Article(id=1241319155601822490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410478, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730217600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773883149289, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773883149289, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773883149289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773883149289, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241319148798669160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='12', pageStart='2113', pageEnd='2304', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773883147667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885555254, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241329247004971041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241319148798669160, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2172, endPage=2178, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241319156402934595, articleId=1241319155601822490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Comprehensive metabolomics analysis of the association between combined exposure to metals and phthalates with blood lipids, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the overall association between co-exposure to metals and phthalates (PAEs) and blood lipid indicators, as well as the role of metabolic disturbances and endogenous metabolites as mediators in this association.

Methods

A total of 74 residents from Guangzhou (n=35) and Qingyuan (n=39) were randomly selected, and their urine samples were analyzed for 15 metal elements and 9 PAE metabolites. Generalized linear models and generalized weighted quantile sum (gWQS) regression models were used to assess the association between individual pollutants, combined exposure, and blood lipid levels. Non-targeted metabolomics, meet-in-the-Middle (MITM) approach, and mediation analysis were performed to identify endogenous metabolites and metabolic pathways linking combined exposure with blood lipid changes, and to explore the mediating effects of metabolites.

Results

The concentrations of seven metals, including arsenic and cadmium, and four PAE metabolites, including mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), were significantly positively correlated with increased total cholesterol (TC). The weighted quantile sum (WQS) index, which represented the overall load of metal and PAE combined exposure, showed a dose-dependent relationship with TC increase. For each one-unit increase in the WQS index, TC increased by 0.43 (95% CI: 0.05-0.82) mmol/L. Eight metabolites, including perilla acid, dehydroepiandrosterone, octanoylcarnitine, arachidonic acid, estrone, kynurenine, glucose-6-phosphate, and ferulic acid, were significantly associated with the WQS index and TC levels, and exhibited significant mediating effects, and the corresponding mediation effects were 0.09 (95% CI: 0.02-0.27),0.18 (95% CI: 0.04-0.35)、0.21 (95% CI: 0.02-0.44)、0.12 (95% CI: 0.02-0.24)、0.08 (95% CI: 0.02-0.21)、0.08 (95% CI: 0.01-0.20) and 0.09 (95% CI: 0.01-0.19), respectively. The biosynthesis pathway of steroid hormones was significantly enriched.

Conclusion

The biosynthesis pathway of steroid hormones and metabolites such as dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenone may mediate the overall association between combined exposure to metals and PAEs and the increase in TC levels, providing the metabolic perspective for the overall effect on blood lipids of co-exposure to metals and PAEs.

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目的

探究金属与邻苯二甲酸酯(Phthalates, PAEs)复合暴露与血脂指标间的总体关联以及在此关联中的代谢扰动和内源代谢物的中介作用。

方法

随机抽取广州市(n=35)和清远市(n=39)的74名居民测定其尿液样本中15种金属元素和9种PAEs代谢物水平,采用广义线性模型和广义加权分位数和(gWQS)回归模型分别评估单污染物和复合暴露与血脂水平间的关联;基于非靶向代谢组学、中间相遇方法和中介分析识别连接复合暴露与血脂改变的内源代谢物及代谢通路,并探索代谢物的中介效应。

结果

尿中砷、镉等7种金属及邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯(MiBP)等4种PAEs代谢物浓度与总胆固醇(TC)增加呈显著正相关;表征金属与PAEs复合暴露总体负荷的加权分位数和(WQS)指数与TC增加呈剂量依赖性相关,其每增加1个单位,TC增加0.43(95% CI: 0.05~0.82)mmol/L。紫苏酸、脱氢表雄酮、花生四烯酸、雄酮、犬尿氨酸、葡萄糖胺6-磷酸和异戊酸等8种代谢物与WQS指数和TC水平均显著相关并具有显著的中介效应,中介效应依次为0.09(95% CI:0.02~0.27)、0.18(95% CI:0.04~0.35)、0.21(95% CI:0.02~0.44)、0.12(95% CI:0.02~0.24)、0.08(95% CI:0.02~0.21)、0.08(95% CI:0.01~0.20)和0.09(95% CI:0.01~0.19);类固醇激素的生物合成途径代谢通路被显著富集。

结论

类固醇激素生物合成通路及脱氢表雄酮和雄酮等代谢物可能介导金属PAEs复合暴露与TC增加的总体关联。研究结果为金属和PAEs复合暴露的健康风险和潜在生物学机制提供了代谢组学视角。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王俊丽和郑晶为共同通信作者。王俊丽,E-mail:
郑晶,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=lLNnRC0YYWcO4yqV3YGR5Q==, magXml=NYCoMupuc3phTFcCOZQ5HA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=t5kMz2Z1IL2BnXPgbf0WHw==, pdfFileSize=1510939, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=zatmYhJcLzMrdVB57+YnJQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=/4apVUBmsgn3J8qUmWalsg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

