澳伦, 张天成, 郭淑媛, 张福兰. 童年期不良经历对大学生危害健康行为聚集的影响：自我效能和自我控制的链式中介作用. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (20) : 3780 -3784 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501190
Li-zhong WEN, Ao-lun WANG, Tian-cheng ZHANG, Shu-yuan GUO, Fu-lan ZHANG. The influence of adverse childhood experiences on the aggregation of health-endangering behaviors in college students: the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and self-control[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (20) : 3780 -3784 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501190
正文
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童年不良经历（Adverse Childhood Experiences, ACEs）指18岁前遭遇的负面事件，包括虐待、忽视及家庭功能缺陷等[1]。这些经历可能导致心理创伤，增加成年后的心理压力[2]，进而引发危害健康行为的发生（如吸烟、酗酒等）。大学生处于青春期向成年的过渡阶段，研究显示其危害健康行为常呈现聚集性[3-4]，而有ACEs者此类行为更严重[5]，极大地加剧了对个人健康状况的破坏[6]，对健康和生活质量造成深远影响[7]。自我效能是个体对完成任务能力的信念[8]，高自我效能者更能积极应对压力[9]。ACEs可能通过损害情感与认知发展降低自我效能，而低自我效能者更易采取不健康行为[10]。自我控制能力指个体调节行为以实现目标的能力[11]。ACEs可能阻碍其发展[12]，导致个体难以形成稳定的自我认知和自我控制能力，进一步导致难以抵制不良行为（如网络成瘾、酗酒等）[13-14]。
研究表明，自我效能与自我控制呈正相关，二者较高者危害健康行为聚集风险更低[15]。但两者易受心理状态和社会环境的影响，并非固定不变。因此，本研究假设：ACEs可能通过自我效能和自我控制的链式中介作用影响危害健康行为聚集，见图1。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　对象
样本量计算公式：N=μα/2×[π×(1－π)]/δ2。根据以往大学生危害健康行为相关调查中，至少有1项危害健康行为的发生率为56%～75%[6]，因此取π=75%，使π×（1－π）达到最大；α定为0.05，故容许误差δ为0.05；则每组样本量为n=288人，考虑到年级、性别因素，则N=n×4×2=1 728。于2024年4—6月采用分层随机整群抽样法，从地处武陵山区的湖南地区、湖北地区、贵州地区各随机抽取一所本科高校，每年级各随机抽取4个班级，共48个班学生进行问卷调查，抽中班级中全体学生作为调查对象，测试对象均知情同意，自愿参与。所有调查对象均签署了知情同意书。研究对象的纳入标准：（1）能够理解配合调查，自愿参与本研究。排除标准：（1）调查问卷填写未满80%；（2）不同意问卷调查。本次调查共收集1 781份问卷，删除规律作答、未通过测谎题的问卷，最终回收有效问卷1 724份，有效率96.8%。本次调查通过了吉首大学伦理委员会审查（No.JSDX-2023-0034）
1.2　方法
1.2.1　一般人口学特征信息问卷
主要包括性别、民族、年级等。
1.2.2　大学生的危害健康行为调查
问卷调查采用“中国青少年健康相关/危险行为调查问卷”（大学版）中的调查指标[5]，主要包括偏食、失眠、吸烟、饮酒、抑郁症、孤独感、无安全感、心情郁闷、伤心绝望、游戏成瘾、网络成瘾、手机依赖等12种危害健康行为。本次调查的Cronbach α系数为 0.81。抑郁症状采用简易抑郁症状自评量表（PHQ-9）进行测量[16]，共包含9道题目，本次调查的Cronbach α系数为0.88；手机依赖采用手机依赖指数量表（MPAI）[17]，共包含17道题目，本次调查的Cronbach α系数为0.91。
