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Article(id=1322590141194031279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406244, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718294400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793259662197, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1736438400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793259662197, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793259662197, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793259662197, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322589954702688372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2025', volume='52', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736438400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793259617734, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793260023378, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322591656147276425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322591656147276426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1322589954702688372, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=82, endPage=85, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322590141823176880, articleId=1322590141194031279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analysis of the relationship between children's Internet usage duration and feelings of loneliness and depression, columnId=1322590037062038059, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternaland Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between the duration of children’s internet usage and feelings of loneliness and depression.

Methods

From March to June 2023, a stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select students in grades three to six from a primary school in Handan. Data were collected using a basic information questionnaire, the Children’s Loneliness Scale (CLS), the Children′s Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRSC), and an internet usage duration questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software, employing frequency and percentage methods to describe the basic characteristics of the entire sample. Comparative analysis of the data was performed using t-tests and χ2 tests, while multifactorial logistic regression analysis and correlation analysis were used for further data examination.

Results

A total of 597 subjects were included in the study. The results indicated that, compared to children without feelings of loneliness, those with loneliness spent significantly more time on overall internet usage, watching television/listening to music, and playing games, while spending less time chatting (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that children in the high total internet usage duration group had a higher risk of loneliness compared to the low duration group (OR=4.61, 95%CI: 1.19-6.50, P=0.028). Furthermore, children in the high gaming duration group also exhibited a higher risk of loneliness (OR= 1.29, 95%CI: 1.09-1.91, P=0.032). Additionally, the high gaming duration group showed a greater risk of depression compared to the low duration group (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.06-1.95, P=0.032). In contrast, children in the high study duration group had a lower risk of depression compared to the low duration group (OR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.14-0.95, P=0.042).

Conclusion

There is a positive correlation between the total duration of internet usage and gaming duration with the risk of loneliness in children, and longer gaming time is associated with a higher incidence of depression.

, authors=Shu-feng WANG1, Xin HUANG1, Jing JIANG1, Xue-ying GAO1, Ying-ying LIAN1, Zhi-hong QIN2, authorsList=Shu-feng WANG, Xin HUANG, Jing JIANG, Xue-ying GAO, Ying-ying LIAN, Zhi-hong QIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhi-hong QIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322590144427839673, articleId=1322590141194031279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=儿童使用网络时长与孤独感及抑郁的关联性分析, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨儿童使用网络时长与孤独感、抑郁之间的关系。

方法

于2023年3—6月采用分层整群抽样方法在邯郸市某小学抽取三～六年级的在校学生，采用基本信息调查表、儿童孤独量表(CLS)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)、使用网络时长调查表进行调查。使用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析，采用频数、百分比等方法描述全部样本的基本情况。采用t检验、χ2检验对资料进行比较分析，采用多因素logistic回归分析和相关分析对资料进行分析。

结果

共纳入597名研究对象，结果显示，相对于无孤独感的儿童，有孤独感的儿童使用网络总时长、看电视/听音乐和玩游戏的时长更长，聊天的时间更短（P<0.05）；logtistic回归分析结果显示，相对于使用网络总时长低分组而言，高分组儿童孤独感的风险更高（OR=4.61，95%CI:1.19～6.50，P=0.028）；相对于玩游戏时长低分组而言，高分组儿童孤独感的风险更高（OR=1.29，95%CI:1.09～1.91，P=0.032）。相对于玩游戏时长低分组而言，高分组儿童抑郁的风险更高（OR=1.23，95%CI:1.06～1.95，P=0.032）；相对于学习时长低分组而言，中分组儿童抑郁的风险更低（OR=0.38，95%CI:0.14～0.95，P= 0.042）。

结论

使用网络总时长和玩游戏时长与儿童孤独的风险呈正相关；玩游戏时间越长，发生抑郁的时长越高。

, authors=王淑凤1, 黄鑫1, 江静1, 高学英1, 连莹莹1, 秦智红2, authorsList=王淑凤, 黄鑫, 江静, 高学英, 连莹莹, 秦智红, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=秦智红, authorNote=

