Article(id=1240375113359610173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309448, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1695571200000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658072080, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658072080, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658072080, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658072080, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375105386238038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658070179, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658539618, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377074414833974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377074414833975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1105, endPage=1111, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375115863609714, articleId=1240375113359610173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Impacts of information outbreaks on social anxiety based on a moderated mediation model, columnId=1228016573156360233, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Disease Control and Prevention, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To intervene in the process of the information epidemic's impact on public anxiety through a mediated model with moderation, and to explore the relationship between information epidemic and anxiety and its mechanism of action, with a view to better solving the difficulties it poses, eliminating the atmosphere of public anxiety shrouded by the information epidemic under the public health emergencies, and further stifling the possibilities of the generation of social risk crises.

Methods

Using a combination of convenience sampling and snowball sampling, 1 580 valid questionnaires were surveyed nationwide, and descriptive statistical analyses, regression analyses, and mediated moderated effects analyses were conducted.

Results

Information epidemic had a positive predictive effect on anxiety level (β=0.14, P<0.001), mental toughness partially mediated the relationship between information epidemic and anxiety level 0.30 (95% CI:0.10-0.52), with the indirect effect accounting for 15.4 % of the total effect; and education level played a moderating role in the second half of the pathway of the aforementioned mediation model (β=-0.36, P<0.001).

Conclusion

In the context of public health emergencies, it is recommended to improve the public's mental toughness and education level to mitigate the adverse impacts of information outbreaks, and then reduce the negative emotions of public anxiety.

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目的

研究通过有调节的中介模型干预信息疫情对公众焦虑的影响过程,旨在探究信息疫情与焦虑情绪之间的关系及其作用机制,以期更好的解决其带来的难题,消弭突发公共卫生事件下信息疫情笼罩的公众焦虑氛围,进一步扼杀社会风险危机产生的可能性。

方法

采用方便抽样和滚雪球抽样相结合的方法,在全国范围内调查有效问卷1 580份,进行描述性统计分析、回归分析和有中介的调节效应分析。

结果

信息疫情对焦虑程度有正向预测作用(β=0.14, P<0.001);心理韧性在信息疫情与焦虑程度间起部分中介效应,中介效应值为0.30(95% CI:0.10~0.52 ),间接效应占总效应的15.4 %;受教育程度在前述中介模型的后半路径起到调节作用(β=- 0.36, P<0.001 )。

结论

突发公共卫生事件背景下,建议通过提升公众心理韧性及受教育程度来缓解信息疫情造成的不良冲击,继而降低社会公众焦虑的负性情绪。

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吴群红,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=cLfQel6hawbdsWyRrn3jZQ==, magXml=hBFto2y5SwExPgfYxdOZ7Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Ln+n2Fdrec/Zd6SKXWA+lQ==, pdfFileSize=992283, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=nwYoNWDQGRho/t/nLNTt8g==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Px4/+R3cxlBJGsbsO/Wo5A==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王群凯(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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王群凯(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

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Analysis on status and influencing factor of e-health literacy among outpatients[J]. 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Results of descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of variables

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变量123456
1.性别-
2.月收入-0.14b-
3.受教育程度0.03-0.13b-
4.焦虑程度0.16b-0.08b-0.05a-
5.信息疫情0.01b-0.08b0.05a0.14b-
6.心理韧性-0.07b0.020.04-0.28b-0.06a-
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各变量描述统计、相关分析结果

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变量123456
1.性别-
2.月收入-0.14b-
3.受教育程度0.03-0.13b-
4.焦虑程度0.16b-0.08b-0.05a-
5.信息疫情0.01b-0.08b0.05a0.14b-
6.心理韧性-0.07b0.020.04-0.28b-0.06a-
), ArticleFig(id=1240746309863404505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375113359610173, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of the mediating effect of mental toughness between information epidemic and anxiety level