廖光宇(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:环境与健康风险评估

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2.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,新污染物研究中心,生态环境部环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室, bio={"content":"

廖光宇(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:环境与健康风险评估

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Characteristics and toxicological effects of heavy metals and phthalates in dust[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Characteristics and toxicological effects of heavy metals and phthalates in dust, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241319174010622507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Guajardo-Correa E, Silva-Agüero JF, Calle X, journalName=Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guajardo-Correa E, Silva-Agüero JF, Calle X, et al. Estrogen signaling as a bridge between the nucleus and mitochondria in cardiovascular diseases[J]. 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Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2011, 127(1/2): 74-82., articleTitle=Disruption of androgen receptor signaling in males by environmental chemicals, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241319168696439180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, awardId=PM-zx097-202406-220, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项项目(PM-zx097-202406-220), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241319168826462610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, awardId=2019YFC1804502, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1804502), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241319168927125912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, awardId=202206010061, language=CN, fundingSource=广州市科技计划项目(202206010061), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241319160085532692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319160089726997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, companyId=1241319160085532692, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319160098115606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, companyId=1241319160085532692, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241319160228139044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319160236527651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, companyId=1241319160228139044, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,新污染物研究中心,生态环境部环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241319160320413743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241319160328802353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, companyId=1241319160320413743, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241319167207461191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Generalized linear models of urinary concentrations of metals and phthalate metabolites with serum lipid levels, figureFileSmall=Mg1f6/F2mpJwe7aHNGov0Q==, figureFileBig=zatmYhJcLzMrdVB57+YnJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319167291347274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, language=CN, label=图1, caption=尿液中金属元素与邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度与各血脂水平的广义线性模型分析

注:A~D依次为金属元素-邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物单体与TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C的广义线性分析结果。

, figureFileSmall=Mg1f6/F2mpJwe7aHNGov0Q==, figureFileBig=zatmYhJcLzMrdVB57+YnJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319167547199826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Overall dose-effect of co-exposure to PAHs-metals mixture on renal function and the contribution of individual pollutant, figureFileSmall=ZXlsEZbGGAyxTKgSD45mCQ==, figureFileBig=LsZk5jtvHhr/kuArioDJqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319167668834646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, language=CN, label=图2, caption=金属元素-邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物混合暴露对血脂水平的总剂量效应及单个污染物的贡献

注:A~D依次为金属元素-邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物混合暴露对TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C的总体剂量效应;E~F依次为金属元素-邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物单体的平均权重。

, figureFileSmall=ZXlsEZbGGAyxTKgSD45mCQ==, figureFileBig=LsZk5jtvHhr/kuArioDJqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319167790469468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The mediation effect analyses for selected differential metabolites between wqs index and TC, figureFileSmall=R2LrjX/eQ2lPVgd1Hl3H2g==, figureFileBig=4BThkZCJbFaXtCBA1pYMHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319167903715682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, language=CN, label=图3, caption=WQS指数与总胆固醇水平相关的差异代谢产物的中介效应分析

注:中介效应分析调整了研究对象的年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟状况、吸烟、饮酒、年收入和体育锻炼。

