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Article(id=1240375273753989505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311121, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699286400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658110321, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658110321, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658110321, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658110321, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375270163673092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658109465, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658579758, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1530, endPage=1536, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375274102116745, articleId=1240375273753989505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Incidence and influencing factors of HIV associated mental disorders, columnId=1228016569138213037, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Clinical Medicine and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of mental disorders in people living with HIV/AIDS and to provide reference for clinical prevention of HIV associated mental disorders.

Methods

People living with HIV/AIDS who were diagnosed in our hospital from May 2017 to March 2023 were stratified randomly selected according to the year of admission. The first hospitalization records and laboratory test data from the medical record management systemwere reviewed and then relevant parameters were extracted as baseline data and were followed up regularly. Cox regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of HIV associated mental disorders.

Results

A total of 503 people living with HIV/AIDS meeting the study criteria were included, 71 patients were diagnosed with mental disorders during follow-up, with an incidence of 14.1%. Multivariate analysis showed poor sleep (HR=3.813, 95% CI: 2.237-6.501), ART side effects (HR=1.740, 95% CI: 1.047-2.891), poor insight (HR=7.213, 95% CI: 4.277-12.163), abnormal CD4/CD8 cell ratio (HR=2.772, 95% CI: 1.246-6.163) and abnormal creatine kinase (HR=1.765, 95% CI: 1.086-2.871)were risk factors for HIV associated mental disorders.

Conclusion

People living with HIV/AIDS have a relatively high incidence of mental disorders within the first year of diagnosis, the influencing factors should be identified as early as possible when HIV/AIDS patients are diagnosed, and corresponding intervention plans should be formulated to prevent the occurrence and development of HIV associated mental disorders.

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目的

调查HIV感染者/AIDS患者(以下简称HIV/AIDS患者)精神障碍的发病率，并探讨相关影响因素。为临床预防HIV相关精神障碍提供参考和依据。

方法

按入院年份分层随机抽取2017年5月至2023年3月在我院确诊的HIV/AIDS患者，通过病案管理系统查阅首次住院病案记录和相关实验室检测数据作为基线数据并随访追踪，应用Cox回归分析HIV相关精神障碍的影响因素。

结果

共纳入503名满足研究标准的HIV/AIDS患者，其中71名随访期间诊断精神障碍，发病率为14.1%。睡眠不佳(HR=3.813,95% CI: 2.237~6.501)，存在ART副作用(HR=1.740,95% CI: 1.047~2.891)，自知力不完整(HR=7.213,95% CI: 4.277~12.163)，CD4/CD8细胞比值异常(HR=2.772,95% CI: 1.246~6.163)和CK值异常(HR=1.765,95% CI: 1.086~2.871)是HIV相关精神障碍发病的危险因素。

结论

HIV/AIDS患者在确诊第一年内精神障碍发病率偏高，在HIV/AIDS患者确诊时应当及早识别可能影响患者发生精神障碍的因素，制定相应干预计划防治HIV相关精神障碍的发生发展。

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汪习成，E-mail：；
蒋忠亮，E-mail：
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点，除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Gzq1oOWVPlx8QYyy0b5hiQ==, magXml=PyhkPN84VJKIogQq53aKAw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=FtPfSE8bXmW4VNjUhqwD7Q==, pdfFileSize=769708, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=9Xsn6/ikBQpv/ymbnlDJaA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=dTf1qqO12PcKa6AyUg8kSw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者贡献声明

黄小平：资料收集、数据整理与分析、撰写论文；汪习成：论文审阅与修改、研究指导、经费支持；蒋忠亮：论文修改、技术指导、经费支持；张伟、宋秘书、秦雯、王明江：数据采集、解释与统计分析；刘泽蓉、陈晨、杨欣烨、杨颖：数据采集与统计分析

黄小平(1994—)，女，硕士在读，研究方向：艾滋病及新发传染病研究

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黄小平(1994—)，女，硕士在读，研究方向：艾滋病及新发传染病研究

