Article(id=1322590130485964862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202409006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725120000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793259659644, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1736438400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793259659644, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793259659644, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793259659644, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322589954702688372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736438400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793259617734, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260023378, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322591656147276425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322591656147276426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=86, endPage=91, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322590130712457279, articleId=1322590130485964862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The impact of internet use on depression among empty nesters: the chain mediating role of activities of daily living and social participation, columnId=1228016572892119056, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Primary Health Services, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To investigate the mediating role of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and social participation in the relationship between internet use and depression among empty nesters, providing references for reducing the risk of depression and improving quality of life in this population.
Methods A total of 3 974 empty nesters aged 60 and above from the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were selected as the research subjects. The ADL scale and the CESD-10 scale were used to measure the ADL and depression status of the empty nesters, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationships among internet use, ADL, social participation, and depression among empty nesters. The mediating effects of ADL and social participation in the relationship between internet use and depression were analyzed using Model 6 of the Process 4.1 plugin in SPSS.
Results Internet use had a significant direct effect on depression among empty nesters (β=-2.125, 95%CI: -2.593 to -1.654). The individual mediating effect of ADL was significant (β=-0.516, 95%CI: -0.641 to -0.389), as was the individual mediating effect of social participation (β=-0.159, 95%CI: -0.263 to -0.062). The chain mediating effect of ADL and social participation was also significant (β=-0.007, 95%CI: -0.011 to -0.002).
Conclusion Internet use can directly negatively impact depression among empty nesters, and it can also influence depression through the individual or chain mediating effects of ADL and social participation.Therefore, to reduce the risk of depression among empty nesters, it is essential to increase their internet usage, enhance their ADL levels, and promote their social participation, thereby alleviating their depressive symptoms.
, authors=Wen-chao WANG, Xiao-chen FENG, Guo-wei XIAN, Yun-na GONG, Bao-xuan ZHANG, Ru-xu GE, Yong MA, authorsList=Wen-chao WANG, Xiao-chen FENG, Guo-wei XIAN, Yun-na GONG, Bao-xuan ZHANG, Ru-xu GE, Yong MA, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yong MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322590134680268880, articleId=1322590130485964862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=互联网使用对空巢老人抑郁的影响——日常生活活动能力和社会参与的链式中介作用, columnId=1228016573533847611, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=基层卫生服务, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 探讨日常生活活动能力（activities of daily living，ADL）和社会参与在互联网使用和空巢老人抑郁间的中介作用，为降低空巢老人抑郁发生风险，提高生活质量提供参考。