, figureFileSmall=R2LrjX/eQ2lPVgd1Hl3H2g==, figureFileBig=4BThkZCJbFaXtCBA1pYMHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319168008573287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The pathway enrichment analyses based on selected differential metabolites using the MITM approaches, figureFileSmall=5NKsSmQz2zqGWqaVOWE/wg==, figureFileBig=aKu9iUM0OivqjKILE9HZqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319168134402415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, language=CN, label=图4, caption=基于MITM方法筛选的差异代谢物的途径富集分析, figureFileSmall=5NKsSmQz2zqGWqaVOWE/wg==, figureFileBig=aKu9iUM0OivqjKILE9HZqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241319168243454323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basical characteristics of participants(n=74)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征全部人群
n=74)
广州人群
n1=35)
清远人群
n2=39)
统计量P
年龄(岁,)38.0±11.832.0±11.043.3±9.9-4.611<0.001
性别[男性,n(%)]55(74.3)20(57.1)35(89.7)10.2730.001
BMI(Kg/m2)23.0±3.722.2±3.823.8±3.4-1.9760.053
吸烟[是,n(%)]38(51.4)14(40.0)24(61.5)3.4250.064
饮酒[是,n(%)]30(40.5)15(42.9)15(38.5)0.1480.701
年收入[元,n(%)]0.4090.815
≤50 00030(40.5)13(37.2)17(43.6)
50 000~100 00021(28.4)11(31.4)10(25.6)
≥100 00023(31.1)11(31.4)12(30.8)
体育运动[是,n(%)]35(47.3)13(37.1)22(56.4)2.7470.097
), ArticleFig(id=1241319168360894842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究参与者的基本人口学特征(n=74)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征全部人群
n=74)
广州人群
n1=35)
清远人群
n2=39)
统计量P
年龄(岁,)38.0±11.832.0±11.043.3±9.9-4.611<0.001
性别[男性,n(%)]55(74.3)20(57.1)35(89.7)10.2730.001
BMI(Kg/m2)23.0±3.722.2±3.823.8±3.4-1.9760.053
吸烟[是,n(%)]38(51.4)14(40.0)24(61.5)3.4250.064
饮酒[是,n(%)]30(40.5)15(42.9)15(38.5)0.1480.701
年收入[元,n(%)]0.4090.815
≤50 00030(40.5)13(37.2)17(43.6)
50 000~100 00021(28.4)11(31.4)10(25.6)
≥100 00023(31.1)11(31.4)12(30.8)
体育运动[是,n(%)]35(47.3)13(37.1)22(56.4)2.7470.097
), ArticleFig(id=1241319168461558145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Urinary pollutantsmedian(P25, P75) concentrations(ng/mL) and serum lipids levels(mmol/L) of participants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物检测限检出频率全部人群(n=74)广州人群(n1=35)清远人群(n2=39)P(Mann-Whitney tests)
As0.01510023.7(11.9, 41.8)12.6(7.5, 28.4)33.1(20.9, 51.7)<0.001
Cd0.0041000.7(0.2, 1.9)0.3(0.1, 0.6)1.6(0.8, 2.6)<0.001
Cr0.021990.4(0.3, 0.8)0.4(0.2, 0.9)0.5(0.3, 0.8)0.439
Ni0.2409617.2(8.5, 30.6)16.4(10.5, 27.6)19.4(5.9, 41.4)0.681
Pb0.01010013.6(7.6, 20.5)7.8(5.9, 13.5)17.9(13.4, 28.8)<0.001
V0.0161003.3(2.3, 5.4)2.5(1.8, 3.1)4.3(3.2, 6.2)<0.001
Mn0.016510.1(0.013, 1.5)0.012(0.012, 0.8)0.4(0.013, 2.1)0.025
Fe0.20010036.2(22.2, 61.0)24.1(15.6, 32.6)58.1(36.5, 91.2)<0.001
Cu0.05010019.5(13.5, 33.5)17.1(10.7, 26.3)20.8(15.8, 33.8)0.090
Zn0.046100463.3(236.2, 748.3)299.2(178.6, 511.2)564.9(381.6, 812.3)<0.001
Se0.290997.9(3.3, 13.3)4.5(2.9, 9.8)11.5(5.8, 19.6)<0.001
Rb0.0381001 458.1(628.4, 3 034.7)634.2(377.9, 1 118.2)2 818.0(1 789.8, 3 788.5)<0.001
Sr0.04810064.6(40.4, 104.0)45.3(26.5, 70.5)84.3(63.5, 152.2)<0.001
Mo0.00410035.3(17.9, 64.9)22.1(13.1, 53.8)51.2(33.1, 74.8)0.001
Cs0.0221006.4(2.6, 12.0)2.6(1.8, 4.4)11.6(7.4, 15.4)<0.001
MMP0.1801008.5(4.8, 12.8)6.4(4.0, 10.3)10.1(5.5, 17.7)0.011
MEP0.1009711.9(5.7, 30.5)11.2(5.3, 22.9)12.7(6.6, 33.9)0.449
MiBP0.0609311.2(6.4, 21.9)7.0(5.0, 13.8)15.3(10.4, 32.7)<0.001
MnBP0.6209917.8(10.4, 36.7)11.3(7.9, 24.4)25.2(16.8, 53.1)<0.001
MBzP0.050890.5(0.3, 0.7)0.5(0.4, 0.8)0.4(0.2, 0.7)0.267
MEHP0.72010015.3(12.3, 26.4)14.2(10.8, 16.3)21.3(13.9, 41.2)<0.001
OHMEHP0.2109617.4(8.5, 33.1)8.5(6.2, 15.1)31.3(18.2, 62.6)<0.001
CxMEPP0.0201000.8(0.3, 1.5)0.4(0.2, 0.6)1.3(0.8, 2.5)<0.001
OxoMEHP0.050996.6(4.0, 11.4)4.3(2.4, 6.5)10.9(6.4, 21.3)<0.001
∑mPAEs//114.3(69.7, 213.3)71.4(59.8, 116.9)190.4(105.1, 247.7)<0.001
TC //5.27(4.59, 5.99)4.80(4.19, 5.39)5..61(5.14, 6.29)<0.001
TG//1.06(0.71, 1.73)0.78(0.64, 1.13)1.27(0.83, 2.83)0.001
HDL-C//1.24(1.04, 1.42)1.23(1.07, 1.44)1.24(1.00, 1.40)0.306
LDL-C//2.97(2.53, 3.39)2.98(2.54, 3.43)2.96(2.45, 3.39)0.395
), ArticleFig(id=1241319168574804360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241319155601822490, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

