Article(id=1322589956552380730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407264, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721059200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793259618174, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1736438400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793259618174, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793259618174, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793259618174, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322589954702688372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736438400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793259617734, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260023378, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322591656147276425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322591656147276426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=15, endPage=20, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322589957412213051, articleId=1322589956552380730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Path analysis of the status and influencing factors of heart-focused anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease, columnId=1240413921954295836, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the status of heart-focused anxiety (HFA) in patients with coronary heart disease and to construct a structural equation model based on the theory of stress processes to analyze the influencing factors and correlations among various variables.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used to select 247 patients with coronary heart disease who visited the Department of Cardiology at the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from December 2023 to June 2024 for a questionnaire survey. A structural equation model was employed to investigate the influencing factors and path analysis of HFA in these patients.

Results

A total of 247 patients with coronary heart disease were included, with a mean score of (25.77±8.39) on the heart anxiety questionnaire, and the HFA detection rate was 33.2% (82 cases). The structural equation model indicated that positive coping, negative coping, social support, and disease perception had direct effects on HFA, with effect values of -0.226, 0.275, -0.272, and 0.204, respectively (all P < 0.01). Social support had an indirect negative effect value on HFA of-0.187 (95%CI: -0.302 to -0.096), accounting for 40.74% of the total effect. The disease perception had an indirect positive effect value on HFA of 0.335 (95%CI: 0.242 to 0.385), accounting for 62.27% of the total effect.

Conclusion

HFA symptoms are relatively common in patients with coronary heart disease. Healthcare professionals can reduce the level of HFA in patients by guiding them to establish correct disease cognition, adopt positive coping strategies, and actively seek social support.

, authors=Jia-min LI1, 2, Yan LI1, Jing-wen QIN2, Si-xin ZHOU1, Kai-zheng GONG1, 2, authorsList=Jia-min LI, Yan LI, Jing-wen QIN, Si-xin ZHOU, Kai-zheng GONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Kai-zheng GONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322589969055600966, articleId=1322589956552380730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=冠心病患者心因性焦虑现状及影响因素的路径分析, columnId=1228016567632462653, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=流行病与统计方法, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解冠心病患者心因性焦虑(heart-focused anxiety, HFA)现状,构建基于应激作用过程理论的结构方程模型,分析HFA的影响因素及各变量间的相关性。

方法

采用便利抽样法选取2023年12月—2024年6月于扬州大学附属医院心内科就诊的247例冠心病患者进行问卷调查。采用结构方程模型探讨冠心病患者HFA影响因素及路径分析。

结果

共纳入247例冠心病患者,其心脏焦虑问卷总分为(25.77±8.39)分,HFA检出率为33.2%(82例)。结构方程模型显示,积极应对、消极应对、社会支持、疾病感知对HFA产生直接影响,直接效应值分别为-0.226、0.275、-0.272、0.204(均P<0.01)。社会支持对HFA产生间接负向效应值为-0.187(95%CI:-0.302 ~ -0.096),占总效应的40.74%;疾病感知对HFA产生间接正向效应值为0.335(95%CI:0.242 ~ 0.385),占总效应的62.27%。

结论

冠心病患者HFA症状较为常见,医护人员可通过引导患者建立正确的疾病认知、采取积极的应对方式、主动寻求社会支持等措施降低患者的HFA水平。

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李佳敏(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床心血管护理

