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Article(id=1241329578409521739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408466, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724515200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773885634280, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773885634280, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773885634280, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885634280, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241329570129956900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='13', pageStart='2305', pageEnd='2496', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773885632307, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773885763730, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241330121425080472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241330121425080473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1241329570129956900, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2369, endPage=2373, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241329578833146475, articleId=1241329578409521739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Association between dietary patterns and hypertension in Mongolian adults, columnId=1228016572783063333, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Nutrition and Food Hygiene, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To examine the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension prevalence among Mongolian adults, providing evidence for dietary interventions to prevent hypertension in this population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among Mongolian adults from three regions in Inner Mongolia. Principal component analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, and binary logistic regression was employed to assess the association between different dietary patterns and hypertension risk.

Results

Among 2 179 participants, 1 056 had hypertension, yielding a prevalence rate of 48.46%. Six dietary patterns were identified. The beverage-dessert pattern (OR=1.256, 95%CI: 1.008-1.56) and fast-food-whole dairy pattern (OR=1.250, 95%CI: 1.002-1.559) were positively associated with hypertension, while the mushroom-algae-legume pattern (OR=0.701, 95%CI: 0.563-0.874) showed a negative association.

Conclusion

The prevalence of hypertension is high among Mongolian adults. Adherence to a mushroom-algae-legume dietary pattern may reduce hypertension risk, whereas the beverage-dessert and fast-food-whole dairy patterns may increase the risk. Targeted dietary interventions should be considered for hypertension prevention in this population.

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目的

通过观察蒙古族成年人群膳食模式特点与高血压患病情况间关系，为合理干预膳食而预防该人群高血压的发生提供依据。

方法

对居住于内蒙古三个地区的蒙古族成年人群进行横断面调查，应用主成分分析法提取膳食模式，运用二元logistic回归方法评估不同膳食模式与高血压患病风险之间的关联。

结果

调查对象2 179人，高血压患者1 056人，患病率为48.46%。共提取出六种膳食模式，其中饮料甜品膳食模式、速食全脂奶类膳食模式与高血压呈正相关（OR=1.256，95%CI：1.008～1.56；OR=1.250，95%CI：1.002～1.559）；菌藻豆类膳食模式与高血压呈负相关（OR= 0.701，95%CI：0.563～0.874）。

结论

蒙古族成年人群高血压的患病率较高，遵循菌藻豆类膳食模式可降低蒙古族高血压患病风险；继续饮料甜品膳食模式，速食全脂奶类膳食模式会增加该人群患高血压风险。

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赵灵燕，E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=RiNIWoOV4O8JpX2F1OYffg==, magXml=M8r+1ZzmOW3x6Bi/oKtNZA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=yB25ovGCsHvXZp7hZ5gcDQ==, pdfFileSize=561763, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=IeVK6mYzGILEthdG47p8wQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

赵燕平（1982—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：神经病学分子流行病学

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赵燕平（1982—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：神经病学分子流行病学

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赵燕平（1982—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：神经病学分子流行病学