王淑凤（1974—），女，本科，主管医师，研究方向：儿少卫生

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秦智红，E-mail:
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Behavioral Science, 2015, 5(4): 341-352., articleTitle=The Internet process addiction test:screening for addictions to processes facilitated by the Internet, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322590150408917227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590141194031279, awardId=20171114, language=CN, fundingSource=河北省医学会项目(20171114), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322590144905990330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590141194031279, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322590144910184635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590141194031279, companyId=1322590144905990330, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Handan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Handan, Hebei 056008, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322590144918573244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590141194031279, companyId=1322590144905990330, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.邯郸市疾病预防控制中心（邯郸市卫生监督所），河北 邯郸 056008)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322590144985682109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590141194031279, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322590144994070718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590141194031279, companyId=1322590144985682109, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.邯郸市第一医院，河北 邯郸 056000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322590149624582373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590141194031279, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Demographic characteristics and Internet usage of 597 research subjects ［（），n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人数
年龄(岁）10.26±1.07
年级3115(19.3)
4139(23.3)
5168(28.1)
6175(29.3)
性别男303(50.8)
女294(49.2)
居住地农村128(21.4)
城市469(78.6)
父母最高学历小学及以下25(4.2)
初中和高中115(19.3)
专科和本科446(74.7)
研究生及以上11(1.8)
网络使用总时长（h）5.02±1.53
看视频/听音乐时长（h）1.07±0.59
聊天时长（h）0.67±0.40
玩游戏时长（h）2.00±1.14
学习时长（h）1.27±0.71
), ArticleFig(id=1322590149792354534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590141194031279, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

597名研究对象人口学特征和网络使用情况［（），n（%）］

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征人数
年龄(岁）10.26±1.07
年级3115(19.3)
4139(23.3)
5168(28.1)
6175(29.3)
性别男303(50.8)
女294(49.2)
居住地农村128(21.4)
城市469(78.6)
父母最高学历小学及以下25(4.2)
初中和高中115(19.3)
专科和本科446(74.7)
研究生及以上11(1.8)
网络使用总时长（h）5.02±1.53
看视频/听音乐时长（h）1.07±0.59
聊天时长（h）0.67±0.40
玩游戏时长（h）2.00±1.14
学习时长（h）1.27±0.71
), ArticleFig(id=1322590149876240615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590141194031279, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of Internet usage duration between children with and without feelings of loneliness and depression（）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征孤独感P值抑郁P值
无(n=530)有(n=67)否(n=552)是(n=45)
网络使用总时长（h）4.95±1.705.02±1.510.0015.00±1.535.12±1.550.550
看视频/听音乐时长（h）1.07±0.591.11±0.610.0031.06±0.601.16±0.550.204
聊天时长（h）0.67±0.400.51±0.39<0.0010.67±0.410.46±0.380.003
玩游戏时长（h）1.71±0.841.92±1.100.0202.00±1.142.32±1.17<0.001
学习时长（h）1.28±0.711.20±0.770.4711.27±0.711.30±0.720.700
), ArticleFig(id=1322590149947543784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590141194031279, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

有无孤独感和抑郁儿童网络使用时长情况对比（）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征孤独感P值抑郁P值
无(n=530)有(n=67)否(n=552)是(n=45)
网络使用总时长（h）4.95±1.705.02±1.510.0015.00±1.535.12±1.550.550
看视频/听音乐时长（h）1.07±0.591.11±0.610.0031.06±0.601.16±0.550.204
聊天时长（h）0.67±0.400.51±0.39<0.0010.67±0.410.46±0.380.003
玩游戏时长（h）1.71±0.841.92±1.100.0202.00±1.142.32±1.17<0.001
学习时长（h）1.28±0.711.20±0.770.4711.27±0.711.30±0.720.700
), ArticleFig(id=1322590150203396329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1322590141194031279, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The multi-variate logistic regression analysis on depression and loneliness