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Advances in HIV-associated mental disorder[J]. Chinese Journal of AIDS & STD, 2022, 28(9): 1102-1106., articleTitle=Advances in HIV-associated mental disorder, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240748862873333856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省传染病临床医学中心, fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240748862969802853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, awardId=2020J0233, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2020J0233), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240748863070466152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, awardId=202102AA310005-026, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省科技厅重大专项(202102AA310005-026), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240748863179518060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, awardId=2023S014, language=CN, fundingSource=昆明医科大学2023年硕士研究生创新基金(2023S014), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240748856158253699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748856170836616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, companyId=1240748856158253699, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748856183419530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, companyId=1240748856158253699, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.昆明医科大学，云南 昆明 650500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240748856258917011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748856263111316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, companyId=1240748856258917011, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.云南省传染病医院/艾滋病关爱中心)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240748861120114717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=A)Incidence of HAMD during 2017-2023 follow-up period B)Different types of mental disorders(%), figureFileSmall=1n+6NvJdy+AL5t91rBmUfw==, figureFileBig=o/vaD7/Hpq9rRuEKAn/dDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748861241749540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=CN, label=图1, caption=A)2017—2023年随访期间HIV相关精神障碍发病情况B)不同精神障碍类型构成(%), figureFileSmall=1n+6NvJdy+AL5t91rBmUfw==, figureFileBig=o/vaD7/Hpq9rRuEKAn/dDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748861359190058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Classification of mental disorders

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类目诊断编码所含疾病
器质性精神障碍F00-F09HAND、器质性幻觉症、器质性精神病等
精神活性物质所致精神障碍F10-F19使用酒精、阿片类药物等引起的精神和行为障碍
精神分裂样障碍F20-F29精神分裂症、分裂型障碍、妄想性障碍等
情感障碍F30-F39躁狂发作、BD、抑郁发作、心境障碍等
神经症应激相关障碍F40-F48焦虑障碍、PTSD、躯体化障碍、神经症性障碍等
心因性障碍F50-F59神经性厌食、非器质性失眠症、非器质性睡眠障碍等
), ArticleFig(id=1240748861451464751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

精神障碍分类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类目诊断编码所含疾病
器质性精神障碍F00-F09HAND、器质性幻觉症、器质性精神病等
精神活性物质所致精神障碍F10-F19使用酒精、阿片类药物等引起的精神和行为障碍
精神分裂样障碍F20-F29精神分裂症、分裂型障碍、妄想性障碍等
情感障碍F30-F39躁狂发作、BD、抑郁发作、心境障碍等
神经症应激相关障碍F40-F48焦虑障碍、PTSD、躯体化障碍、神经症性障碍等
心因性障碍F50-F59神经性厌食、非器质性失眠症、非器质性睡眠障碍等
), ArticleFig(id=1240748861543739445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征调查数(n)构成比(%)特征调查数(n)构成比(%)
性别男34568.6居住地城市12625.0
女15831.4乡镇37775.0
年龄(岁)18~4528556.7入院科室感染一科20741.2
>4521843.3感染二科13426.6
民族汉族36873.2内科71.4
少数民族13526.8外科14929.6
职业农民28556.7精神科61.2
职员/工人479.3医保类型城镇居民10721.3
无业10621.1城镇职工14729.2
其他6512.9其他24949.5
婚姻状况未婚8416.7传播途径性42885.1
已婚/同居32865.2血液7414.7
离异/丧偶9118.1母婴10.2
冶游史无34668.8静脉吸毒无43586.5
有15731.2有6813.5
), ArticleFig(id=1240748861631819831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

HIV/AIDS人群一般人口学特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征调查数(n)构成比(%)特征调查数(n)构成比(%)
性别男34568.6居住地城市12625.0
女15831.4乡镇37775.0
年龄(岁)18~4528556.7入院科室感染一科20741.2
>4521843.3感染二科13426.6
民族汉族36873.2内科71.4
少数民族13526.8外科14929.6
职业农民28556.7精神科61.2
职员/工人479.3医保类型城镇居民10721.3
无业10621.1城镇职工14729.2
其他6512.9其他24949.5
婚姻状况未婚8416.7传播途径性42885.1
已婚/同居32865.2血液7414.7
离异/丧偶9118.1母婴10.2
冶游史无34668.8静脉吸毒无43586.5
有15731.2有6813.5
), ArticleFig(id=1240748861703123002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

The annual incidence of mental disorders in 503 people living with HIV/AIDS

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
随访年数年初例数年内发病例数年平均例数年发病率年发病概率
[0~1]503404830.0830.080
[1~2]46334620.0060.006
[2~3]46024590.0040.004
[3~4]45874550.0150.015
[4~5]45124500.0040.004
[5~6]449174410.0390.038
), ArticleFig(id=1240748861795397696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