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Nutrients, 2024, 16(2): 192., articleTitle=Bean and nut intake were protective factors for comorbid hypertension and hyperuricemia in Chinese adults: results from China nutrition and health surveillance(2015-2017), refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241329765601301262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, awardId=81660564, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(81660564), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241329765756490524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, awardId=2023MS08059, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自然科学基金(2023MS08059), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241329765890708262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, awardId=2023SGGZ0022, language=CN, fundingSource=自治区卫生健康委首府地区公立医院高水平临床专科建设科技项目(2023SGGZ0022), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241329766012343087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, awardId=NJZY22679, language=CN, fundingSource=自治区高等学校科学技术研究项目(NJZY22679), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241329766117200698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, awardId=YKD2022LH062, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古医科大学联合项目(YKD2022LH062), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241329766188503873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, awardId=YKD2022ZD001, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古医科大学重点项目(YKD2022ZD001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241329766268195653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, awardId=ZY20241205, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古医科大学致远人才项目(ZY20241205), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241329757502099770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329757506294075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, companyId=1241329757502099770, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329757523071294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, companyId=1241329757502099770, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.内蒙古医科大学附属医院神经内科，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010110)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241329757611151683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329757623734595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, companyId=1241329757611151683, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.内蒙古医科大学公共卫生学院，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010110)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241329757724397899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329757736980812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, companyId=1241329757724397899, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.内蒙古医科大学慢性病分子流行病学重点实验室，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010110)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241329757829255504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241329757837644113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, companyId=1241329757829255504, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.呼和浩特市疾病预防控制中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241329764422701753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Diagnostic/grouping criteria for indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量诊断/分组标准
血压诊断标准
高血压患者SBP≥140 mm Hg或DBP≥90 mm Hg；
受试者有高血压病史，或服用降压药物
正常者SBP<140 mm Hg和DBP<90 mm Hg；
受试者无高血压病史，或未服用降压药物
BMI（kg/m2）
较轻<18.5
正常≥18.5且<24
超重≥24且<28
肥胖≥28
吸烟分组
从不吸烟从不吸烟
曾经吸烟已经戒烟六个月以上
轻度吸烟指持续吸烟且吸烟系数<624
重度吸烟持续吸烟且吸烟系数≥624
体力活动（分钟/周）
低等强度<600
中等强度≥600且<1 500
高等强度≥1 500
), ArticleFig(id=1241329764506587842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各指标诊断/分组标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量诊断/分组标准
血压诊断标准
高血压患者SBP≥140 mm Hg或DBP≥90 mm Hg；
受试者有高血压病史，或服用降压药物
正常者SBP<140 mm Hg和DBP<90 mm Hg；
受试者无高血压病史，或未服用降压药物
BMI（kg/m2）
较轻<18.5
正常≥18.5且<24
超重≥24且<28
肥胖≥28
吸烟分组
从不吸烟从不吸烟
曾经吸烟已经戒烟六个月以上
轻度吸烟指持续吸烟且吸烟系数<624
重度吸烟持续吸烟且吸烟系数≥624
体力活动（分钟/周）
低等强度<600
中等强度≥600且<1 500
高等强度≥1 500
), ArticleFig(id=1241329764636611275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of hypertension prevalence among different groups ［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总人数
（构成比）		高血压
（患病率）		χ2 值P值
性别
男848(38.9)463(54.6)20.931<0.001
女1 331(61.1)593(44.6)
年龄（岁）
<35213(9.8)26(12.2)243.136<0.001
≥35～45307(14.1)87(28.3)
≥45～55650(29.8)311(47.8)
≥55～65612(28.1)383(62.6)
≥65397(18.2)249(62.7)
文化程度
小学及以下1 120(51.4)593(52.9)18.59<0.001
初高中/中专897(41.2)391(43.6)
大专/大学及以上162(7.4)72(44.4)
职业
未就业/退休447(20.5)245(54.8)9.0890.011
生产/企事业单位301(13.8)142(47.2)
农林牧渔1 431(65.7)669(46.8)
体力活动
低等强度793(36.4)428(54.0)28.188<0.001
中等强度830(38.1)409(49.3)
高等强度556(25.5)219(39.4)
吸烟状况
从不吸烟1 486(68.2)696(46.8)21.714<0.001
曾经吸烟210(9.6)128(61.0)
轻度吸烟330(15.5)145(43.9)
重度吸烟153(7.0)87(56.9)
BMI
较轻46(2.1)10(21.7)125.124<0.001
正常654(30.0)224(34.3)
超重1 083(49.7)556(51.3)
肥胖396(18.2)266(67.2)
高血压家族史
无1 100(50.5)495(45.0)10.6640.001
有1 079(49.5)561(52.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1241329764762440400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同组间高血压患病状况比较［n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量总人数
（构成比）		高血压
（患病率）		χ2 值P值
性别
男848(38.9)463(54.6)20.931<0.001
女1 331(61.1)593(44.6)
年龄（岁）
<35213(9.8)26(12.2)243.136<0.001
≥35～45307(14.1)87(28.3)
≥45～55650(29.8)311(47.8)
≥55～65612(28.1)383(62.6)
≥65397(18.2)249(62.7)
文化程度
小学及以下1 120(51.4)593(52.9)18.59<0.001
初高中/中专897(41.2)391(43.6)
大专/大学及以上162(7.4)72(44.4)
职业
未就业/退休447(20.5)245(54.8)9.0890.011
生产/企事业单位301(13.8)142(47.2)
农林牧渔1 431(65.7)669(46.8)
体力活动
低等强度793(36.4)428(54.0)28.188<0.001
中等强度830(38.1)409(49.3)
高等强度556(25.5)219(39.4)
吸烟状况
从不吸烟1 486(68.2)696(46.8)21.714<0.001
曾经吸烟210(9.6)128(61.0)
轻度吸烟330(15.5)145(43.9)
重度吸烟153(7.0)87(56.9)
BMI
较轻46(2.1)10(21.7)125.124<0.001
正常654(30.0)224(34.3)
超重1 083(49.7)556(51.3)
肥胖396(18.2)266(67.2)
高血压家族史
无1 100(50.5)495(45.0)10.6640.001
有1 079(49.5)561(52.0)
), ArticleFig(id=1241329764888269528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Factor load of various foods in different dietary patterns