方法 选取2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查中3 974例≥60岁的空巢老人作为研究对象，使用ADL量表、CESD-10量表分别测量空巢老人ADL和抑郁状况；运用Spearman相关分析法探究互联网使用、ADL、社会参与和空巢老人抑郁间的相关性，使用SPSS中Process4.1插件模型6分析ADL、社会参与在互联网使用和空巢老人抑郁间的中介作用。
结果 互联网使用对空巢老人抑郁的直接效应显著（β=-2.125，95%CI：-2.593～-1.654），ADL的单独中介效应显著（β=-0.516，95%CI：-0.641～-0.389），社会参与的单独中介效应显著（β=-0.159，95%CI：-0.263～-0.062），ADL和社会参与的链式中介效应显著（β=-0.007，95%CI：-0.011～-0.002）。
结论 互联网使用可以直接负向影响空巢老人抑郁情况，也可以通过ADL和社会参与的单独或链式中介作用影响空巢老人抑郁情况。因此，为减轻空巢老人抑郁的发生风险，应提高空巢老人互联网使用率，提升ADL水平，增加社会参与程度，从而缓解空巢老人的抑郁状况。
, authors=王文超, 冯晓晨, 鲜国炜, 宫云娜, 张宝轩, 葛汝旭, 马勇, authorsList=王文超, 冯晓晨, 鲜国炜, 宫云娜, 张宝轩, 葛汝旭, 马勇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=马勇, authorNote=
王文超（2000—），男，硕士在读，研究方向：卫生政策与卫生管理
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本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=gpWk0KwYsfJ0C8ptBKnXbg==, magXml=oNU7JrJlIrg797cEtIAc0g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Fks09Y1B2lyggWH/DkaFqg==, pdfFileSize=721598, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ILP7udLxflVpt3eenLQMYg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=aDQUgaCKvaAW/I9rhuGqoA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322590135502352469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322590135607210071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, authorId=1322590135502352469, language=EN, stringName=Wen-chao WANG, firstName=Wen-chao, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 252422, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322590135691096152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, authorId=1322590135502352469, language=CN, stringName=王文超, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=山东第二医科大学管理学院，山东 潍坊 252422, bio={"content":"
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44(21):3962-3965, 3986.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the happiness of the disabled elderly and its influencing factors, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322590148202705040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, awardId=20CFX017, language=CN, fundingSource=国家社会科学基金项目(20CFX017), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322590148286591121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, awardId=21YJC820050, language=CN, fundingSource=教育部人文社会科学基金项目(21YJC820050), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322590135150030929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322590135154225234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, companyId=1322590135150030929, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 252422, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322590135166808147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, companyId=1322590135150030929, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东第二医科大学管理学院，山东 潍坊 252422)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322590144343945345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=
Flow chart of screening, figureFileSmall=QC4D7aX3LHnfJWaTMlUfSA==, figureFileBig=ILP7udLxflVpt3eenLQMYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322590144432025730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=QC4D7aX3LHnfJWaTMlUfSA==, figureFileBig=ILP7udLxflVpt3eenLQMYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322590144826290307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=
Diagram of the chained mediation model, figureFileSmall=pXu7BfdwKVTwWgf9Hi7q2w==, figureFileBig=SjlMydqqCeJmaWknWUKZQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322590144910176388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
链式中介模型图注：***表示P<0.001；**表示P<0.01；*表示P<0.05。