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征孤独感
OR值（95%CI）		P值抑郁
OR值（95%CI）		P值
网络使用总时间分类
低——
中2.15(0.84～5.66)0.1160.89(0.28～2.83)0.845
高4.61(1.19～6.50)0.0283.52(0.73～17.7)0.125
看视频/听音乐时长分类
低——
中1.11(0.53～2.33)0.8451.16(0.49～2.83)0.721
高1.00(0.44～2.26)>0.90.92(0.33～2.50)0.934
聊天时长分类
低——
中1.25(0.63～2.48)0.5651.36(0.58～3.29)0.557
高0.85(0.63～2.48)0.7830.93(0.35～2.45)0.912
玩游戏时长分类
低——
中0.45(0.19～1.02)0.0590.78(0.29～2.07)0.647
高1.29(0.19～1.02)0.0361.23(1.06～1.95)0.044
学习时长分类
低——
中0.65(0.32～1.33)0.2260.38(0.14～0.95)0.042
高0.44(0.18～1.02)0.0570.46(0.16～1.28)0.142
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是否有孤独感和抑郁多因素logtistic回归分析

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特征孤独感
OR值（95%CI）		P值抑郁
OR值（95%CI）		P值
网络使用总时间分类
低——
中2.15(0.84～5.66)0.1160.89(0.28～2.83)0.845
高4.61(1.19～6.50)0.0283.52(0.73～17.7)0.125
看视频/听音乐时长分类
低——
中1.11(0.53～2.33)0.8451.16(0.49～2.83)0.721
高1.00(0.44～2.26)>0.90.92(0.33～2.50)0.934
聊天时长分类
低——
中1.25(0.63～2.48)0.5651.36(0.58～3.29)0.557
高0.85(0.63～2.48)0.7830.93(0.35～2.45)0.912
玩游戏时长分类
低——
中0.45(0.19～1.02)0.0590.78(0.29～2.07)0.647
高1.29(0.19～1.02)0.0361.23(1.06～1.95)0.044
学习时长分类
低——
中0.65(0.32～1.33)0.2260.38(0.14～0.95)0.042
高0.44(0.18～1.02)0.0570.46(0.16～1.28)0.142
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儿童使用网络时长与孤独感及抑郁的关联性分析
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王淑凤 1 , 黄鑫 1 , 江静 1 , 高学英 1 , 连莹莹 1 , 秦智红 2
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025,52(1): 82-85
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2025 , 52 (1) : 82 -85
儿童使用网络时长与孤独感及抑郁的关联性分析
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王淑凤1, 黄鑫1, 江静1, 高学英1, 连莹莹1, 秦智红2
作者信息
  • 1.邯郸市疾病预防控制中心（邯郸市卫生监督所），河北 邯郸 056008
  • 2.邯郸市第一医院，河北 邯郸 056000
通讯作者:
秦智红，E-mail:
作者简介:

王淑凤（1974—），女，本科，主管医师，研究方向：儿少卫生

Analysis of the relationship between children's Internet usage duration and feelings of loneliness and depression
Shu-feng WANG1, Xin HUANG1, Jing JIANG1, Xue-ying GAO1, Ying-ying LIAN1, Zhi-hong QIN2
Affiliations
  • Handan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Handan, Hebei 056008, China
出版时间: 2025-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406244
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摘要
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目的

探讨儿童使用网络时长与孤独感、抑郁之间的关系。

方法

于2023年3—6月采用分层整群抽样方法在邯郸市某小学抽取三～六年级的在校学生，采用基本信息调查表、儿童孤独量表(CLS)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)、使用网络时长调查表进行调查。使用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析，采用频数、百分比等方法描述全部样本的基本情况。采用t检验、χ2检验对资料进行比较分析，采用多因素logistic回归分析和相关分析对资料进行分析。

结果

共纳入597名研究对象，结果显示，相对于无孤独感的儿童，有孤独感的儿童使用网络总时长、看电视/听音乐和玩游戏的时长更长，聊天的时间更短（P<0.05）；logtistic回归分析结果显示，相对于使用网络总时长低分组而言，高分组儿童孤独感的风险更高（OR=4.61，95%CI:1.19～6.50，P=0.028）；相对于玩游戏时长低分组而言，高分组儿童孤独感的风险更高（OR=1.29，95%CI:1.09～1.91，P=0.032）。相对于玩游戏时长低分组而言，高分组儿童抑郁的风险更高（OR=1.23，95%CI:1.06～1.95，P=0.032）；相对于学习时长低分组而言，中分组儿童抑郁的风险更低（OR=0.38，95%CI:0.14～0.95，P= 0.042）。

结论

使用网络总时长和玩游戏时长与儿童孤独的风险呈正相关；玩游戏时间越长，发生抑郁的时长越高。

儿童  /  网络  /  心理健康  /  相关性
Objective

To explore the relationship between the duration of children’s internet usage and feelings of loneliness and depression.