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物畜肉水果膳食模式饮料甜品膳食模式菌藻豆类膳食模式薯类蔬菜膳食模式谷物全脂奶类膳食模式速食全脂奶类膳食模式
谷类0.020-0.057-0.0580.1100.840-0.149
薯类0.071-0.0140.0980.7000.0660.004
豆类0.007-0.0230.6120.3470.014-0.037
蔬菜类0.4950.0020.0500.4730.0570.047
菌藻类0.106-0.0560.682-0.3200.1080.009
水果类0.6720.0760.061-0.0190.0480.121
全脂奶类0.0900.2410.194-0.0430.5150.360
畜肉类0.7400.0670.0260.063-0.008-0.102
禽肉类0.1560.3500.2690.305-0.1650.074
海产品类-0.0320.4440.2830.008-0.039-0.046
蛋类-0.2640.4260.1410.3530.1960.043
干坚果类0.0160.1580.4880.178-0.026-0.024
糖蜜饯类0.1990.460-0.046-0.2470.0450.301
饮料类0.1570.662-0.0840.0180.070-0.159
酒类-0.0450.314-0.0050.049-0.007-0.768
速食类-0.0560.274-0.1270.219-0.1000.421
), ArticleFig(id=1241329765035070179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同膳食模式中各类食物的因子负荷

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物畜肉水果膳食模式饮料甜品膳食模式菌藻豆类膳食模式薯类蔬菜膳食模式谷物全脂奶类膳食模式速食全脂奶类膳食模式
谷类0.020-0.057-0.0580.1100.840-0.149
薯类0.071-0.0140.0980.7000.0660.004
豆类0.007-0.0230.6120.3470.014-0.037
蔬菜类0.4950.0020.0500.4730.0570.047
菌藻类0.106-0.0560.682-0.3200.1080.009
水果类0.6720.0760.061-0.0190.0480.121
全脂奶类0.0900.2410.194-0.0430.5150.360
畜肉类0.7400.0670.0260.063-0.008-0.102
禽肉类0.1560.3500.2690.305-0.1650.074
海产品类-0.0320.4440.2830.008-0.039-0.046
蛋类-0.2640.4260.1410.3530.1960.043
干坚果类0.0160.1580.4880.178-0.026-0.024
糖蜜饯类0.1990.460-0.046-0.2470.0450.301
饮料类0.1570.662-0.0840.0180.070-0.159
酒类-0.0450.314-0.0050.049-0.007-0.768
速食类-0.0560.274-0.1270.219-0.1000.421
), ArticleFig(id=1241329765190259441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Binary logistic regression of dietary patterns and hypertension