, figureFileSmall=pXu7BfdwKVTwWgf9Hi7q2w==, figureFileBig=SjlMydqqCeJmaWknWUKZQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322590145161834629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Categorical variable assignment table
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 赋值 |
|---|
| 性别 | 男性=1，女性=2 |
| 年龄（岁） | 60～64=1，65～69=2，70～74=3，≥75=4 |
| 婚姻状况 | 有配偶=1，无配偶=2 |
| 是否慢性病共病 | 是=1，否=2 |
| 是否吸烟 | 是=1，否=2 |
| 是否饮酒 | 是=1，否=2 |
| 是否有医疗保险 | 是=1，否=2 |
| 是否有养老保险 | 是=1，否=2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322590145262497926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
分类变量赋值表
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 赋值 |
|---|
| 性别 | 男性=1，女性=2 |
| 年龄（岁） | 60～64=1，65～69=2，70～74=3，≥75=4 |
| 婚姻状况 | 有配偶=1，无配偶=2 |
| 是否慢性病共病 | 是=1，否=2 |
| 是否吸烟 | 是=1，否=2 |
| 是否饮酒 | 是=1，否=2 |
| 是否有医疗保险 | 是=1，否=2 |
| 是否有养老保险 | 是=1，否=2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322590145585459335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Comparison of depression scores among empty nesters with different demographic characteristics
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | | 例数 | 比例（%） | 抑郁得分（ ） | 统计量t/F值 | P值 |
|---|
| 性别 | 男 | 2 024 | 53.35 | 7.75±6.03 | 13.037 | <0.001 |
| 女 | 1 770 | 46.65 | 10.58±6.89 | | |
| 年龄（岁） | 60～64 | 1 165 | 30.71 | 8.61±6.45 | 3.605 | 0.013 |
| 65～69 | 1 182 | 31.15 | 9.91±6.56 | | |
| 70～74 | 780 | 20.56 | 9.58±6.77 | | |
| ≥75 | 667 | 17.58 | 9.08±6.66 | | |
| 婚姻状况 | 有配偶 | 3 167 | 83.47 | 8.74±6.42 | -6.521 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶 | 627 | 16.53 | 10.76±7.22 | | |
| 是否慢性病共病 | 是 | 2 500 | 65.89 | 10.01±6.80 | 13.037 | <0.001 |
| 否 | 1 294 | 34.11 | 7.27±6.76 | | |
| 是否吸烟 | 是 | 1 813 | 47.79 | 8.11±6.23 | -8.691 | <0.001 |
| 否 | 1 981 | 52.21 | 9.95±6.80 | | |
| 是否饮酒 | 是 | 1 335 | 35.19 | 7.69±6.03 | -9.948 | <0.001 |
| 否 | 2 459 | 64.81 | 9.82±6.77 | | |
| 是否有医疗保险 | 是 | 3 603 | 94.97 | 9.04±6.60 | -1.466 | 0.991 |
| 否 | 191 | 5.03 | 9.75±6.51 | | |
| 是否有养老保险 | 是 | 3 250 | 81.78 | 9.02±6.57 | -1.192 | 0.192 |
| 否 | 544 | 18.22 | 9.38±6.75 | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322590145669345416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
不同人口学特征的空巢老人在抑郁得分上的差异
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | | 例数 | 比例（%） | 抑郁得分（） | 统计量t/F值 | P值 |
|---|
| 性别 | 男 | 2 024 | 53.35 | 7.75±6.03 | 13.037 | <0.001 |
| 女 | 1 770 | 46.65 | 10.58±6.89 | | |
| 年龄（岁） | 60～64 | 1 165 | 30.71 | 8.61±6.45 | 3.605 | 0.013 |
| 65～69 | 1 182 | 31.15 | 9.91±6.56 | | |
| 70～74 | 780 | 20.56 | 9.58±6.77 | | |
| ≥75 | 667 | 17.58 | 9.08±6.66 | | |
| 婚姻状况 | 有配偶 | 3 167 | 83.47 | 8.74±6.42 | -6.521 | <0.001 |
| 无配偶 | 627 | 16.53 | 10.76±7.22 | | |
| 是否慢性病共病 | 是 | 2 500 | 65.89 | 10.01±6.80 | 13.037 | <0.001 |
| 否 | 1 294 | 34.11 | 7.27±6.76 | | |
| 是否吸烟 | 是 | 1 813 | 47.79 | 8.11±6.23 | -8.691 | <0.001 |
| 否 | 1 981 | 52.21 | 9.95±6.80 | | |
| 是否饮酒 | 是 | 1 335 | 35.19 | 7.69±6.03 | -9.948 | <0.001 |
| 否 | 2 459 | 64.81 | 9.82±6.77 | | |
| 是否有医疗保险 | 是 | 3 603 | 94.97 | 9.04±6.60 | -1.466 | 0.991 |
| 否 | 191 | 5.03 | 9.75±6.51 | | |
| 是否有养老保险 | 是 | 3 250 | 81.78 | 9.02±6.57 | -1.192 | 0.192 |
| 否 | 544 | 18.22 | 9.38±6.75 | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322590145736454281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Correlation analysis of cognitive function in empty nesters with internet use, ADL, social participation, and depression（r）
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 互联网使用 | ADL | 社会参与 | 抑郁 |
|---|
| 互联网使用 | 1 | — | — | — |
| ADL | 0.155*** | 1 | — | — |
| 社会参与 | 0.213*** | 0.089*** | 1 | — |
| 抑郁 | -0.201*** | -0.391*** | -0.089*** | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322590146000695434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
互联网使用、ADL、社会参与和抑郁的空巢老年人认知功能的相关分析结果（r）