参与者尿污染物浓度(ng/mL)和血脂(mmol/L)中位数[MP25P75)]水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物检测限检出频率全部人群(n=74)广州人群(n1=35)清远人群(n2=39)P(Mann-Whitney tests)
As0.01510023.7(11.9, 41.8)12.6(7.5, 28.4)33.1(20.9, 51.7)<0.001
Cd0.0041000.7(0.2, 1.9)0.3(0.1, 0.6)1.6(0.8, 2.6)<0.001
Cr0.021990.4(0.3, 0.8)0.4(0.2, 0.9)0.5(0.3, 0.8)0.439
Ni0.2409617.2(8.5, 30.6)16.4(10.5, 27.6)19.4(5.9, 41.4)0.681
Pb0.01010013.6(7.6, 20.5)7.8(5.9, 13.5)17.9(13.4, 28.8)<0.001
V0.0161003.3(2.3, 5.4)2.5(1.8, 3.1)4.3(3.2, 6.2)<0.001
Mn0.016510.1(0.013, 1.5)0.012(0.012, 0.8)0.4(0.013, 2.1)0.025
Fe0.20010036.2(22.2, 61.0)24.1(15.6, 32.6)58.1(36.5, 91.2)<0.001
Cu0.05010019.5(13.5, 33.5)17.1(10.7, 26.3)20.8(15.8, 33.8)0.090
Zn0.046100463.3(236.2, 748.3)299.2(178.6, 511.2)564.9(381.6, 812.3)<0.001
Se0.290997.9(3.3, 13.3)4.5(2.9, 9.8)11.5(5.8, 19.6)<0.001
Rb0.0381001 458.1(628.4, 3 034.7)634.2(377.9, 1 118.2)2 818.0(1 789.8, 3 788.5)<0.001
Sr0.04810064.6(40.4, 104.0)45.3(26.5, 70.5)84.3(63.5, 152.2)<0.001
Mo0.00410035.3(17.9, 64.9)22.1(13.1, 53.8)51.2(33.1, 74.8)0.001
Cs0.0221006.4(2.6, 12.0)2.6(1.8, 4.4)11.6(7.4, 15.4)<0.001
MMP0.1801008.5(4.8, 12.8)6.4(4.0, 10.3)10.1(5.5, 17.7)0.011
MEP0.1009711.9(5.7, 30.5)11.2(5.3, 22.9)12.7(6.6, 33.9)0.449
MiBP0.0609311.2(6.4, 21.9)7.0(5.0, 13.8)15.3(10.4, 32.7)<0.001
MnBP0.6209917.8(10.4, 36.7)11.3(7.9, 24.4)25.2(16.8, 53.1)<0.001
MBzP0.050890.5(0.3, 0.7)0.5(0.4, 0.8)0.4(0.2, 0.7)0.267
MEHP0.72010015.3(12.3, 26.4)14.2(10.8, 16.3)21.3(13.9, 41.2)<0.001
OHMEHP0.2109617.4(8.5, 33.1)8.5(6.2, 15.1)31.3(18.2, 62.6)<0.001
CxMEPP0.0201000.8(0.3, 1.5)0.4(0.2, 0.6)1.3(0.8, 2.5)<0.001
OxoMEHP0.050996.6(4.0, 11.4)4.3(2.4, 6.5)10.9(6.4, 21.3)<0.001
∑mPAEs//114.3(69.7, 213.3)71.4(59.8, 116.9)190.4(105.1, 247.7)<0.001
TC //5.27(4.59, 5.99)4.80(4.19, 5.39)5..61(5.14, 6.29)<0.001
TG//1.06(0.71, 1.73)0.78(0.64, 1.13)1.27(0.83, 2.83)0.001
HDL-C//1.24(1.04, 1.42)1.23(1.07, 1.44)1.24(1.00, 1.40)0.306
LDL-C//2.97(2.53, 3.39)2.98(2.54, 3.43)2.96(2.45, 3.39)0.395
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金属和邻苯二甲酸酯复合暴露与血脂水平的全代谢组学关联分析
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廖光宇 1, 2 , 李丽 1, 2 , 李浩男 2, 3 , 唐斌 2 , 廖其龙 2 , 王俊丽 1 , 郑晶 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2025,52(12): 2172-2178
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现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2025, 52(12): 2172-2178
金属和邻苯二甲酸酯复合暴露与血脂水平的全代谢组学关联分析
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廖光宇1, 2, 李丽1, 2, 李浩男2, 3, 唐斌2, 廖其龙2, 王俊丽1 , 郑晶1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
  • 2.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,新污染物研究中心,生态环境部环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室
  • 3.中国医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系
  • 廖光宇(2001—),男,硕士在读,研究方向:环境与健康风险评估

通讯作者:

王俊丽和郑晶为共同通信作者。王俊丽,E-mail:
郑晶,E-mail:
Comprehensive metabolomics analysis of the association between combined exposure to metals and phthalates with blood lipids
Guang-Yu LIAO1, 2, Li LI1, 2, Hao-nan LI2, 3, Bin TANG2, Qi-long LIAO2, Jun-li WANG1 , Jing ZHENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 561113, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410478
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目的