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
膳食模式OR（95%CI）值P值aOR（95%CI）值P值
饮料甜品膳食模式（Q1为参照组）
Q21.207(0.982～1.484)0.0741.106(0.889～1.376)0.366
Q31.359(1.105～1.570)0.0041.256(1.008～1.565)0.042
菌藻豆类膳食模式（Q1为参照组）
Q20.901(0.733～1.106)0.3190.873(0.703～1.806)0.223
Q30.757(0.616～0.930)0.0080.701(0.563～0.874)0.002
速食全脂奶类膳食模式（Q1为参照组）
Q20.965(0.785～1.186)0.7340.953(0.766～1.186)0.667
Q31.240(1.009～1.524)0.0411.250(1.002～1.559)0.048
), ArticleFig(id=1241329765328671483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1241329578409521739, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

膳食模式与高血压的二元logistic回归

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
膳食模式OR（95%CI）值P值aOR（95%CI）值P值
饮料甜品膳食模式（Q1为参照组）
Q21.207(0.982～1.484)0.0741.106(0.889～1.376)0.366
Q31.359(1.105～1.570)0.0041.256(1.008～1.565)0.042
菌藻豆类膳食模式（Q1为参照组）
Q20.901(0.733～1.106)0.3190.873(0.703～1.806)0.223
Q30.757(0.616～0.930)0.0080.701(0.563～0.874)0.002
速食全脂奶类膳食模式（Q1为参照组）
Q20.965(0.785～1.186)0.7340.953(0.766～1.186)0.667
Q31.240(1.009～1.524)0.0411.250(1.002～1.559)0.048
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蒙古族成年人群膳食模式与高血压的相关性研究
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赵燕平 1 , 卢亚廷 2 , 李乌云塔娜 2, 3 , 包含 2 , 刘艳超 2, 3 , 庞慧 2, 3 , 李娜 4 , 张聪 2, 3 , 赵灵燕 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025,52(13): 2369-2373
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现代预防医学 | 营养与食品卫生 2025, 52(13): 2369-2373
蒙古族成年人群膳食模式与高血压的相关性研究
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赵燕平1, 卢亚廷2, 李乌云塔娜2, 3, 包含2, 刘艳超2, 3, 庞慧2, 3, 李娜4, 张聪2, 3, 赵灵燕2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古医科大学附属医院神经内科，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010110
  • 2.内蒙古医科大学公共卫生学院，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010110
  • 3.内蒙古医科大学慢性病分子流行病学重点实验室，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010110
  • 4.呼和浩特市疾病预防控制中心

    • 赵燕平（1982—），女，硕士，副主任医师，研究方向：神经病学分子流行病学

通讯作者:

赵灵燕，E-mail:
Association between dietary patterns and hypertension in Mongolian adults
Yan-ping ZHAO1, Ya-ting LU2, Wu-yun-ta-na LI2, 3, Han BAO2, Yan-chao LIU2, 3, Hui PANG2, 3, Na LI4, Cong ZHANG2, 3, Ling-yan ZHAO2, 3
Affiliations
  • Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, China
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408466
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摘要
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目的

通过观察蒙古族成年人群膳食模式特点与高血压患病情况间关系，为合理干预膳食而预防该人群高血压的发生提供依据。

方法

对居住于内蒙古三个地区的蒙古族成年人群进行横断面调查，应用主成分分析法提取膳食模式，运用二元logistic回归方法评估不同膳食模式与高血压患病风险之间的关联。

结果

调查对象2 179人，高血压患者1 056人，患病率为48.46%。共提取出六种膳食模式，其中饮料甜品膳食模式、速食全脂奶类膳食模式与高血压呈正相关（OR=1.256，95%CI：1.008～1.56；OR=1.250，95%CI：1.002～1.559）；菌藻豆类膳食模式与高血压呈负相关（OR= 0.701，95%CI：0.563～0.874）。

结论

蒙古族成年人群高血压的患病率较高，遵循菌藻豆类膳食模式可降低蒙古族高血压患病风险；继续饮料甜品膳食模式，速食全脂奶类膳食模式会增加该人群患高血压风险。

膳食模式  /  高血压  /  蒙古族
Objective

To examine the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension prevalence among Mongolian adults, providing evidence for dietary interventions to prevent hypertension in this population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among Mongolian adults from three regions in Inner Mongolia. Principal component analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, and binary logistic regression was employed to assess the association between different dietary patterns and hypertension risk.