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龚开政,E-mail:
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Chinese General Practice Nursing, 2024, 22(2): 351-354.(In Chinese), articleTitle=The intermediary role of self-disclosure between social support and self-management in middle-aged and elderly patients with CHD, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322590009744544162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=21, pageStart=2850, pageEnd=2856, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=31, authorNames=龙珊, 刘兴德, 李甜甜, journalName=实用医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=龙珊,刘兴德,李甜甜,等. 冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后合并焦虑抑郁机制及治疗的研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志,2023,39(21):2850-2856., articleTitle=冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后合并焦虑抑郁机制及治疗的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322590009853596067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=21, pageStart=2850, pageEnd=2856, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=32, authorNames=Long S, Liu XD, Li TT, journalName=The Journal of Practical Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Long S, Liu XD, Li TT, et al. Mechanisms and treatments of post-PCI anxiety and depression of patients with coronary heart disease: A review of literature[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2023, 39(21): 2850-2856.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Mechanisms and treatments of post-PCI anxiety and depression of patients with coronary heart disease: A review of literature, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322590010155585956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=51, issue=7, pageStart=1284, pageEnd=1289, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=33, authorNames=张海鑫, 张一方, 芦萌, journalName=现代预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张海鑫,张一方,芦萌,等. 焦虑、认知功能对老年糖尿病患者自我管理行为影响的结构方程模型分析[J]. 现代预防医学,2024,51(7):1284-1289., articleTitle=焦虑、认知功能对老年糖尿病患者自我管理行为影响的结构方程模型分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322590010235277733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=51, issue=7, pageStart=1284, pageEnd=1289, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=34, authorNames=Zhang HX, Zhang YF, Lu M, journalName=Modern Preventive Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang HX, Zhang YF, Lu M, et al. Structural equation model analysis of the influence of anxiety and cognitive function on self-management behavior in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024, 51(7): 1284-1289.(In Chinese), articleTitle=Structural equation model analysis of the influence of anxiety and cognitive function on self-management behavior in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322590010570822054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=35, authorNames=Scherer KR, Costa M, Ricci-Bitti P, journalName=Frontiers in Psychology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Scherer KR, Costa M, Ricci-Bitti P, et al. Appraisal bias and emotion dispositions are risk factors for depression and generalized anxiety: empirical evidence[J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2022, 13:857419., articleTitle=Appraisal bias and emotion dispositions are risk factors for depression and generalized anxiety: empirical evidence, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322589996779950465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, awardId=JSDW202251, language=CN, fundingSource=江苏省医学重点学科建设单位(JSDW202251), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322589997182603650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, awardId=YZ2022171, language=CN, fundingSource=扬州市重大心血管疾病防治前沿创新重点实验室(YZ2022171), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322589971219861831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322589971236639048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, companyId=1322589971219861831, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of nursing and school of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322589971265999177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, companyId=1322589971219861831, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.扬州大学护理学院·公共卫生学院,江苏 扬州 225009)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322589972809503050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322589973254099275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, companyId=1322589972809503050, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.扬州大学附属医院心血管内科,江苏 扬州 225012)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322589991314772341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Model diagram of influencing factors of HFA in patients with CHD (standardized), figureFileSmall=7nwezIqrYhT9O0Z6rM7isw==, figureFileBig=laSAf6VmrwjVk1+L4nil7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322589991717425526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, language=CN, label=图1, caption=冠心病患者HFA影响因素的模型图(标准化)