503例HIV/AIDS患者精神障碍年发病率计算表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
随访年数年初例数年内发病例数年平均例数年发病率年发病概率
[0~1]503404830.0830.080
[1~2]46334620.0060.006
[2~3]46024590.0040.004
[3~4]45874550.0150.015
[4~5]45124500.0040.004
[5~6]449174410.0390.038
), ArticleFig(id=1240748861900255300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Detection of mental disorders in people living with HIV/AIDS[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别检查人数精神障碍χ2值P值
性别男34546(13.3)0.5540.457
女15825(15.8)
年龄(岁)18~4528541(14.4)0.0400.842
>4521830(13.8)
民族汉族36856(15.2)1.3740.241
少数民族13515(11.1)
职业农民28546(16.1)5.8270.120
职员/工人477(14.9)
无业10615(14.2)
其他653(4.6)
婚姻状况未婚8413(15.5)2.3990.301
已婚/同居32841(12.5)
离异/丧偶9117(18.7)
医保类型城镇居民1079(8.4)5.8920.053
城镇职工14718(12.2)
其他24944(17.7)
睡眠佳32820(6.1)49.992<0.001
不佳17551(29.1)
体重变化无30635(11.4)4.6200.032
有19736(18.3)
ART副作用无37546(12.3)4.1540.042
有12825(19.5)
ART依从性佳40348(11.9)8.1270.004
不佳10023(23.0)
自知力完整47648(10.1)118.875<0.001
不完整2723(85.2)
体质指数<18.511317(15.0)0.8460.655
18.5~23.929243(14.7)
>23.99811(11.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1240748861975752777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

HIV/AIDS患者精神障碍检出情况[n(%)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别检查人数精神障碍χ2值P值
性别男34546(13.3)0.5540.457
女15825(15.8)
年龄(岁)18~4528541(14.4)0.0400.842
>4521830(13.8)
民族汉族36856(15.2)1.3740.241
少数民族13515(11.1)
职业农民28546(16.1)5.8270.120
职员/工人477(14.9)
无业10615(14.2)
其他653(4.6)
婚姻状况未婚8413(15.5)2.3990.301
已婚/同居32841(12.5)
离异/丧偶9117(18.7)
医保类型城镇居民1079(8.4)5.8920.053
城镇职工14718(12.2)
其他24944(17.7)
睡眠佳32820(6.1)49.992<0.001
不佳17551(29.1)
体重变化无30635(11.4)4.6200.032
有19736(18.3)
ART副作用无37546(12.3)4.1540.042
有12825(19.5)
ART依从性佳40348(11.9)8.1270.004
不佳10023(23.0)
自知力完整47648(10.1)118.875<0.001
不完整2723(85.2)
体质指数<18.511317(15.0)0.8460.655
18.5~23.929243(14.7)
>23.99811(11.2)
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862076416077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Assignment table for analysis of factors influencing HAMD

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变量名变量含义赋值说明
X1睡眠佳=0；不佳=1
X2体重变化无=0；有=1
X3ART副作用无=0；有=1
X4ART依从性佳=0；不佳=1
X5自知力完整=0；不完整=1
X6初治方案是否含有EFV无=0；有=1
X7基线CD4细胞计数正常(500~1 600个/μl)=0；异常=1
X8基线CD8细胞计数正常(320~1 250个/μl)=0；异常=1
X9基线CD4/CD8细胞比值正常(0.71~2.87%)=0；异常=1
X10总胆红素T-Bil正常(3.4~20.5 μmol/L)=0；异常=1
X11谷丙转氨酶ALT正常(0~40 U/L)=0；异常=1
X12谷草转氨酶AST正常(0~45 U/L)=0；异常=1
X13尿素UREA正常(2.6~7.5 mmol/L)=0；异常=1
X14肌酸激酶CK正常(40~200 U/L)=0；异常=1
X15C反应蛋白CRP正常(0~5 mg/L)=0；异常=1
X16降钙素原PCT正常(0~0.046 ng/ml)=0；异常=1
X17白介素6IL-6正常(0~7 pg/ml)=0；异常=1
X18白细胞WBC正常(3.5~9.5*109/L)=0；异常=1
X19红细胞RBC正常(3.8~5.1*109/L)=0；异常=1
X20血红蛋白HGB正常(110~150 g/L)=0；异常=1
X21血小板PLT正常(125~350*109/L)=0；异常=1
Y精神障碍诊断、随访时间无=0；有=1、连续型（天）
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862193856591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