调查指标定义[5]：偏食指喜欢吃某类食物；失眠指过去1年因担心某事而陷入失眠；吸烟指过去30 d，至少有1 d吸烟；饮酒指过去30 d，至少饮1杯酒；孤独感指过去1年曾有过强烈的孤独感；无安全感是指过去1年感到安全没有保障；自杀意念指过去14个月曾认真考虑过自杀；伤心绝望是指连续2周或更长时间感到非常伤心或绝望而停止平常的活动；游戏成瘾指过去7 d，玩游戏≥4 h/d；“网络成瘾”指过去7 d里，上网时间≥4 h/d，至少出现问卷9项行为：①“即使不在网上，脑中也一直浮现网络相关事情”、②“不能上网会感到不舒服”、③“希望增加上网时间，以满足自己愿望”、④“每次上网时间都会超过自己的预期”、⑤“多次想停止上网，但无法控制”、⑥“因上网而不能完成学业”、⑦“向他人隐瞒上网事实”、⑧“因上网与家人发生冲突”、⑨“为逃避现实、摆脱困境而上网”等中4项为网络成瘾；抑郁症状得分≥4分即判断为抑郁症状；手机依赖指得分≥35分即判断为手机依赖。
1.2.3　大学生危害健康行为聚集
参照相关研究[4]，构建大学生“危害健康行为聚集”指数，用以表示危害健康行为聚集程度。12种危害健康行为参考对应的判定标准，总分在0~12，得分越高代表危害健康行为存在数量越多。
1.2.4　童年期不良经历量表[18]
采用肖琴等翻译修订的童年期不良经历国际调查量表，总分0~10，得分越高代表童年期不良经历越严重。在本次调查中量表的Cronbach α系数为0.73。
1.2.5　自我效能量表[19]
采用一般自我效能感量表，总分10~40，得分越高表明自我效能感越强。在本次调查中量表的Cronbach α系数为0.91。
1.2.6　自我控制量表[20]
采用Tangney等编制，谭树华修订的自我控制力量表，共19个题目，总分19~95，得分越高表明自我控制能力越强。在本次调查中量表的Cronbach α系数为0.83。
1.3　统计方法
采用SPSS 26.0对数据进行统计分析，计数资料用例数（百分比）表示，计量资料中符合偏态分布的采用M（P25，P75）描述，组间比较采用秩和检验。首先采用pearson相关分析对各变量进行相关性分析，再采用Hayes编制的SPSS宏程序PROCESS中6模型构建链式中介模型，并通过Bootstrap法（重复抽样5 000次）对中介效应的显著性进行检验。检验水准α＝0.05。
1.4　质量控制
调查前统一对调查人员进行调查方法、调查问卷及注意事项的培训，且使用统一的指导语，调查时以班级为单位统一发放问卷，问卷当场发放且当场回收，剔除无效问卷。
2　结果
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2.1　研究对象基本情况
本研究一共纳入研究对象1 724人，其中男生647人（37.5%），女生1 077人（62.5%）；大一年级461人（26.7%），大二年级462人（26.8%），大三年级453人（26.3%），大四年级384人（20.2%）；汉族1 086人（63.0%），土家族219人（12.7%），苗族173人（10.0%），其他民族246人（14.3%）。见表1。
2.2　共同方法偏差检验
采用Harman单因素法检验是否存在共同偏差，结果显示共有9个因子特征值大于1，解释的变异量为12.382%，小于40%。因此，本研究不存在严重的共同方法偏差。
2.3　相关性分析矩阵
结果显示，ACEs与大学生危害健康行为聚集呈正相关（r=0.479），与自尊水平、自我控制呈负相关（r=-0.196、r=-0.338），大学生危害健康行为聚集与自尊水平、自我控制呈负相关（r=-0.302、r=-0.488），自尊水平与自我控制呈正相关（r=0.409）。P值均<0.05。见表2。
2.4　中介效应模型检验分析
通过控制性别、民族、年级等人口学因素，以ACEs为自变量，大学生危害健康行为聚集为因变量，自我效能、自我控制为中介变量纳入方程进行中介模型检验，其标准化结果显示：ACEs正向预测大学生危害健康行为聚集，系数为（β=0.518）；三条中介的效应值分别为0.029、0.132、0.034，分别占总效应的4.07%、18.51%、4.77%。3条路径95%置信区间均不包括0，表明3条路径的间接效应均达到显著水平。见表3、表4。见图2。
3　讨论
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结果显示，ACEs正向预测大学生危害健康行为聚集，即ACEs得分越高，危害健康行为聚集越严重。累积风险模型指出，个体暴露于多种风险因素的环境中，这些风险因素的累积效应会对发展结果产生显著影响[21]，多种ACEs的累积效应会显著增加危害健康行为聚集的风险，例如长期的童年期遭受暴力、虐待等不良经历的累积，可能会影响他们的情绪稳定和行为控制能力，改变大学生的认知模式，产生负面的自我评价和信念[22]，进一步导致内隐危害行为的发生，例如抑郁、焦虑、失眠、伤心绝望等，可能使他们更加倾向于采取危害健康行为来应对情绪问题或寻求自我安慰，从而更容易产生外显危害健康行为，例如吸烟、饮酒、打架等，呈现出危害健康行为聚集的态势。