注:图中e1、e2, e3、e4、e5、e6、e7为所对应测量误差项。

, figureFileSmall=7nwezIqrYhT9O0Z6rM7isw==, figureFileBig=laSAf6VmrwjVk1+L4nil7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322589993026048375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Scores of the cardiac anxiety questionnaire in patients with different characteristics of CHD (n=247)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数(%)心脏焦虑得分(分,)z/t值P值
性别男153(61.94)24.30±8.120.021a0.885
女94(38.06)28.16±8.30
年龄(岁)18~5964(25.91)22.94±8.708.169b<0.001
60~74121(48.99)25.71±7.96
≥7562(25.10)28.81±7.93
职业状态在职51(20.65)21.71±8.208.461b<0.001
离/退休95(38.46)26.25±8.28
待业/无业101(40.89)27.37±7.98
月收入(元)<3 00093(37.65)28.83±7.6615.695b<0.001
3 000~5 00076(30.77)25.88±8.17
>5 00078(31.58)22.01±7.80
婚姻状况已婚222(89.88)25.19±8.130.096a0.757
其他25(10.12)30.92±8.99
是否自费是14(5.67)26.79±8.610.084a0.772
否233(94.33)25.71±8.39
冠心病家族史有58(23.48)24.48±8.090.158a0.691
无189(76.52)26.16±8.46
高血压有165(66.80)25.60±8.190.793a0.374
无82(33.20)26.11±8.81
糖尿病有62(25.10)25.53±8.380.004a0.949
无185(74.90)25.85±8.41
既往PCI次数(次)无192(77.73)25.21±8.102.281b0.167
151(20.65)27.47±9.28
≥24(1.62)31.00±6.83
疾病分型稳定型心绞痛8(3.24)27.25±5.701.984*b0.167
不稳定型心绞痛211(85.42)26.01±8.68
心肌梗死28(11.34)23.54±6.33
本次治疗方式药物保守治疗163(66.00)26.16±8.161.537a0.216
介入联合药物治疗84(34.00)25.01±8.81
心绞痛发作频率无发作120(48.58)23.74±8.196.356b<0.001
≥1次/月46(18.62)27.11±7.93
≥1次/周64(25.91)27.06±8.64
≥1次/天17(6.88)31.59±5.75
患病年限(年)<1151(61.13)25.21±8.550.914b0.435
1~558(23.48)26.81±8.05
6~1019(7.69)25.05±6.58
>1019(7.69)27.74±9.59
), ArticleFig(id=1322589993458061688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征冠心病患者心脏焦虑问卷得分情况(n=247)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数(%)心脏焦虑得分(分,)z/t值P值
性别男153(61.94)24.30±8.120.021a0.885
女94(38.06)28.16±8.30
年龄(岁)18~5964(25.91)22.94±8.708.169b<0.001
60~74121(48.99)25.71±7.96
≥7562(25.10)28.81±7.93
职业状态在职51(20.65)21.71±8.208.461b<0.001
离/退休95(38.46)26.25±8.28
待业/无业101(40.89)27.37±7.98
月收入(元)<3 00093(37.65)28.83±7.6615.695b<0.001
3 000~5 00076(30.77)25.88±8.17
>5 00078(31.58)22.01±7.80
婚姻状况已婚222(89.88)25.19±8.130.096a0.757
其他25(10.12)30.92±8.99
是否自费是14(5.67)26.79±8.610.084a0.772
否233(94.33)25.71±8.39
冠心病家族史有58(23.48)24.48±8.090.158a0.691
无189(76.52)26.16±8.46
高血压有165(66.80)25.60±8.190.793a0.374
无82(33.20)26.11±8.81
糖尿病有62(25.10)25.53±8.380.004a0.949
无185(74.90)25.85±8.41
既往PCI次数(次)无192(77.73)25.21±8.102.281b0.167
151(20.65)27.47±9.28
≥24(1.62)31.00±6.83
疾病分型稳定型心绞痛8(3.24)27.25±5.701.984*b0.167
不稳定型心绞痛211(85.42)26.01±8.68
心肌梗死28(11.34)23.54±6.33
本次治疗方式药物保守治疗163(66.00)26.16±8.161.537a0.216
介入联合药物治疗84(34.00)25.01±8.81
心绞痛发作频率无发作120(48.58)23.74±8.196.356b<0.001
≥1次/月46(18.62)27.11±7.93
≥1次/周64(25.91)27.06±8.64
≥1次/天17(6.88)31.59±5.75
患病年限(年)<1151(61.13)25.21±8.550.914b0.435
1~558(23.48)26.81±8.05
6~1019(7.69)25.05±6.58
>1019(7.69)27.74±9.59
), ArticleFig(id=1322589993797800313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The total score of cardiac anxiety questionnaire and the scores of each dimension in patients with CHD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目得分(分,)条目均分(分,)
心脏焦虑问卷总分25.77±8.391.43±0.47
恐惧维度9.49±3.071.19±0.38
回避维度8.30±4.031.66±0.81
心脏注意力维度7.98±3.241.60±0.65
), ArticleFig(id=1322589994213036410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

冠心病患者心脏焦虑问卷总分及各维度得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目得分(分,)条目均分(分,)
心脏焦虑问卷总分25.77±8.391.43±0.47
恐惧维度9.49±3.071.19±0.38
回避维度8.30±4.031.66±0.81
心脏注意力维度7.98±3.241.60±0.65
), ArticleFig(id=1322589994603106683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis of HFA, coping style, disease perception and social support