HIV相关精神障碍影响因素分析赋值表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名变量含义赋值说明
X1睡眠佳=0；不佳=1
X2体重变化无=0；有=1
X3ART副作用无=0；有=1
X4ART依从性佳=0；不佳=1
X5自知力完整=0；不完整=1
X6初治方案是否含有EFV无=0；有=1
X7基线CD4细胞计数正常(500~1 600个/μl)=0；异常=1
X8基线CD8细胞计数正常(320~1 250个/μl)=0；异常=1
X9基线CD4/CD8细胞比值正常(0.71~2.87%)=0；异常=1
X10总胆红素T-Bil正常(3.4~20.5 μmol/L)=0；异常=1
X11谷丙转氨酶ALT正常(0~40 U/L)=0；异常=1
X12谷草转氨酶AST正常(0~45 U/L)=0；异常=1
X13尿素UREA正常(2.6~7.5 mmol/L)=0；异常=1
X14肌酸激酶CK正常(40~200 U/L)=0；异常=1
X15C反应蛋白CRP正常(0~5 mg/L)=0；异常=1
X16降钙素原PCT正常(0~0.046 ng/ml)=0；异常=1
X17白介素6IL-6正常(0~7 pg/ml)=0；异常=1
X18白细胞WBC正常(3.5~9.5*109/L)=0；异常=1
X19红细胞RBC正常(3.8~5.1*109/L)=0；异常=1
X20血红蛋白HGB正常(110~150 g/L)=0；异常=1
X21血小板PLT正常(125~350*109/L)=0；异常=1
Y精神障碍诊断、随访时间无=0；有=1、连续型（天）
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862349045845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Univariate analysis of influencing factors of HAMD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量HR(95% CI)P值
睡眠不佳5.360(3.190~9.006)<0.001
体重变化有2.017(1.253~3.246)0.004
ART副作用有1.669(1.023~2.722)0.040
ART依从性不佳2.052(1.245~3.383)0.005
自知力不完整13.082(7.900~21.663)<0.001
初治方案是否含有EFV有0.842(0.525~1.348)0.473
基线CD4细胞计数异常3.463(1.648~7.275)0.001
基线CD8细胞计数异常1.879(1.170~3.017)0.009
基线CD4/CD8细胞比值异常3.922(1.785~8.622)0.001
T-Bil异常1.048(0.520~2.113)0.896
ALT异常0.701(0.390~1.262)0.237
AST异常1.047(0.605~1.811)0.869
UREA异常1.564(0.923~2.653)0.097
CK异常2.324(1.452~3.719)<0.001
CRP异常1.194(0.744~1.918)0.463
PCT异常1.289(0.785~2.119)0.316
IL-6异常1.664(1.024~2.705)0.040
WBC异常1.864(1.157~3.002)0.010
RBC异常0.801(0.500~1.285)0.358
HGB异常0.737(0.454~1.197)0.218
PLT异常1.156(0.696~1.918)0.576
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862487457879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

HIV相关精神障碍影响因素单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量HR(95% CI)P值
睡眠不佳5.360(3.190~9.006)<0.001
体重变化有2.017(1.253~3.246)0.004
ART副作用有1.669(1.023~2.722)0.040
ART依从性不佳2.052(1.245~3.383)0.005
自知力不完整13.082(7.900~21.663)<0.001
初治方案是否含有EFV有0.842(0.525~1.348)0.473
基线CD4细胞计数异常3.463(1.648~7.275)0.001
基线CD8细胞计数异常1.879(1.170~3.017)0.009
基线CD4/CD8细胞比值异常3.922(1.785~8.622)0.001
T-Bil异常1.048(0.520~2.113)0.896
ALT异常0.701(0.390~1.262)0.237
AST异常1.047(0.605~1.811)0.869
UREA异常1.564(0.923~2.653)0.097
CK异常2.324(1.452~3.719)<0.001
CRP异常1.194(0.744~1.918)0.463
PCT异常1.289(0.785~2.119)0.316
IL-6异常1.664(1.024~2.705)0.040
WBC异常1.864(1.157~3.002)0.010
RBC异常0.801(0.500~1.285)0.358
HGB异常0.737(0.454~1.197)0.218
PLT异常1.156(0.696~1.918)0.576
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862579732569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Multivariate analysis of influencing Factors of HAMD