Methods

From March to June 2023, a stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select students in grades three to six from a primary school in Handan. Data were collected using a basic information questionnaire, the Children’s Loneliness Scale (CLS), the Children′s Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRSC), and an internet usage duration questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software, employing frequency and percentage methods to describe the basic characteristics of the entire sample. Comparative analysis of the data was performed using t-tests and χ2 tests, while multifactorial logistic regression analysis and correlation analysis were used for further data examination.

Results

A total of 597 subjects were included in the study. The results indicated that, compared to children without feelings of loneliness, those with loneliness spent significantly more time on overall internet usage, watching television/listening to music, and playing games, while spending less time chatting (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that children in the high total internet usage duration group had a higher risk of loneliness compared to the low duration group (OR=4.61, 95%CI: 1.19-6.50, P=0.028). Furthermore, children in the high gaming duration group also exhibited a higher risk of loneliness (OR= 1.29, 95%CI: 1.09-1.91, P=0.032). Additionally, the high gaming duration group showed a greater risk of depression compared to the low duration group (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.06-1.95, P=0.032). In contrast, children in the high study duration group had a lower risk of depression compared to the low duration group (OR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.14-0.95, P=0.042).

Conclusion

There is a positive correlation between the total duration of internet usage and gaming duration with the risk of loneliness in children, and longer gaming time is associated with a higher incidence of depression.