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目相关系数
HFA积极应对消极应对疾病感知社会支持
HFA1.000————
积极应对-0.364*1.000———
消极应对0.370*-0.0501.000——
疾病感知0.420*-0.388*0.334*1.000—
社会支持-0.466*0.479*-0.342*-0.421*1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1322589994716352892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

HFA、应对方式、疾病感知、社会支持的相关分析(r值)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目相关系数
HFA积极应对消极应对疾病感知社会支持
HFA1.000————
积极应对-0.364*1.000———
消极应对0.370*-0.0501.000——
疾病感知0.420*-0.388*0.334*1.000—
社会支持-0.466*0.479*-0.342*-0.421*1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1322589995089645949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Structural equation model fit indexes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标CMIN/DFRMSEAAGFICFIIFINFI
参考标准<5.000<0.080>0.900>0.900>0.900>0.900
实测结果2.2300.0710.9190.9600.9530.918
), ArticleFig(id=1322589995492299134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

结构方程模型拟合度指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标CMIN/DFRMSEAAGFICFIIFINFI
参考标准<5.000<0.080>0.900>0.900>0.900>0.900
实测结果2.2300.0710.9190.9600.9530.918
), ArticleFig(id=1322589995962061183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effect size of each variable on HFA action path in CHD patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量直接效应间接效应总效应值(95%CI)
积极应对-0.226—-0.226(-0.376~-0.078)
消极应对0.275—0.275(0.130~0.422)
社会支持-0.272C→A→E:-0.097-0.459(-0.302~-0.096)
C→B→E:-0.090
疾病感知0.204D→A→E:0.0530.538(0.242~0.385)
D→B→E:0.064
D→C→E:0.129
D→C→A→E:0.046
D→C→B→E:0.043
), ArticleFig(id=1322589996347937152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322589956552380730, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

各变量对冠心病患者HFA作用路径的效应值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量直接效应间接效应总效应值(95%CI)
积极应对-0.226—-0.226(-0.376~-0.078)
消极应对0.275—0.275(0.130~0.422)
社会支持-0.272C→A→E:-0.097-0.459(-0.302~-0.096)
C→B→E:-0.090
疾病感知0.204D→A→E:0.0530.538(0.242~0.385)
D→B→E:0.064
D→C→E:0.129
D→C→A→E:0.046
D→C→B→E:0.043
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冠心病患者心因性焦虑现状及影响因素的路径分析
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李佳敏 1, 2 , 李岩 1 , 秦静雯 2 , 周思欣 1 , 龚开政 1, 2
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2025,52(1): 15-20
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现代预防医学 |流行病与统计方法 2025 , 52 (1) : 15 -20
冠心病患者心因性焦虑现状及影响因素的路径分析
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李佳敏1, 2, 李岩1, 秦静雯2, 周思欣1, 龚开政1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.扬州大学护理学院·公共卫生学院,江苏 扬州 225009
  • 2.扬州大学附属医院心血管内科,江苏 扬州 225012
通讯作者:
龚开政,E-mail:
作者简介:

李佳敏(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:临床心血管护理

Path analysis of the status and influencing factors of heart-focused anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease
Jia-min LI1, 2, Yan LI1, Jing-wen QIN2, Si-xin ZHOU1, Kai-zheng GONG1, 2
Affiliations
  • School of nursing and school of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
出版时间: 2025-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407264
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目的

了解冠心病患者心因性焦虑(heart-focused anxiety, HFA)现状,构建基于应激作用过程理论的结构方程模型,分析HFA的影响因素及各变量间的相关性。

方法

采用便利抽样法选取2023年12月—2024年6月于扬州大学附属医院心内科就诊的247例冠心病患者进行问卷调查。采用结构方程模型探讨冠心病患者HFA影响因素及路径分析。

结果

共纳入247例冠心病患者,其心脏焦虑问卷总分为(25.77±8.39)分,HFA检出率为33.2%(82例)。结构方程模型显示,积极应对、消极应对、社会支持、疾病感知对HFA产生直接影响,直接效应值分别为-0.226、0.275、-0.272、0.204(均P<0.01)。社会支持对HFA产生间接负向效应值为-0.187(95%CI:-0.302 ~ -0.096),占总效应的40.74%;疾病感知对HFA产生间接正向效应值为0.335(95%CI:0.242 ~ 0.385),占总效应的62.27%。