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βWaldHR(95% CI)P值
睡眠不佳1.33824.1883.813(2.237~6.501)<0.001
ART副作用有0.5544.5701.740(1.047~2.891)0.033
自知力不完整1.97654.9237.213(4.277~12.163)<0.001
基线CD4/CD8细胞比值异常1.0196.2522.772(1.246~6.163)0.012
CK异常0.5685.2491.765(1.086~2.871)0.022
), ArticleFig(id=1240748862688784475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375273753989505, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

HIV相关精神障碍影响因素多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量βWaldHR(95% CI)P值
睡眠不佳1.33824.1883.813(2.237~6.501)<0.001
ART副作用有0.5544.5701.740(1.047~2.891)0.033
自知力不完整1.97654.9237.213(4.277~12.163)<0.001
基线CD4/CD8细胞比值异常1.0196.2522.772(1.246~6.163)0.012
CK异常0.5685.2491.765(1.086~2.871)0.022
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HIV/AIDS相关精神障碍患病状况及影响因素研究
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黄小平 1 , 张伟 2 , 宋秘书 2 , 秦雯 2 , 王明江 2 , 刘泽蓉 2 , 陈晨 2 , 杨欣烨 1 , 杨颖 1 , 蒋忠亮 2 , 汪习成 2
现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024,51(8): 1530-1536
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现代预防医学 | 临床与预防 2024, 51(8): 1530-1536
HIV/AIDS相关精神障碍患病状况及影响因素研究
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黄小平1, 张伟2, 宋秘书2, 秦雯2, 王明江2, 刘泽蓉2, 陈晨2, 杨欣烨1, 杨颖1, 蒋忠亮2 , 汪习成2
作者信息
  • 1.昆明医科大学，云南 昆明 650500
  • 2.云南省传染病医院/艾滋病关爱中心

    • 黄小平(1994—)，女，硕士在读，研究方向：艾滋病及新发传染病研究

通讯作者:

汪习成，E-mail：；
蒋忠亮，E-mail：
Incidence and influencing factors of HIV associated mental disorders
Xiao-ping HUANG1, Wei ZHANG2, Mi-shu SONG2, Wen QIN2, Ming-jiang WANG2, Ze-rong LIU2, Chen CHEN2, Xin-ye YANG1, Ying YANG1, Zhong-liang JANG2 , Xi-cheng WANG2
Affiliations
  • School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311121
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摘要
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目的

调查HIV感染者/AIDS患者(以下简称HIV/AIDS患者)精神障碍的发病率，并探讨相关影响因素。为临床预防HIV相关精神障碍提供参考和依据。

方法

按入院年份分层随机抽取2017年5月至2023年3月在我院确诊的HIV/AIDS患者，通过病案管理系统查阅首次住院病案记录和相关实验室检测数据作为基线数据并随访追踪，应用Cox回归分析HIV相关精神障碍的影响因素。

结果

共纳入503名满足研究标准的HIV/AIDS患者，其中71名随访期间诊断精神障碍，发病率为14.1%。睡眠不佳(HR=3.813,95% CI: 2.237~6.501)，存在ART副作用(HR=1.740,95% CI: 1.047~2.891)，自知力不完整(HR=7.213,95% CI: 4.277~12.163)，CD4/CD8细胞比值异常(HR=2.772,95% CI: 1.246~6.163)和CK值异常(HR=1.765,95% CI: 1.086~2.871)是HIV相关精神障碍发病的危险因素。

结论

HIV/AIDS患者在确诊第一年内精神障碍发病率偏高，在HIV/AIDS患者确诊时应当及早识别可能影响患者发生精神障碍的因素，制定相应干预计划防治HIV相关精神障碍的发生发展。

HIV/AIDS  /  精神障碍  /  发病率  /  危险因素
Objective

To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of mental disorders in people living with HIV/AIDS and to provide reference for clinical prevention of HIV associated mental disorders.

Methods

People living with HIV/AIDS who were diagnosed in our hospital from May 2017 to March 2023 were stratified randomly selected according to the year of admission. The first hospitalization records and laboratory test data from the medical record management systemwere reviewed and then relevant parameters were extracted as baseline data and were followed up regularly. Cox regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of HIV associated mental disorders.