Results

Among 2 179 participants, 1 056 had hypertension, yielding a prevalence rate of 48.46%. Six dietary patterns were identified. The beverage-dessert pattern (OR=1.256, 95%CI: 1.008-1.56) and fast-food-whole dairy pattern (OR=1.250, 95%CI: 1.002-1.559) were positively associated with hypertension, while the mushroom-algae-legume pattern (OR=0.701, 95%CI: 0.563-0.874) showed a negative association.

Conclusion

The prevalence of hypertension is high among Mongolian adults. Adherence to a mushroom-algae-legume dietary pattern may reduce hypertension risk, whereas the beverage-dessert and fast-food-whole dairy patterns may increase the risk. Targeted dietary interventions should be considered for hypertension prevention in this population.

Dietary pattern  /  Hypertension  /  Mongolian
赵燕平, 卢亚廷, 李乌云塔娜, 包含, 刘艳超, 庞慧, 李娜, 张聪, 赵灵燕. 蒙古族成年人群膳食模式与高血压的相关性研究. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (13) : 2369 -2373 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408466
Yan-ping ZHAO, Ya-ting LU, Wu-yun-ta-na LI, Han BAO, Yan-chao LIU, Hui PANG, Na LI, Cong ZHANG, Ling-yan ZHAO. Association between dietary patterns and hypertension in Mongolian adults[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (13) : 2369 -2373 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408466
正文
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我国成年人群高血压患病率已达27.5%，而知晓率、治疗率及控制率仅为51.6%、45.8%和16.8%,仍处于较低水平[1]。一项针对35岁以上的蒙古族与汉族人群高血压调查表明，蒙古族人群的患病率为36.0%，高于汉族的32.0%[2]。各种营养素以及不同膳食模式与血压水平直接相关，合理膳食可有效降低血压[3]。本研究将探索蒙古族人群膳食模式的特点，为该人群制定有效防治高血压的膳食模式提供理论依据，促进蒙古族人群高血压的有效防治。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　调查对象
1.1.1　资料来源
采用分层整群抽样方法，随机抽取居住于呼和浩特市、通辽市、锡林郭勒盟地区蒙古族人群进行横断面调查。本研究已通过内蒙古医科大学伦理委员会审批(YKD2016066)。
1.1.2　研究对象的入选与排除
入选标准：（1）自愿参加此项调查，签署知情同意书；（2）年满18周岁；（3）家系近三代为蒙古族；（4）居住大于五年的居民。排除标准：（1）妊娠期及哺乳期妇女、患有重要脏器原发性疾病、患有原发性代谢异常的病人；（2）后续资料不全，无法分析者。
1.1.3　样本量
利用横断面研究的样本量计算公式估算调查人数为1 013人，最终获得有效样本2 179人。
1.2　研究方法
1.2.1　体格检查
采用欧姆龙医用电子血压计测量血压，坐姿测右臂静脉血压，要求受试者测量二次血压，间隔至少10 min，取平均值。高血压诊断标准分组[1]，高血压患者分组见表1；采用立柱式身高测量仪器，测量结果精度为0.1 cm；采用电子称重器进行体重测定，准确度为0.1 kg。身体质量指数（body mass index，BMI）分组见表1。