结论

冠心病患者HFA症状较为常见,医护人员可通过引导患者建立正确的疾病认知、采取积极的应对方式、主动寻求社会支持等措施降低患者的HFA水平。

冠心病  /  心因性焦虑  /  影响因素  /  结构方程模型
Objective

To understand the status of heart-focused anxiety (HFA) in patients with coronary heart disease and to construct a structural equation model based on the theory of stress processes to analyze the influencing factors and correlations among various variables.

Methods

A convenience sampling method was used to select 247 patients with coronary heart disease who visited the Department of Cardiology at the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from December 2023 to June 2024 for a questionnaire survey. A structural equation model was employed to investigate the influencing factors and path analysis of HFA in these patients.

Results

A total of 247 patients with coronary heart disease were included, with a mean score of (25.77±8.39) on the heart anxiety questionnaire, and the HFA detection rate was 33.2% (82 cases). The structural equation model indicated that positive coping, negative coping, social support, and disease perception had direct effects on HFA, with effect values of -0.226, 0.275, -0.272, and 0.204, respectively (all P < 0.01). Social support had an indirect negative effect value on HFA of-0.187 (95%CI: -0.302 to -0.096), accounting for 40.74% of the total effect. The disease perception had an indirect positive effect value on HFA of 0.335 (95%CI: 0.242 to 0.385), accounting for 62.27% of the total effect.

Conclusion

HFA symptoms are relatively common in patients with coronary heart disease. Healthcare professionals can reduce the level of HFA in patients by guiding them to establish correct disease cognition, adopt positive coping strategies, and actively seek social support.