Results

A total of 503 people living with HIV/AIDS meeting the study criteria were included, 71 patients were diagnosed with mental disorders during follow-up, with an incidence of 14.1%. Multivariate analysis showed poor sleep (HR=3.813, 95% CI: 2.237-6.501), ART side effects (HR=1.740, 95% CI: 1.047-2.891), poor insight (HR=7.213, 95% CI: 4.277-12.163), abnormal CD4/CD8 cell ratio (HR=2.772, 95% CI: 1.246-6.163) and abnormal creatine kinase (HR=1.765, 95% CI: 1.086-2.871)were risk factors for HIV associated mental disorders.

Conclusion

People living with HIV/AIDS have a relatively high incidence of mental disorders within the first year of diagnosis, the influencing factors should be identified as early as possible when HIV/AIDS patients are diagnosed, and corresponding intervention plans should be formulated to prevent the occurrence and development of HIV associated mental disorders.

HIV/AIDS  /  Mental disorders  /  Incidence  /  Risk factors
黄小平, 张伟, 宋秘书, 秦雯, 王明江, 刘泽蓉, 陈晨, 杨欣烨, 杨颖, 蒋忠亮, 汪习成. HIV/AIDS相关精神障碍患病状况及影响因素研究. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1530 -1536 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311121
Xiao-ping HUANG, Wei ZHANG, Mi-shu SONG, Wen QIN, Ming-jiang WANG, Ze-rong LIU, Chen CHEN, Xin-ye YANG, Ying YANG, Zhong-liang JANG, Xi-cheng WANG. Incidence and influencing factors of HIV associated mental disorders[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1530 -1536 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311121
正文
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2016年，我国在“健康中国2030”规划中强调，要重视重点人群心理问题，尤其关注重型精神障碍的登记救治。2022年12月，国家民政部、财政部等四部门进一步推出“精康融合行动”，致力于提高精神障碍患者及其家庭的获得感、幸福感。随着抗逆转录病毒治疗(Antiretroviral Therapy, ART)的迭代更新，HIV/AIDS患者的生命周期和普通人群无异。但HIV对大脑的直接影响、躯体功能障碍、污名化、病耻感和经济负担等因素使HIV/AIDS患者身心负担加重，有研究显示，HIV/AIDS患者约28.1%罹患精神障碍[1]。近年，HIV/AIDS患者的精神状况逐渐受到重视，但多局限于横断面研究，关于HIV相关精神障碍(HIV-Associated Mental Disorder，HAMD)的发生率和影响因素研究相对较少。本研究采用回顾性队列研究分析云南省传染病医院HIV/AIDS患者精神障碍的发病率和相关影响因素，为临床预防HAMD提供参考和依据。
1 对象与方法
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1.1 对象
1.1.1 研究对象及选择标准
基于云南省传染病医院HIS系统，建立HIV/AIDS住院患者回顾性队列。选择2017年5月至2023年3月在云南省传染病医院住院部确诊的HIV/AIDS患者为招募对象。纳入标准：(1)年龄≥18周岁，可常规医疗随访者；(2)确诊HIV感染/AIDS前未被诊断相关精神障碍者；(3)随访时间至少1个月。排除标准：(1)严重系统性疾病；(2)中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤；(3)资料不全者。本研究经云南省传染病医院伦理委员会批准(编号：科2023009)。