探究金属与邻苯二甲酸酯(Phthalates, PAEs)复合暴露与血脂指标间的总体关联以及在此关联中的代谢扰动和内源代谢物的中介作用。

方法

随机抽取广州市(n=35)和清远市(n=39)的74名居民测定其尿液样本中15种金属元素和9种PAEs代谢物水平,采用广义线性模型和广义加权分位数和(gWQS)回归模型分别评估单污染物和复合暴露与血脂水平间的关联;基于非靶向代谢组学、中间相遇方法和中介分析识别连接复合暴露与血脂改变的内源代谢物及代谢通路,并探索代谢物的中介效应。

结果

尿中砷、镉等7种金属及邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯(MiBP)等4种PAEs代谢物浓度与总胆固醇(TC)增加呈显著正相关;表征金属与PAEs复合暴露总体负荷的加权分位数和(WQS)指数与TC增加呈剂量依赖性相关,其每增加1个单位,TC增加0.43(95% CI: 0.05~0.82)mmol/L。紫苏酸、脱氢表雄酮、花生四烯酸、雄酮、犬尿氨酸、葡萄糖胺6-磷酸和异戊酸等8种代谢物与WQS指数和TC水平均显著相关并具有显著的中介效应,中介效应依次为0.09(95% CI:0.02~0.27)、0.18(95% CI:0.04~0.35)、0.21(95% CI:0.02~0.44)、0.12(95% CI:0.02~0.24)、0.08(95% CI:0.02~0.21)、0.08(95% CI:0.01~0.20)和0.09(95% CI:0.01~0.19);类固醇激素的生物合成途径代谢通路被显著富集。

结论

类固醇激素生物合成通路及脱氢表雄酮和雄酮等代谢物可能介导金属PAEs复合暴露与TC增加的总体关联。研究结果为金属和PAEs复合暴露的健康风险和潜在生物学机制提供了代谢组学视角。

邻苯二甲酸酯  /  金属  /  复合暴露  /  血脂  /  代谢组学
Objective

To investigate the overall association between co-exposure to metals and phthalates (PAEs) and blood lipid indicators, as well as the role of metabolic disturbances and endogenous metabolites as mediators in this association.

Methods

A total of 74 residents from Guangzhou (n=35) and Qingyuan (n=39) were randomly selected, and their urine samples were analyzed for 15 metal elements and 9 PAE metabolites. Generalized linear models and generalized weighted quantile sum (gWQS) regression models were used to assess the association between individual pollutants, combined exposure, and blood lipid levels. Non-targeted metabolomics, meet-in-the-Middle (MITM) approach, and mediation analysis were performed to identify endogenous metabolites and metabolic pathways linking combined exposure with blood lipid changes, and to explore the mediating effects of metabolites.

Results

The concentrations of seven metals, including arsenic and cadmium, and four PAE metabolites, including mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), were significantly positively correlated with increased total cholesterol (TC). The weighted quantile sum (WQS) index, which represented the overall load of metal and PAE combined exposure, showed a dose-dependent relationship with TC increase. For each one-unit increase in the WQS index, TC increased by 0.43 (95% CI: 0.05-0.82) mmol/L. Eight metabolites, including perilla acid, dehydroepiandrosterone, octanoylcarnitine, arachidonic acid, estrone, kynurenine, glucose-6-phosphate, and ferulic acid, were significantly associated with the WQS index and TC levels, and exhibited significant mediating effects, and the corresponding mediation effects were 0.09 (95% CI: 0.02-0.27),0.18 (95% CI: 0.04-0.35)、0.21 (95% CI: 0.02-0.44)、0.12 (95% CI: 0.02-0.24)、0.08 (95% CI: 0.02-0.21)、0.08 (95% CI: 0.01-0.20) and 0.09 (95% CI: 0.01-0.19), respectively. The biosynthesis pathway of steroid hormones was significantly enriched.

Conclusion

The biosynthesis pathway of steroid hormones and metabolites such as dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenone may mediate the overall association between combined exposure to metals and PAEs and the increase in TC levels, providing the metabolic perspective for the overall effect on blood lipids of co-exposure to metals and PAEs.

