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慢性阻塞性肺疾病加重（exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ECOPD）是慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD）预后不良的关键因素之一，对患者健康与生命产生重要影响，给家庭和社会造成了严重的经济负担。全球ECOPD患病率呈持续上升趋势，病死率处于较高水平，因此加强对ECOPD的预防与控制刻不容缓。在不同国家、不同时间、不同人群中，ECOPD的患病率与死亡率均存在差异，且受多种因素影响。本文主要从ECOPD的流行特征、危险因素、预防措施等方面加以综述，旨在提升对ECOPD的认知，为有效防控ECOPD发生提供科学参考。

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