Coronary heart disease  /  Heart-focused anxiety  /  Influencing factors  /  Structural equation model
李佳敏, 李岩, 秦静雯, 周思欣, 龚开政. 冠心病患者心因性焦虑现状及影响因素的路径分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (1) : 15 -20 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407264
Jia-min LI, Yan LI, Jing-wen QIN, Si-xin ZHOU, Kai-zheng GONG. Path analysis of the status and influencing factors of heart-focused anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (1) : 15 -20 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407264
据统计,我国冠心病患者约1 139万人,发病人数持续增加,给社会带来沉重疾病负担[1]。随着“双心医学”概念的提出,人们愈发关注心血管疾病患者康复过程中的心理状态[2]。心因性焦虑(heart-focused anxiety, HFA)是与心脏相关刺激和症状引发的一种特定焦虑模式,其特征是心脏特异性恐惧、回避行为和过度监测心脏症状[3]。研究显示HFA在心脏病患者中发生率约为32.8%~48.6%[4-5],不利于心脏康复行为的有效实施,导致生活质量降低甚至心血管不良事件的发生[6]。目前,我国冠心病患者HFA的发生率以及影响因素尚不清楚。应激作用过程理论认为,个体在应激源影响下通过认知、应对、社会支持等多个因素的中介作用,最终表现出相关生理心理反应[7]。对于冠心病患者而言,疾病本身所致的心悸、胸闷或心绞痛发作等不适症状是常见的应激源,可能通过疾病认知、应对方式和社会支持等影响下,产生不同程度的HFA症状。因此,本研究基于应激作用过程理论模型,探讨冠心病患者HFA影响因素,并使用结构方程模型的统计学方法明确各因素之间的作用路径,为制订降低HFA的干预方案提供依据。
采用便利抽样法,选取2023年12月—2024年6月在扬州大学附属医院心内科住院的247例冠心病患者为研究对象。纳入标准:(1)符合冠心病诊断标准[8];(2)年龄≥18岁;(3)能正常进行沟通;(4)知情同意并自愿参加本研究。排除标准:(1)病情不稳定难以完成调查;(2)既往有精神疾病史或认知障碍;(3)诊断冠心病前患有焦虑抑郁等情绪障碍。本研究已通过扬州大学护理学院·公共卫生学院伦理委员会批准(YZUHL20230051)。
(1)一般资料调查表 包括性别、年龄、职业状态等社会人口学资料和高血压患病情况、糖尿病患病情况、经皮冠状动脉介入次数等疾病相关资料。
(2)心脏焦虑问卷(cardiac anxiety questionnaire)由Eifert等[9]编制,共18个条目,包括恐惧、回避行为、心脏注意力共三个维度。根据Likert 5级评分法计算得分,0代表“从不”,4代表“总是”,总分72分。将总分≥30分判定为HFA阳性症状,得分越高代表患者HFA水平越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.830。
(3)简易应对方式问卷(simple coping style questionnaire)由解亚宁等[10]编制,包括积极应对、消极应对两个分量表。根据Likert 4级评分法计算量表得分,0代表“不采取”,4代表“经常采用”,各量表计分方式为分量表总分/条目数。本研究中各分量表的Cronbach α系数为0.724、0.732。
(4)领悟社会支持量表(perceived social support scale)由姜乾金等[7]翻译修订中文版,共12个条目,包括家庭支持、朋友支持、其他支持共三个维度。根据Likert 7级评分法计算量表得分,1代表“极不同意”,7代表“极同意”,总分84分。得分越高表示患者领悟或感知到的社会支持水平越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.891。
(5)简易疾病感知问卷(brief illness perception questionnaire)由梅雅琪等[11]翻译修订中文版,共9个条目,采用0~10级评分法,条目9为开放性问题不计分,条目3、4、7反向计分,总分80分。分数越高表示患者对疾病的负面认知越严重。本研究中该量表的Cronbach α系数为0.895。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计数资料使用频数(百分比)描述,符合正态分布的计量资料使用(均数±标准差)描述。采用t检验、单因素方差分析比较不同特征患者心脏焦虑问卷得分差异。采用Pearson偏相关分析探讨心因性焦虑与疾病感知、积极应对、消极应对和社会支持之间的关系。Amos 28.0软件建立模型路径分析,使用最大似然法进行参数估计,Bias-Corrected Bootstrap法检验路径效应,抽样次数设置5 000次,分析各变量对HFA的作用路径。检验水准α=0.05。
本次共发放问卷262份,剔除漏填题目过多、连续选择同一选项等无效问卷15份,最终纳入问卷247份,有效率为94.27%。247例冠心病患者中,男性153人(61.94%),女性94人(38.06%),见表1。单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、职业状态、月收入和心绞痛次数的冠心病患者在心脏焦虑问卷得分上的差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。