本研究还发现，自我效能、自我控制在ACEs与大学生危害健康行为聚集间起链式中介作用，ACEs不仅直接影响大学生的危害健康行为聚集，还通过降低自我效能和自我控制能力间接影响其行为。Bandura的自我效能理论指出，自我效能在个体行为的选择、努力程度及坚持性方面起着关键的调节作用，在一定程度上可以预测个体的行为和心理健康[8]。对于经历童年不良经历的大学生而言，可能导致个体在成长过程中面临各种困境，语言暴力、身体虐待等这些负面经历极有可能会使个体对自己的能力和价值产生怀疑和不信任感，干扰其自我效能的正常发展。自我效能的降低会影响个体对自身行为的掌控感和自信心，使他们在面对健康行为选择时缺乏积极的动力和信念，进而更容易受到外界诱惑和不良环境的影响[23]，产生消极的情绪和行为反应，长期积累可能导致多种危害健康行为的聚集，产生累积风险效应[24]。研究结果显示，自我控制在ACEs与大学生危害健康行为聚集间起部分中介作用。Baumeister的自我控制理论强调，良好的自我控制能力有助于个体抵制即时诱惑，遵循健康的行为准则[25]。ACEs可能导致个体在成长过程中缺乏自我控制能力，从而更容易产生消极的情绪和行为反应[4]，如、过度饮酒、吸烟等危害健康行为，从而表现出危害健康行为聚集。而自我效能与自我控制能力呈现正相关，自我效能感高的个体往往容易坚持自我控制的行为，更容易对自身行为进行约束，面对美食、烟草、酒精等诱惑，可以有效地调节自己的行为以符合健康的标准，从而减少危害健康行为的发生[26]。因此，自我效能水平低、自我控制能力的不足可能是ACEs导致大学生危害健康行为聚集的重要机制，这也提示我们，在预防和干预大学生危害健康行为聚集时，需要综合考虑ACEs的影响，注重提升大学生的自我效能，通过培养积极的自我认知和自信心，帮助他们更好地应对生活中的挑战。同时，也要加强自我控制能力的训练，教导他们有效的情绪调节和行为管理技巧，从而减少危害健康行为聚集的发生，促进大学生的身心健康发展。
本研究存在一些不足。本研究采取横向数据进行链式中介效应分析，未来可以采取纵向数据进行效应分析，确定变量间是否存在因果关系。其次，ACEs与大学生危害健康行为聚集关系之间的影响因素是复杂多样的，未来可以继续探讨影响两者关系的因素及其作用机制。
基金
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  • 湖南省社会科学基金一般项目(24YBA308)
  • 2024年湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381)
  • 2022年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJ880086)
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2025年第52卷第20期
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文章信息
doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501190
  • 接收时间：2025-01-10
  • 首发时间：2026-10-29
  • 出版时间：2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-01-10
基金
湖南省社会科学基金一般项目(24YBA308)
2024年湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0381)
2022年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(22YJ880086)
作者信息
    吉首大学体育科学学院，湖南　吉首　416000

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张天成，E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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