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 互联网使用 | ADL | 社会参与 | 抑郁 |
|---|
| 互联网使用 | 1 | — | — | — |
| ADL | 0.155*** | 1 | — | — |
| 社会参与 | 0.213*** | 0.089*** | 1 | — |
| 抑郁 | -0.201*** | -0.391*** | -0.089*** | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322590146063609995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Analysis results of chain mediation model regression
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 模型1：ADL | 模型2：社会参与 | 模型3：抑郁程度 |
|---|
| β |  | t值 | β |  | t值 | β |  | t值 |
|---|
| 常量 | 33.947 | 0.389 | 87.237*** | -0.347 | 0.322 | -1.078 | 26.328 | 1.040 | 25.327*** |
| 互联网使用 | 0.268 | 0.152 | 6.328*** | 0.963 | 0.073 | 13.244*** | -2.125 | 0.240 | -8.848*** |
| ADL | | | | 0.041 | 0.008 | 5.285*** | -0.538 | 0.025 | -21.409*** |
| 社会参与 | | | | | | | -0.165 | 0.053 | -3.140** |
| 性别 | -0.450 | 0.182 | -2.472* | 0.335 | 0.087 | 3.855*** | 2.034 | 0.281 | 7.250*** |
| 年龄 | -0.297 | 0.061 | -4.893*** | 0.061 | 0.029 | 2.104* | -0.341 | 0.094 | -3.635*** |
| 婚姻状况 | 0.154 | 0.172 | 0.844 | -0.088 | 0.082 | 1.075 | 1.505 | 0.265 | 5.683*** |
| 慢性病共病 | 1.314 | 0.131 | 10.053*** | -0.140 | 0.063 | -2.208* | -1.922 | 0.204 | -9.421*** |
| 吸烟 | -0.249 | 0.174 | 1.428 | -0.068 | 0.082 | -0.820 | -0.141 | 0.269 | -0.527 |
| 饮酒 | -0.556 | 0.142 | -3.904*** | -0.275 | 0.068 | -4.045*** | 0.405 | 0.220 | 1.841 |
| R2值 | | 0.059 | | | 0.064 | | | 0.220 | |
| F值 | | 34.163*** | | | 32.462*** | | | 118.597*** | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322590147699388556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
链式中介模型回归分析结果
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 变量 | 模型1：ADL | 模型2：社会参与 | 模型3：抑郁程度 |
|---|
| β | | t值 | β | | t值 | β | | t值 |
|---|
| 常量 | 33.947 | 0.389 | 87.237*** | -0.347 | 0.322 | -1.078 | 26.328 | 1.040 | 25.327*** |
| 互联网使用 | 0.268 | 0.152 | 6.328*** | 0.963 | 0.073 | 13.244*** | -2.125 | 0.240 | -8.848*** |
| ADL | | | | 0.041 | 0.008 | 5.285*** | -0.538 | 0.025 | -21.409*** |
| 社会参与 | | | | | | | -0.165 | 0.053 | -3.140** |
| 性别 | -0.450 | 0.182 | -2.472* | 0.335 | 0.087 | 3.855*** | 2.034 | 0.281 | 7.250*** |
| 年龄 | -0.297 | 0.061 | -4.893*** | 0.061 | 0.029 | 2.104* | -0.341 | 0.094 | -3.635*** |
| 婚姻状况 | 0.154 | 0.172 | 0.844 | -0.088 | 0.082 | 1.075 | 1.505 | 0.265 | 5.683*** |
| 慢性病共病 | 1.314 | 0.131 | 10.053*** | -0.140 | 0.063 | -2.208* | -1.922 | 0.204 | -9.421*** |
| 吸烟 | -0.249 | 0.174 | 1.428 | -0.068 | 0.082 | -0.820 | -0.141 | 0.269 | -0.527 |
| 饮酒 | -0.556 | 0.142 | -3.904*** | -0.275 | 0.068 | -4.045*** | 0.405 | 0.220 | 1.841 |
| R2值 | | 0.059 | | | 0.064 | | | 0.220 | |
| F值 | | 34.163*** | | | 32.462*** | | | 118.597*** | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322590147804246157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=
Chain mediation path analysis
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 路径 | 效应值（95%CI） |  | 相对中介效应（%） |
|---|
| 总效应 | -2.806（-3.292～-2.320） | 0.248 | 100 |
| 直接效应 | -2.125（-2.595～-1.654） | 0.240 | 75.72 |
| 总间接效应 | -0.681（-0.848～-0.524） | 0.082 | 24.28 |
| 路径1 | -0.516（-0.641～-0.389） | 0.064 | 18.39 |
| 路径2 | -0.159（-0.263～-0.062） | 0.052 | 5.66 |
| 路径3 | -0.007（-0.011～-0.002） | 0.002 | 0.23 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322590148106236046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590130485964862, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
链式中介路径分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 路径 | 效应值（95%CI） | | 相对中介效应（%） |
|---|
| 总效应 | -2.806（-3.292～-2.320） | 0.248 | 100 |
| 直接效应 | -2.125（-2.595～-1.654） | 0.240 | 75.72 |
| 总间接效应 | -0.681（-0.848～-0.524） | 0.082 | 24.28 |
| 路径1 | -0.516（-0.641～-0.389） | 0.064 | 18.39 |
| 路径2 | -0.159（-0.263～-0.062） | 0.052 | 5.66 |
| 路径3 | -0.007（-0.011～-0.002） | 0.002 | 0.23 |
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