1.2.2　基本信息调查
包括被调查者一般资料等。吸烟分组计算：吸烟系数=每天吸烟数×吸烟年数[4]。体力活动分组[5]：参照国际体力活动问卷计算不同体力活动水平的运动代谢当量（metabolic equivalent,MET），高强度能量消耗=8.0 METs、中强度能量消耗=4.0 METs。高强度体力活动：包括快跑、做重活等；中强度体力活动：包括舞蹈、做家务等。计算公式：MET=高强度活动能量消耗×每周体力活动总时间+中强度活动能量消耗×每周体力活动总时间。见表1。
1.2.3　膳食调查
采用食物频率法对调查者过去一年膳食进行回忆调查，统计食用食物频率（次/日或次/周或次/月或次/年）和每次摄入量（g或ml）。根据《中国食物成分表》（第1册，第2版），将69种食物分为畜肉（如牛肉、羊肉等）、禽肉（如鸡肉、鸭肉等）、海产品（如鱼肉、虾等）、蔬菜（如菠菜、白菜等）、水果（如苹果、西瓜等）、谷物（如馒头、米饭等）、薯类（如土豆、红薯等）、全脂奶类（如牛奶、全脂奶粉等）、蛋类（如鸡蛋、鸭蛋等）、豆类（如大豆、黑豆等）、饮料（如可乐、果汁等）、酒类（如啤酒、白酒等）等16大类。
1.2.4　营养素计算
根据食用频率（次/日或次/周或次/月或次/年）和每次摄入量（g或ml）计算各营养素摄入量。
1.3　质量控制
本研究调查员均接受了规范的培训，通过专家评估和预实验的方式统一了调查内容和封闭式的结构化问卷的填写方法。在膳食调查中使用食品及餐具的图片和模型作为选择参考标准，以辅助被调查者判断食物种类及频率；收集的问卷及时核实完整度并进行录入工作；采用Epidata双人平行录入，并建立核查文件，发现遗漏或错误立即纠正。
1.4　统计学方法
选用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析。正态分布的计量资料用（）描述，采用方差分析处理；计数资料用构成比描述，采用χ2检验分析。各项假设检验均为双侧检验，检验水准α=0.05。采用主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）建立膳食模式，利用二元logistic回归分析不同膳食模式与高血压患病风险之间的关系。
2　结果
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2.1　人口学特征
调查人群2 179人，高血压患者1 056人，患病率为48.46%。根据中国2019年的人口数据，标化性别患病率为49.68%。见表2。
2.2　膳食模式
2.2.1　膳食模式
结合碎石图，通过PCA共提取出六个特征根>1的主成分，其特征根为2.095、1.294、1.150、1.085、1.032、1.004，方差贡献率为13.094%、8.089%、7.190%、6.782%、6.449%、6.273%，累积贡献率为47.878%。KMO检验值为0.688，Bartlett球形检验P<0.001。
采用PCA提取膳食模式，取载荷因子较高的食物命名膳食模式。第一个主成分为畜肉水果膳食模式，包含畜肉、水果、蔬菜等；第二个为饮料甜品膳食模式，包含饮料、糖蜜饯、海产品等；第三个为菌藻豆类膳食模式，包含菌藻、豆类、干坚果等；第四个为薯类蔬菜膳食模式，包含薯类、蔬菜、蛋类等；第五个为谷物全脂奶类膳食模式，包含谷物、全脂奶类、蛋类等；第六个为速食全脂奶类膳食模式，包含速食、全脂奶类、糖蜜饯等。见表3。
2.2.2　膳食模式与高血压的关系
膳食模式三分位数与高血压进行二元logistic回归分析，调整BMI、高血压家族史、文化程度、职业、吸烟状况和体力活动因素，得到调整后的OR值，结果显示：饮料甜品膳食模式最高三分位（Q3）水平者高血压患病风险是最低分位（Q1）的1.256（OR=1.256，95%CI：1.008～1.565）倍；速食全脂奶类膳食模式Q3是Q1的1.250（OR=1.250，95%CI：1.002～1.559）倍；菌藻豆类膳食模式Q3为Q1的0.701（OR=0.701，95%CI：0.563～0.874）倍。见表4。
3　讨论
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本研究中蒙古族成年人群高血压患病率为48.46%，远高于全国成年人群高血压患病率27.5%，且随年龄增加患病率同步上升，男性高血压患病率为54.60%，女性为44.55%，与全国人群高血压性别分布一致[1]。
本次研究中，大专/大学及以上人群组患病率为44.4%，小学及以下组为52.9%，文化水平越高，人群对于相关健康知识及理论越容易接受了解，更易形成健康行为习惯或改变危害健康的行为[6]。高血压患者中，肥胖者患病率67.2%，超重者51.3%，比正常者高1.96和1.50倍，高BMI可能增加高血压患病率，与其他研究结果相似[7]。