Phthalate  /  Metal(loid)s  /  Combined exposure  /  Lipids  /  Metabolomics
廖光宇, 李丽, 李浩男, 唐斌, 廖其龙, 王俊丽, 郑晶. 金属和邻苯二甲酸酯复合暴露与血脂水平的全代谢组学关联分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2172 -2178 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410478
Guang-Yu LIAO, Li LI, Hao-nan LI, Bin TANG, Qi-long LIAO, Jun-li WANG, Jing ZHENG. Comprehensive metabolomics analysis of the association between combined exposure to metals and phthalates with blood lipids[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (12) : 2172 -2178 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410478
我国人群的总胆固醇(Total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)的加权平均值自2002年的3.93、1.12和2.12 mmol/L逐步增加至2015年的4.63、1.47和2.87 mmol/L[1]。血脂水平异常是冠状动脉疾病等多种心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一[2-3]。研究指出人体血脂波动与环境污染物暴露密切相关[4],例如金属[5-7]和邻苯二甲酸酯(Phthalates, PAEs)[8-10]等。环境污染物复合暴露可能诱发更高的健康风险[11]。例如,金属与PAEs的复合暴露与可诱发高血压[12]、食物过敏[13]、子代心理健康问题[14]及内源性生物分子扰动[15]等。然而,二者复合暴露对人体血脂改变的总体剂量反应及复合物中的关键污染物尚不明晰。近年来,代谢组学为环境暴露与健康效应提供了代谢扰动的微观视角,可用于探究潜在生物学机制和挖掘代谢标志物[16]。血脂异常被认为与代谢紊乱相关[17],但金属和PAEs复合暴露诱导的血脂异常的代谢组研究仍然缺乏。因此,本研究探讨了二者复合暴露对血脂水平的总体量效关系及关键污染物,评估了连接复合暴露与血脂改变的代谢扰动并筛查了潜在的生物标志物。
本研究基于2021年开展的一项场地污染物复合暴露与人体生物标志物挖掘的横断面研究[18]。研究对象的纳排标准如下:①居住时间超过5年;②无确诊或自述的疾病,如高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症或代谢综合征;③在近半年内无身体外伤或手术史;④在近半年内未服用任何药物或营养补充剂;⑤完成面对面的问卷调查、体格检查,以及空腹血液和晨尿取样。血脂指标和尿比重检测在广州市职业病防治院进行,剩余的血清和尿液样本则储存于-80 ℃以备后续分析。通过多阶段完全随机抽样共选取了130名来自广东省广州市和清远市的居民,其中56人为场地职业暴露人群且由于有限的生物样本未被纳入研究。因此,最终研究对象为广州市(n=35)和清远市(n=39)的74名普通居民。本研究已获得广东工业大学医学研究伦理委员会的批准([2020]伦审字(S284)号),所有参与者均提供了知情同意书。
采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS,Agilent7700X,美国)测定了尿液中15种金属及金属类似物的浓度,包括砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、钒(V)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se)、铷(Rb)、锶(Sr)、钼(Mo)和铯(Cs),具体方法请参见文献[19]。采用液相色谱系统(Agilent1260,美国)与三重四极质谱仪(AB SCIEX4000,美国)分析尿液中邻苯二甲酸单甲酯(MMP)、邻苯二甲酸单乙酯(MEP)、邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯(MiBP)、邻苯二甲酸单正丁酯(MnBP)、邻苯二甲酸单苄酯(MBzP)、邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)(MEHP)、邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基-5-羟基己基)(OHMEHP)、邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基-5-氧基己基)(OxoMEHP)和邻苯二甲酸单(2-乙基-5-羧基戊基)(CxMEHP)等9种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物(mPAEs)的浓度,具体方法详见文献[20]。尿中污染物浓度依据个人尿比重值进行调整。金属和mPAEs的检出限(limits of detection, LOD)范围为0.004~0.29和0.02~0.62 ng/ml,回收率范围为79.4%~124.1%。浓度低于LOD时采用1/2 LOD替代,并将检出率>50%的污染物纳入分析[10]
由广州市职业病防治院的专业医疗人员使用自动生化分析仪(BS-2000M,迈瑞生物医疗电子有限公司,中国深圳)按照标准方案测量了四种血脂水平,包括TC、TG、LDL-C和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)。