本研究结果显示,冠心病患者心脏焦虑问卷总分为(25.77±8.39)分,各维度得分及条目均分见表2。心脏焦虑问卷总分≥30分患者82例,HFA阳性检出率为33.2%。积极应对得分为(1.43±0.28)分,消极应对得分为(1.25±0.42)分,疾病感知得分为(42.62±10.50)分,社会支持得分为(47.47±11.35)分。
Pearson偏相关性分析结果显示,在控制年龄、职业状态、月收入和心绞痛次数后,HFA与消极应对、疾病感知得分呈正相关(P<0.01),与积极应对、社会支持得分呈负相关(P<0.01),见表3。
本研究基于应激作用过程理论和文献回顾,将疾病感知和单因素分析中差异具有统计学意义的变量作为外生潜变量;积极应对、消极应对、社会支持、HFA为内生潜变量;心脏焦虑问卷各维度为显变量,构建冠心病患者HFA影响因素的结构方程模型。原始模型显示职业状态和月收入对冠心病患者HFA的作用不显著(P>0.05),删除不显著的路径并不断修正后,经检验最终模型各路径系数均具有统计学意义(P<0.01),见图1。根据拟合度参数,提示模型拟合良好,见表4。
根据结构方程模型,积极应对方式对冠心病患者HFA存在直接负向效应(β=-0.226,P<0.01),消极应对方式对患者HFA存在直接正向效应(β=0.275,P<0.01),社会支持对HFA存在直接(β=-0.272,P<0.01)和间接负向效应,疾病感知对HFA存在直接(β=0.204,P<0.01)和间接正向效应,社会支持、疾病感知对HFA的中介效应显著(95%CI不包含0),各变量对冠心病患者HFA作用路径的效应值见表5。
本研究显示247例冠心病患者心脏焦虑问卷得分为(25.77±8.39)分,33.2%患者存在HFA症状,与国外冠心病患者HFA检出率(32.8%)一致[4]。冠心病患者心脏焦虑问卷得分低于在急性冠脉综合征和心肌梗死患者中的调查结果,其问卷得分分别为(33.20±8.19)和(31.23±4.03)分[12-13]。与稳定型冠心病相比,心肌梗死急性发作时患者疼痛剧烈、持续时间长,常规的休息及含服硝酸甘油不能缓解症状,且伴有濒死感,这一疾病体验大大加重患者的HFA水平[14-15]。本研究虽对不同类型冠心病患者的心因性焦虑水平进行比较,但并未发现显著性差异,可能与样本数量的分布不均匀有关。
根据结构方程模型可知,疾病感知对HFA存在直接正向效应,也可发挥间接正向效应,疾病感知对HFA影响最大,总效应系数为0.538。疾病感知反映了患者的疾病知识和信念,患者对于疾病感受到的负面认知越多,其HFA水平越高[16]。本研究以应激作用过程理论为指导,识别出最主要的影响路径为:疾病感知→社会支持→HFA。此外,消极与积极应对方式在疾病感知与HFA之间发挥中介效应,自我调节常识模型指出患者对疾病形成初步认知后做出应对策略,管理疾病并调节负性情绪[17]。医护人员可帮助患者建立正确的疾病认知,引导患者采取积极的应对方式,主动获取外部支持来降低HFA水平。
社会支持对HFA存在直接负向效应,直接效应系数为-0.272,社会支持可以缓冲应激事件带来的心理压力,来自家人朋友的鼓励与陪伴能给予患者情感慰藉和现实帮助,增强患者应对压力的信心和能力[18-19]。此外,社会支持通过积极应对、消极应对方式对HFA产生间接负向效应。良好的社会支持能促进冠心病患者的自我管理行为,患者会倾向于采取积极的应对方式,有益于自身情感认知水平重建[20]。提示医护人员鼓励以家庭和社区支持为主,建立患者交流平台和提供医护随访支持等多种措施强化患者社会支持网络。
本研究发现消极应对方式对HFA产生的直接效应最大,其效应系数为0.275。冠心病作为一种复发率高、致死率高且需终生服药的疾病,给患者带来沉重的心理及经济负担,易导致患者产生负性评价及消极应对方式[21],其中焦虑等负性情绪不利于患者进行积极的自我管理行为,进而影响健康结局[22]。然而,积极应对方式对HFA产生负向效应,情绪评价理论指出个体采取积极的评价和行为应对策略,可促进个体进行良性心理调整,减少压力和焦虑,不断强化正性心理[23]。提示医护人员应通过健康教育等多种干预措施引导患者进行积极自我管理行为,减少消极倦怠心态发生。
综上所述,本研究揭示了疾病感知在HFA中发挥的重要作用,提供外部支持和引导患者积极应对能有效降低HFA水平。未来应加强对冠心病患者HFA症状的筛查和识别,并及时进行干预,以改善健康结局。本研究存在局限性:(1)由于时间、资源和样本量的限制,本研究纳入的研究对象缺乏一定代表性,后续仍需进行更大样本量及多中心的研究来完善结果;(2)HFA作为一种心理状态,其水平是动态变化的,采用横断面的调查方式并没有捕捉到变化轨迹,因此将对冠心病患者HFA水平进行持续追踪,在未来的研究中探讨。
  • 江苏省医学重点学科建设单位(JSDW202251)
  • 扬州市重大心血管疾病防治前沿创新重点实验室(YZ2022171)
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2025年第52卷第1期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202407264
  • 接收时间:2024-07-16
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2025-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-16
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江苏省医学重点学科建设单位(JSDW202251)
扬州市重大心血管疾病防治前沿创新重点实验室(YZ2022171)
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    1.扬州大学护理学院·公共卫生学院,江苏 扬州 225009
    2.扬州大学附属医院心血管内科,江苏 扬州 225012

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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