1.1.2 样本量计算
根据队列研究公式计算样本量。据Motumma等人[1]报道，p0=0.281；据Mannes等人报道[2-3]，估计RR=1.35，Zα=1.96(α=0.05)，Zβ=1.28(β=0.10)，计算得出所需样本含量为481，预计失访率为10%，最终所需样本含量为529例。
1.1.3 抽样方式
依据病案管理系统中首次确诊日期，将HIV/AIDS患者逐一编码。按入院年份分层，使用随机数表法随机抽取研究对象。2017年5月至2023年3月入院HV/AIDS患者共7 229例。根据样本量计算结果，从中随机抽取529例研究对象。其中，2017年5月至12月抽取76例（14.37%），2018年1月至12月抽取121例（22.87%），2019年1月至12月抽取121例（22.87%），2020年1月至12月抽取86例（16.26%），2021年1月至12月抽取70例（13.23%），2022年1月至12月抽取45例（8.51%），2023年1月至3月抽取10例（1.89%）。
1.2 方法
查阅HIV/AIDS患者首次住院病案记录和相关检测数据作为基线数据，追踪随访其是否发生精神障碍并记录确诊日期。“HIV/AIDS”的诊断分别参照《中国艾滋病诊疗指南(2015、2018、2021年版)》诊断标准[4]；精神障碍的诊断符合国际精神分类第十一版(ICD-11)[5]，并根据疾病特点划分为六个类别，见表1；自知力是否完整由临床医生经三个维度(即对疾病的意识、对治疗的依从性以及将精神病性事件确认为异常的能力)综合评定得出[6]；睡眠情况为患者自我报告睡眠时间以及对睡眠体验的自我满意度综合得出[7]；ART依从性佳定义为同时满足以下3个条件：过去2周内未漏服ART药物、过去2周内遵守服药标准，未出现自行停药或减药的情况以及过去1个月按时按量服用ART药物的比例≥95%[8-9]。
1.3 统计分析
应用SPSS 20.0软件对所收集的数据进行统计分析。计数资料以例数(%)表示，正态分布计量资料以均数±标准差()描述。采用Cox回归进行单因素和多因素分析。检验水准α=0.05。
2 结果
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2.1 人口学特征
本研究共纳入503名满足研究标准的HIV/AIDS患者，失访率4.9%(26/529)。调查对象年龄18~84岁，平均(44.75±11.41)岁；男性345名(68.6%)，女性158名(31.4%)；主要居住在乡镇(75.0%)，职业为农民(56.7%)；民族以汉族(73.2%)为主，婚姻状况以已婚/同居(65.2%)为主；传播途径以性传播(85.1%)为主，血液传播中约91.89%为静脉吸毒所致，见表2。
2.2 HIV相关精神障碍
503名HIV/AIDS患者追踪随访发生精神障碍71例，发病率为14.1%(95% CI: 11.1~17.2)。HAMD在随访第一年内发病率最高为8.3%(P<0.001)，以神经症应激相关障碍为主(14/40)。2017至2023年间，HIV相关精神障碍的患病率无统计学差异(P>0.05)；其中，神经症应激相关障碍占比最高35.21%(25/71)，精神活性物质所致精神障碍仅2例，见表3、图1。睡眠不佳，体重有变化，存在ART药物副作用，ART依从性不佳，自知力不完整的HIV/AIDS患者精神障碍检出率较高(P<0.05)，见表4。
2.3 影响因素
2.3.1 单因素分析
HAMD影响因素的单因素分析(变量赋值见表5)结果显示，在未控制协变量的情况下睡眠质量不佳、体重有变化、存在ART副作用、ART依从性不佳、自知力不完整、CD4细胞计数异常、CD8细胞计数异常、CD4/CD8细胞比值异常、CK值异常、IL-6值异常和WBC计数异常可能是HAMD的危险因素，见表6。
2.3.2 多因素分析
将单因素分析中P<0.1的变量纳入多因素分析，结果显示控制了协变量之后睡眠不佳(HR=3.813,95% CI: 2.237~6.501)，存在ART副作用(HR=1.740,95% CI: 1.047~2.891)，自知力不完整(HR=7.213,95% CI: 4.277~12.163)，CD4/CD8细胞比值异常(HR=2.772,95% CI: 1.246~6.163)和CK值异常(HR=1.765,95% CI: 1.086~2.871)是HIV相关精神障碍发病的危险因素(P<0.05)，见表7。
3 讨论
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本研究根据ICD-11将精神障碍细分为六个类别，研究结果显示HIV相关精神障碍的发病率为14.1%(71/503)，其中器质性精神障碍19例、精神活性物质所致精神障碍2例、精神分裂样障碍5例、情感障碍11例、神经症应激相关障碍25例以及心因性障碍9例。这与Roberts等人的研究结果相似[10]，但高于钱俊等人的报道[11]。研究结果的差异性可能是由于研究对象纳入标准不同所致，也提示HIV/AIDS患者的管理和精神障碍的识别能力存在一定差异。