超高效液相色谱四极飞行时间质谱仪系统(AB SCIEX Triple TOF-MS TM5600+,美国)分析尿液代谢组,采用正负电喷雾离子化源(ESI)模式进行检测[21]。原始数据通过Proogenesis QI软件(AB SCIEX,美国)进行预处理。通过人类代谢组数据库(Human Metabolome Database, HMDB)、METLIN数据库进行代谢物鉴定。使用MetaboAnalyst 6.0和KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)数据库进行代谢途径富集分析。数据处理过程对质谱峰响应强度进行中值归一化和log10变换后进行分析。
数值变量依据其正态性(Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验)分别表示为(正态分布)和MP25P75)(非正态分布);分类变量表示为频数和百分比;正态分布数据采用两独立样本t检验,非正态采用Mann-Whitney检验;分类变量采用卡方检验。尿液中金属和mPAEs浓度经自然对数转化(Ln转换)和Z标准化以降低数据的偏态。采用广义线性模型(GLM)分析血脂与单个污染物间的相关性;使用广义加权分位数和(gWQS)回归模型[22]评估金属和mPAEs复合暴露对血脂的总体量效关系[1822]。数据集分为训练集(40%)和验证集(60%),单个污染物对总体关联的相对贡献权重来源于10 000次迭代的自举抽样,所有污染物相对权重之和为1。每个受试者的加权分位数和(WQS)指数通过每种污染物分位数得分及其相应的权重乘积之和来计算,表征复合暴露总体负荷。使用中间相遇法(MITM)识别与复合暴露和血脂均显著相关的代谢物。首先分别使用GLM分析WQS指数与代谢物间的关联,以及血脂指标与代谢物间的关联,再对两个代谢物集取交集获得重叠的代谢物。使用Benjamini和Hochberg方法进行错误发现率(False discovery rate, FDR)调整,以尽量降低假阳性风险[23]。FDR调整后的P值小于0.20被认为具有统计学意义[1024]。基于自举偏差校正加速(bias-corrected accelerated, BCa)方法进行1 000次迭代来评估重叠代谢物的潜在中介作用[25],即平均直接效应(Average direct effects, ADE)、平均因果中介效应(Average causal mediating effects, ACME)、总效应(total effects, TE)。
协变量根据其生物学相关性和先前研究的结果进行选择[9-1019],包括年龄、性别、体质指数(Body mass index, BMI)、吸烟、饮酒、年收入和体育锻炼。使用R软件包“glm”、“gWQS”和“mediation”以及R 4.1.0进行分析,并使用MetaboAnalyst 6.0和Majorbio Cloud的在线平台分析代谢组数据。双侧检验水准α=0.05。
研究参与者的人口统计学特征见表1。参与者的平均年龄为(38.0±11.8)岁,平均BMI为(23.0±3.7) kg/m2,其中广州人群的平均年龄相对小于清远人群。研究对象中男性占74.3%,吸烟者占51.4%,自报告饮酒的人占40.5%。31.1%的参与者年收入超过10万元,47.3%的参与者有规律地参加体育锻炼。
尿液中各污染物的检出限、检出率及中位数浓度如表2所示,除Mn外,其余污染物的检出率均大于85%。金属中位浓度(ng/mL)分别为:Rb(1 458.1)、Zn(463.3)、Sr(64.6)、Fe(36.2)、Mo(35.3)、As(23.7)、Cu(19.5)、Ni(17.2)、Pb(13.6)、Se(7.9)、Cs(6.4)、V(3.3)、Cd(0.7)、Cr(0.4)和Mn(0.1)。∑mPAEs的中位浓度为114.3(69.7, 213.3)ng/mL,其组成按中位浓度升序为:MBzP(0.5)、CxMEPP(0.8)、OxoMEHP(6.6)、MMP(8.5)、MiBP(11.2)、MEP(11.9)、MEHP(15.3)、OHMEHP(17.4)和MnBP(17.8)。除Cr,Ni,Cu,MEP和MBzP外,清远人群尿液污染物水平显著高于广州(P<0.05)。TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C的中位浓度分别为5.27(4.59,5.99)、1.06(0.71,1.73)、1.24(1.04,1.42)和2.97(2.53,3.39)mmol/L,其中清远人群的TG与TC水平显著高于广州人群(P<0.05)。
经FDR校正后,As、Cd、Fe、Zn、Se、Rb和Cs每增加1个标准差,TC显著增加0.21(0.05~0.37)、0.20(0.02~0.38)、0.22(0.03~0.41)、0.20(0.03~0.37)、0.18(0.01~0.34)、0.22(0.05~0.39) 和0.23(0.06~0.41) mmol/L。MiBP、MnBP、OHMEHP和OxoMEHP每增加1个标准差,TC分别增加0.19(0.02~0.36)、0.20(0.02~0.37)、0.20(0.03~0.38) 和0.22(0.05~0.39) mmol/L(图1)。金属与PAEs复合暴露的WQS指数每增加1个单位,TC增加0.43 mmol/L(95% CI: 0.05~0.82, P = 0.032);其中,MEHP(权重 = 0.139)、Fe(0.089)、MMP(0.087)、MBzP(0.078)、Cr(0.067)、Ni(0.058)、V(0.056)、MnBP(0.055)、Mo(0.053) 和MEP(0.042)的相对权重大于所有污染物的假设平均权重0.042(1/24)(图2)。