Chen Li [8]的研究显示吸烟暴露增加高血压风险，高体力活动可减少高血压患病。本研究中重度吸烟人群患病率为56.9%，高于不吸烟人群患病率46.8%。低等强度体力活动者患病率是中等强度体力活动者患病率的1.09倍，是高等强度者的1.37倍，提示吸烟增加患高血压风险，体力锻炼可降低高血压患病。有家族史者高血压患病率明显高于无家族史者，提示高血压家族史可导致高血压的患病风险上升，与以往研究结果相符[9]。
国内一项研究表明，增加居民膳食模式多样化可能减低高血压发生率[10]。本研究根据居民一年食用食物提取出六种膳食模式，其中饮料甜品膳食模式与高血压患病呈正相关，与相关研究结果一致[11]。而本研究中，速食全脂奶类膳食模式与高血压呈正关联，提示为危险因素。本研究中速食全脂奶类主要以速食、全脂奶类、糖蜜饯为主，速食摄入量包括饼干、方便面和薯片等食品，糖蜜饯包括果脯、蜜饯和巧克力等食品，可能会增加慢性病的患病风险。
内蒙古地区全脂奶类主要以牛奶为主，奶制品原材料以牛奶为基础加工制作，如奶豆腐、奶茶等全脂奶类食品。目前全脂奶类与高血压的患病结果仍存在争议，一项以女性为研究对象的前瞻性研究显示[12]，乳制品的摄入与高血压的患病无关联。而另一项研究结果显示[13]，全脂奶类摄入量升高是发生高血压的危险因素，这与本研究结果一致，其致病机制可能与导致低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高有关[14]。因此，全脂奶类摄入量与高血压的患病情况需进一步深入研究。真菌和藻类是预防高血压的健康食物[15]。豆类和坚果类摄入是中国成年人合并高血压和高尿酸血症的保护因素[16]。本次研究中菌藻豆类膳食模式可降低患高血压的风险，与以上研究相符。
本研究尚存在一定局限，一是研究对象回忆过去一年食物摄入情况，存在一定偏倚；二是研究仅包含部分地区居民情况，并未涵盖整个内蒙古地区，今后需进一步扩大调查范围，以便更好干预。
综上所述，蒙古族成年人群中高血压的患病率较高，已高达48.46%。蒙古族成年人群有三种膳食模式与高血压相关，其中遵循菌藻豆类膳食模式可降低高血压的患病风险；继续饮料甜品膳食模式，速食全脂奶类膳食模式会增加高血压患病风险。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(81660564)
  • 内蒙古自然科学基金(2023MS08059)
  • 自治区卫生健康委首府地区公立医院高水平临床专科建设科技项目(2023SGGZ0022)
  • 自治区高等学校科学技术研究项目(NJZY22679)
  • 内蒙古医科大学联合项目(YKD2022LH062)
  • 内蒙古医科大学重点项目(YKD2022ZD001)
  • 内蒙古医科大学致远人才项目(ZY20241205)
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2025年第52卷第13期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408466
  • 接收时间：2024-08-25
  • 首发时间：2026-03-19
  • 出版时间：2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-08-25
基金
国家自然科学基金(81660564)
内蒙古自然科学基金(2023MS08059)
自治区卫生健康委首府地区公立医院高水平临床专科建设科技项目(2023SGGZ0022)
自治区高等学校科学技术研究项目(NJZY22679)
内蒙古医科大学联合项目(YKD2022LH062)
内蒙古医科大学重点项目(YKD2022ZD001)
内蒙古医科大学致远人才项目(ZY20241205)
作者信息
    1.内蒙古医科大学附属医院神经内科，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010110
    2.内蒙古医科大学公共卫生学院，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010110
    3.内蒙古医科大学慢性病分子流行病学重点实验室，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010110
    4.呼和浩特市疾病预防控制中心

通讯作者:

赵灵燕，E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/xdyfyx/CN/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202408466
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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