Children  /  Internet  /  Mental health  /  Correlation
王淑凤, 黄鑫, 江静, 高学英, 连莹莹, 秦智红. 儿童使用网络时长与孤独感及抑郁的关联性分析. 现代预防医学, 2025 , 52 (1) : 82 -85 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406244
Shu-feng WANG, Xin HUANG, Jing JIANG, Xue-ying GAO, Ying-ying LIAN, Zhi-hong QIN. Analysis of the relationship between children's Internet usage duration and feelings of loneliness and depression[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2025 , 52 (1) : 82 -85 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406244
正文
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在当今数字化时代，儿童使用互联网的时间持续增加[1]，这引发了对他们心理健康影响的担忧。随着儿童接触互联网的年龄日趋年幼化，他们在网络上的行为和体验可能对其心理健康产生重要影响[2]。研究表明，过度使用互联网可能导致儿童出现孤独、焦虑、抑郁、注意力不集中等心理健康问题[3-5]。然而，对于儿童使用网络时长与心理健康之间确切关联的理解仍存在争议和不确定性。
本论文旨在深入探讨儿童使用网络时长与心理健康之间的关联性，并分析其中的复杂因素。我们将尝试回答以下问题：长时间使用互联网是否与儿童心理健康问题的发生率增加相关，不同类型的网络内容和互联网活动对儿童心理健康有何影响。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
于2023年3—6月采用分层随机抽样方法，在邯郸市某小学抽取三～六年级的在校学生613名。按年级进行分层，在每个年级里随机选取3个班级的全部学生进行调查。发放问卷613份，回收有效问卷597份，有效问卷回收率为97.3%。参与对象均知情同意。本研究已通过邯郸市疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会批准（2024-LW-01）。
1.2　研究方法
1.2.1　调查工具
（1）基本情况调查表:包括年级、性别、年龄、居住地、父母学历等。
（2）儿童孤独量表(children's loneliness scale，CLS)：该量表主要用于评定三～六年级儿童的孤独感与社会适应程度[6]。量表共24个条目，包括16个基本条目和8个补充条目。16个条目是对孤独感、社会适应与不适应感以及自己在同伴中地位的主观评价，其中10条用语指向孤独，6条指向非孤独；另8个补充条目主要询问一些课余爱好和活动偏好，目的是为使儿童在说明对其他问题的态度时更坦诚和放松。量表回答分5级评分，从“始终如此”到“一点都没有”依次分值为1～5分，其中10个条目反向计分，依次为5～1分，8个插入题条目不计分。量表总分范围为16～80分，≥46分者被评定为存在孤独感，得分越高提示孤独感越强烈[7]。
（3）儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(depression self-rating scale for children，DSRSC)：此表是由Birleson根据Feighnel成人抑郁症诊断标准制定而成，并由我国长沙苏林雁在国内进行标准化，应用于评价躯体疾病患儿的情绪问题。该量表信度和效度均达到心理测量学要求，具有良好的信度和效度。适用于8～13岁的儿童对于自己抑郁症状的自评。该量表共有18个条目，条目数量少，内容相对简单易于评估，对儿童来说容易理解。0代表没有，1代表有时有，2代表经常有。得分高提示存在抑郁状态，心理状况越不理想，反之，所获分值越低，提示心理状况越理想；其中第1、2、4、7、8、9、11、12、13、16项为反向记分，即2代表没有，1代表有时有，0代表经常有。量表总分范围为0～36分，以总分≥15分为分界，即≥15分提示有抑郁障碍的可能性[8]。
（4）使用网络时长调查表：内容为近一周内平均每天使用网络时长，包含使用网络总时长、使用网络看视频/听音乐时长、聊天时长、玩游戏时长、学习时长五个方面。
1.2.2　调查方法
测验以班级为单位，采取团体测验的方式调查前与目标学校取得联系，取得校方的支持与配合。然后由专业经过培训的调查员进入班级，进行自评问卷的现场调查，宣读指导语，确定儿童理解后开始测评，对年龄较小无法独立完成问卷或自评问卷的学生，由现场经统一培训的调查员，辅助学生作答。问题的测评时间约40 min，结束后提醒儿童认真复核检查无漏项后由调查员统一回收并再次核查。
1.3　统计方法
问卷回收后用使用Epidata 3.1建立数据库，采取双人同时录入的方法，再对全部问卷数据进行复核，避免错漏。使用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析，采用频数、百分比等方法描述全部样本的基本情况。采用t检验、χ2检验对资料进行比较分析，采用多因素logistic回归分析和相关分析对资料进行分析。所有统计学检验均采用双侧检验，检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　一般情况