共鉴定出4 396个代谢特征,其中1 683个经过数据库注释为内源性代谢物(正模式1 060个,负模式623个);经FDR校正后有51个代谢物与TC显著相关,有358个代谢物与WQS指数相关;8种重叠代谢物为5种脂类和类脂分子:紫苏酸(Perillic acid, PA)、脱氢表雄酮(Dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA)、辛酰肉碱(Octanoylcarnitine, Octa)、花生四烯酸(Arachidic acid, AA)和雄酮(Androsterone, Andr);2种有机氧化合物:犬尿氨酸(Kynurenine, KYN)和葡萄糖胺6-磷酸(Glucosamine6-phosphate, G6P);以及1种苯丙烷酸/聚酮酸:异戊酸(Isoferulic acid, IFA)。中介分析显示复合暴露对TC水平的总效应(TE)为0.15(95% CI: -0.01~0.33;P=0.064),并观察到PA [0.09(95% CI:0.02~0.27)]、DHEA [0.18(95% CI:0.04~0.35)]、AA [0.21(95% CI:0.02~0.44)]、Andr [0.12(95% CI:0.02~0.24)]、KYN [0.08(95% CI:0.02~0.21)]、G6P [0.08(95% CI:0.01~0.20)]和IFA [0.09(95% CI:0.01~0.19)]显著的中介效应(图3)。
基于重叠的代谢物共富集5个代谢通路,其中类固醇激素生物合成(Steroid hormone biosynthesis)通路被显著富集(P=0.027,Impact=0.047,图4)。
本研究揭示了金属和PAEs复合暴露与TC的总体关联并发现5种mPAEs(MEHP、MMP、MBzP、MnBP和MEP)及5种金属元素(Fe、Cr、Ni、V和Mo)是相对权重较高的污染物。金属和PAEs复合暴露对血脂影响的研究有限,直接将本研究结果与他人发现比较较为困难。但有研究指出10种PAEs单体的混合物与TC呈显著正相关,而MEP和MEHP是在混合物中重要性排第2和第4的单体[26];9种PAEs单体的混合物与血脂的总体关联中,MEHP及其代谢物是导致TC和LDL-C水平改变最关键的成分[9]。Wan等人基于gWQS模型也发现在7种金属混合物中Pb和Fe是对TC增加影响相对权重最大的前两位污染物[27];Wei等人研究指出18种金属和3种双酚污染物的复合暴露与TC呈显著正相关,其中Se、Ti、Sr和Fe的重要性远超于其他污染物[28];但在Du等人的研究中发现11种金属的混合物与TC改变显著相关,而Se、Pb和Hg是混合物中的关键污染物[29]。因此,我们推测在金属和PAEs复合暴露与血脂水平的总体关联中,MEHP和MEP的相对重要性较为明确,但关于金属的相对重要性目前的研究结果并不一致;其可能原因一是金属的理化和毒性差异较大,如Fe、Cu、Zn等是人体必需微量元素,但As、Cd、Cr等具有显著的生物毒性;二是金属混合物彼此间的交互(协同、拮抗、相加等)效应均尚未明确。真实世界的多污染物复合暴露场景更为复杂,不同的复合暴露模式下的健康影响及其关键因子也存在较大差异。本文也未能完全涵盖真实世界中金属和PAEs复合暴露的潜在场景。然而,本研究观测了金属与PAEs复合暴露对血脂水平的总体量效关系并提示了其中的关键污染物,为二者复合暴露的健康风险评估与防控提供了研究数据。
本研究发现了连接金属和PAEs复合暴露与TC上升的8种重叠代谢产物以及1条代谢通路(类固醇激素生物合成)。动物实验表明DEHP(MEHP的母体)暴露可导致实验鼠体重增加,伴随甘油三酯的积累及脂质代谢异常[30]。重金属与PAEs的复合暴露可进一步扰动脂质代谢和氨基酸代谢[31]。类固醇激素被认为是线粒体功能的重要调节因子,并在冠状动脉疾病中发挥保护作用;而类固醇激素的改变可能对血脂稳态和心血管系统产生深远影响[32]。重金属与PAEs均具有内分泌干扰效应,可能破坏类固醇激素相关途径(如雌激素、甲状腺激素和雄激素信号传导)[33-34]。因此,我们推测重金属与PAEs复合暴露可能诱导代谢紊乱,尤其是引起类固醇激素生物合成通路紊乱,进而导致血脂稳态失衡。研究结果为我们在理解金属和PAEs复合暴露与血脂改变提供了基于生物代谢通路的新视角。
需要注意的是,本研究还存在以下的局限性:鉴于横断面研究固有的缺点,本研究观测的研究结果尚未建立因果关联;受限于较小的研究样本量,本研究结果以及筛查出来的关键金属污染物在外推时存在不确定性;研究结果为连续性变量,尚未估算复合暴露诱导血脂异常的健康风险;采用的是非靶向的代谢组学分析方法,对于筛查到的代谢标志物尚未进行定量检测和验证。
金属与邻苯二甲酸酯复合暴露与人体总胆固醇水平的增加呈剂量依赖性正相关,其中MEHP和Fe分别是两类污染物中对总体关联贡献权重最高的污染物;而类固醇激素生物合成扰动是连接复合暴露与总胆固醇水平增加的关键代谢通路。未来还需要大样本的人群队列和实验研究对本研究结果予以验证和确认。
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项项目(PM-zx097-202406-220)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1804502)
  • 广州市科技计划项目(202206010061)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202410478
  • 接收时间:2024-10-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-30
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中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项项目(PM-zx097-202406-220)
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1804502)
广州市科技计划项目(202206010061)
作者信息
    1.贵州医科大学公共卫生与健康学院,环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 561113
    2.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,新污染物研究中心,生态环境部环境污染健康风险评价重点实验室
    3.中国医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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