有研究显示，HIV/AIDS患者在接受ART12个月后抑郁率有所下降，但抑郁及焦虑发生率仍高于一般人群[12]。这与本研究中结果一致，在随访第一年，HIV/AIDS患者精神障碍发病率最高为8.3%(P<0.001)，随后下降。这可能与HIV/AIDS患者在确诊初期害怕信息被暴露、对ART副作用有偏见以及社会耻辱感高等因素有关[13]，且那些报告存在严重副作用的人经历了更大的抑郁情绪[14]。存在ART副作用的HIV/AIDS患者发生精神障碍的风险是没有ART副作用的1.740倍，这提示医务工作者应当注重观察HIV/AIDS患者在接受ART过程中是否产生药物副作用，并积极调整药物或给予心理安慰，以缓解副作用对患者情绪产生的影响。
睡眠障碍始终是困扰HIV/AIDS患者身心健康的常见问题。在HIV/AIDS患者中约49%存在睡眠障碍[15]，本研究约34.8%(175/503)的HIV/AIDS患者睡眠不佳，而这一比例在吸毒途径HIV感染者中发生率更高[16]。在非HIV/AIDS患者中睡眠紊乱或可作为PTSD的预测因素[17-18]，本研究中睡眠质量不佳的HIV/AIDS患者发生精神障碍的可能性约是睡眠质量好的3.813倍，这提示临床中不论是否患HIV/AIDS都应注重患者睡眠质量的评估。
CD4+T淋巴细胞是HIV感染最主要的靶细胞，人体感染HIV后，具有CD4细胞计数进行性下降的特点。有研究表明，CD4细胞计数低与HIV相关神经认知功能障碍和抑郁的发病有关[19-20]。在临床上，患者CD4细胞计数低与治疗依从性差有关，而精神疾病的存在会影响HIV/AIDS患者的依从性[21]。在本研究中，CD4计数异常、ART依从性不佳是HIV/AIDS患者发生精神障碍的危险因素。综合以上，CD4细胞计数、ART依从性和HIV相关精神障碍之间似乎存在中介效应，ART依从性和HIV相关精神障碍之间存在一定相互作用，值得深入研究。IL-6作为一种重要促炎细胞因子，可调节多种细胞的生长与分化，被报道与HIV感染程度有关，HIV感染者接受ART前期IL-6水平升高且与CD4细胞计数水平呈负相关[22-23]。在一般人群中，IL-6的升高会影响与精神障碍高度相关的大脑结构的发育，可能是神经精神疾病发病的潜在影响因子[24]。但IL-6与HIV/AIDS患者精神障碍发病的机制研究相对缺乏，本研究发现IL-6异常者发生精神障碍的风险是IL-6正常者的1.664倍，这一结果仍需相关机制探索加以佐证。
此外，本研究发现，CK值异常的HIV/AIDS患者发生精神障碍的风险约是CK值正常者的1.765倍。该结果在同人群中未检测到相应结果，但在双相情感障碍躁狂发作的一般人群中呈现高水平[25]。在侵袭性精神分裂症患者中CK值偏高，且高水平CK组发生攻击行为风险增加约8.1倍[26]。CK在临床上常用于骨骼肌疾病和心肌疾病的诊断，其含量增高也可见于器质性神经疾病，但是否可作为HIV相关精神障碍的预测因子需要前瞻性研究进一步探讨。
患者有精神障碍的人群有更高的HIV感染风险，尤其是患有重度抑郁和创伤后应激障碍者[27]，而HIV感染者较一般人群更容易患精神障碍，在HIV感染、传播以及患HIV相关精神障碍的循环中[28]，只有切断其中一个环节才有可能阻止HIV相关精神障碍的发生发展，降低HIV的传播。
本研究属于回顾性队列研究，在省级传染病及精神卫生综合单位完成，采用分层随机抽样抽取研究对象，基本能够反应真实世界HIV/AIDS患者相关精神障碍的患病现状。但本研究也存在一定局限性，如1)采用回顾性队列研究存在一定失访率，但研究初期已预估10%失访样本量；2)样本含量偏少；3)虽然采用分层随机抽样来规避选择偏倚，但由于仅纳入了单中心住院患者，可能高估了HIV/AIDS相关精神障碍的发生率，需要开展多中心前瞻性的研究进一步确认。
基金
收起
  • 云南省传染病临床医学中心
  • 云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2020J0233)
  • 云南省科技厅重大专项(202102AA310005-026)
  • 昆明医科大学2023年硕士研究生创新基金(2023S014)
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2024年第51卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202311121
  • 接收时间：2023-11-07
  • 首发时间：2026-03-16
  • 出版时间：2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期：2023-11-07
基金
云南省传染病临床医学中心
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2020J0233)
云南省科技厅重大专项(202102AA310005-026)
昆明医科大学2023年硕士研究生创新基金(2023S014)
作者信息
    1.昆明医科大学，云南 昆明 650500
    2.云南省传染病医院/艾滋病关爱中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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