本研究共纳入597名研究对象，平均年龄为（10.26±1.07）岁。其中男性303人，女性294人。128人居住在农村，469人居住在城市。平均使用网络总时长为（5.02±1.53）h；看视频/听音乐、聊天、玩游戏和学习使用网络的平均时长分别为（1.07±0.59）、（0.67±0.40）、（2.00±1.14）和（1.27±0.71）h。见表1。
2.2　儿童孤独和抑郁情况与网络时长关联的单因素分析
597名研究对象CLS的平均分为（36.2±11.13）分。测评结果显示有67名儿童存在孤独感。相对于无孤独感的儿童，有孤独感的儿童使用网络总时长、看电视/听音乐和玩游戏的时长更长，聊天的时间更短。（P<0.05）。597名研究对象CLS的平均分为（12.2±3.7）分。测评结果显示有45名儿童存在抑郁情况。相对于有抑郁的儿童，有孤独感的儿童使用网络聊天的时间更短，玩游戏的时间更长（P<0.05）。见表2。
2.3　儿童孤独和抑郁情况与网络时长关联的多因素分析
补充自变量和应变量赋值。将使用网络时长按三分位数划分为高、中、低三个水平，纳入性别、年级、居住地、父母最高学历，将是否有孤独感作为因变量进行多因素二元logtistic回归分析，结果显示，相对于网络使用总时长低分组而言，高分组儿童孤独感的风险更高(OR=4.61，95%CI:1.19～6.50)；相对于玩游戏时长低分组而言，高分组儿童孤独感的风险更高(OR=1.29，95%CI:1.09～1.91)。
将是否有抑郁为因变量进行多因素二元logtistic回归分析，结果显示，相对于玩游戏时长低分组而言，高分组儿童抑郁的风险更高(OR=1.23，95%CI:1.06～1.95)；相对于学习时长低分组而言，中分组儿童抑郁的风险更低(OR=0.38，95%CI:0.14～0.95)。见表3。
3　讨论
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本研究结果表明，网络使用尤其是玩游戏时长与儿童孤独感、抑郁的风险存在正相关。这可能是因为过度使用网络导致儿童缺乏面对面的交流和社交活动，从而增加了孤独感的风险[9]。有研究结果表明，网络使用情况，尤其是玩游戏的时长，与儿童孤独感和抑郁的风险存在着紧密且显著的正相关联系[10]。这种关联的形成或许有着错综复杂的原因。过度投入网络世界会致使儿童错失大量面对面交流以及参与真实社交活动的宝贵机会。在虚拟的网络环境中，他们难以真切地感受到人与人之间细腻的情感互动和相互支持，这无疑极大地增高了产生孤独感的可能性[11]。同时，玩游戏时长的增加也与抑郁的风险增加有关，这可能是因为因为网络游戏里常常充斥着激烈的竞争氛围和沉重的压力。儿童身处这样的环境中，容易滋生出焦虑、挫败等一系列负面情绪。倘若长期沉浸其中，这些负面情绪便可能慢慢累积、发酵，最终演变成抑郁问题[12]。而学习时长的增加则与抑郁的风险降低有关，这可能是因为学习有助于提高儿童的自我价值感和成就感。抑郁者往往对自己的社交能力抱有负面看法，从而鼓励他们在网上寻求社交活动，因为这些活动可能“更容易”实现，因为它们允许通过匿名增加自我展示的灵活性[13-14]。有研究认为，互联网使用，尤其是在线游戏，提供了必要的即时奖励、快速反应率和大量的活动来避免无聊，因此对抑郁和孤独患者具有很高的吸引力。此外，自我控制能力差和冲动性强也会增加发生心理障碍风险[15]。
此外，本研究儿童平均使用网络时长高达5 h，相比既往的研究时长要长[16]。而过度使用网络而导致的一系列心理、社会和身体健康问题。对于儿童来说，过度使用网络可能会影响其正常的社交和学业发展，增加孤独感和抑郁的风险[17]。因此，我们需要加强对儿童的网络使用监管，引导他们合理使用网络，避免过度沉迷于网络世界。
本研究也存在一定的局限性。首先，样本量相对较小，可能影响结果的准确性。其次，研究仅采用了问卷调查的方式，缺乏更为客观的评估方法。未来研究可以考虑扩大样本量，采用更为严谨的研究设计和方法，以更准确地探讨网络使用与儿童心理健康的关系。最后，本研究的结果也提示我们，家庭、学校和社会应该共同努力，为儿童创造一个健康、安全、积极向上的成长环境。家庭应该给予儿童足够的关爱和支持，帮助其建立健康的生活方式和价值观；学校应该注重学生的心理健康教育，提供多样化的课外活动和社交机会；社会应该加强网络监管和法律制度建设，为儿童提供一个安全、健康的网络环境。同时，本研究的结果也为儿童教育和辅导提供了新的思路。通过了解儿童的网络使用行为和心理需求，教育者和辅导者可以更有针对性地开展教育和辅导工作，提高工作的效果和效率。例如，可以引导儿童合理使用网络，培养其信息素养和批判性思维，增强其对网络信息的辨别能力和免疫力；也可以鼓励儿童参加多样化的课外活动和社交机会，提高其社交技能和人际交往能力。
本研究发现使用网络时长的总时间和玩游戏时长与儿童孤独的风险呈正相关；玩游戏时间越长，发生抑郁的时长越高。同时建议我们应该引导儿童合理的使用网络和控制使用网络时长。
基金
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  • 河北省医学会项目(20171114)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202406244
  • 接收时间：2024-06-14
  • 首发时间：2026-10-29
  • 出版时间：2025-01-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-06-14
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河北省医学会项目(20171114)
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    1.邯郸市疾病预防控制中心（邯郸市卫生监督所），河北 邯郸 056008
    2.邯郸市第一医院，河北 邯郸 056000

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