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量方程1方程2方程3
SEβ(95% CI)SEβ(95% CI)SEβ(95% CI)
性别0.362.21c(1.49~2.92)0.23-0.58a(-1.03~-0.13)0.351.95c(1.27~2.64)
月收入0.15-0.40b(-0.69~-0.12)0.090.08(-0.10~0.26)0.14-0.37b(-0.64~-0.09)
信息疫情0.351.94c(1.25~2.63)0.22-0.68b(-1.12~-0.25)0.341.64c(0.98~2.30)
心理韧性0.04-0.44c(-0.51~-0.36)
R20.050.010.12
F27.67c5.88c55.56c
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心理韧性在信息疫情和焦虑程度间的中介效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量方程1方程2方程3
SEβ(95% CI)SEβ(95% CI)SEβ(95% CI)
性别0.362.21c(1.49~2.92)0.23-0.58a(-1.03~-0.13)0.351.95c(1.27~2.64)
月收入0.15-0.40b(-0.69~-0.12)0.090.08(-0.10~0.26)0.14-0.37b(-0.64~-0.09)
信息疫情0.351.94c(1.25~2.63)0.22-0.68b(-1.12~-0.25)0.341.64c(0.98~2.30)
心理韧性0.04-0.44c(-0.51~-0.36)
R20.050.010.12
F27.67c5.88c55.56c
), ArticleFig(id=1240746310094091236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375113359610173, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Bootstrap analysis of significance tests for mediating effects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中介效应路径效应值标准误95% CI下限95% CI上限相对中介效应(%)
总效应1.940.351.252.63
直接效应1.640.340.982.3015.40%
间接效应0.300.110.100.51
), ArticleFig(id=1240746310169588713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375113359610173, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

对中介效应显著性检验的 Bootstrap分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中介效应路径效应值标准误95% CI下限95% CI上限相对中介效应(%)
总效应1.940.351.252.63
直接效应1.640.340.982.3015.40%
间接效应0.300.110.100.51
), ArticleFig(id=1240746310266057709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375113359610173, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of the moderating role of educational attainment in the information epidemic and psychological resilience and anxiety levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量焦虑程度
SEtβ(95% CI)
性别0.355.641.96c(1.28~2.65)
月收入0.14-2.84-0.40b(-0.67~-0.12)
信息疫情0.345.011.68c(1.02~2.34)
心理韧性0.04-11.41-0.43c(-0.51~-0.36)
受教育程度0.45-2.60-1.16a(-2.03~-0.28)
心理韧性×受教育程度0.10-3.53-0.36c(-0.56~-0.16)
R20.13
F40.45c
), ArticleFig(id=1240746310362526706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375113359610173, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

受教育程度在信息疫情与心理韧性及焦虑程度中的调节作用分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量焦虑程度
SEtβ(95% CI)
性别0.355.641.96c(1.28~2.65)
月收入0.14-2.84-0.40b(-0.67~-0.12)
信息疫情0.345.011.68c(1.02~2.34)
心理韧性0.04-11.41-0.43c(-0.51~-0.36)
受教育程度0.45-2.60-1.16a(-2.03~-0.28)
心理韧性×受教育程度0.10-3.53-0.36c(-0.56~-0.16)
R20.13
F40.45c
), ArticleFig(id=1240746310467384311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375113359610173, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of educational attainment as a moderated mediated effect

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量效应值标准误Boot 95% CI
下限
Boot 95% CI
上限
低受教育程度组0.090.09-0.060.30
高受教育程度组0.340.120.120.58
有调节的中介0.250.120.050.50
), ArticleFig(id=1240746310555464699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375113359610173, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

受教育程度作为有调节的中介效应结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量效应值标准误Boot 95% CI
下限
Boot 95% CI
上限
低受教育程度组0.090.09-0.060.30
高受教育程度组0.340.120.120.58
有调节的中介0.250.120.050.50
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基于有调节的中介模型分析突发公共卫生事件中信息疫情对社会焦虑的影响
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王群凯 1 , 孟楠 1 , 王可欣 1 , 刘欢 1 , 诸葛瑞倩 1 , 王雨璇 1 , 马云霞 1 , 高珊珊 1 , 刘沼悦 1 , 许峤 2 , 吴群红 1
现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024,51(6): 1105-1111
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现代预防医学 | 疾病预防控制 2024, 51(6): 1105-1111
基于有调节的中介模型分析突发公共卫生事件中信息疫情对社会焦虑的影响
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王群凯1, 孟楠1, 王可欣1, 刘欢1, 诸葛瑞倩1, 王雨璇1, 马云霞1, 高珊珊1, 刘沼悦1, 许峤2, 吴群红1
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081
  • 2.南方医科大学第五附属医院
  • 王群凯(1999—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学与卫生事业管理

通讯作者:

吴群红,E-mail:
Impacts of information outbreaks on social anxiety based on a moderated mediation model
Qun-kai WANG1, Nan MENG1, Ke-xin WANG1, Huan LIU1, Rui-qian ZHU GE1, Yu-xuan WANG1, Yun-xia MA1, Shan-shan GAO1, Zhao-yue LIU1, Qiao XU2, Qun-hong WU1
Affiliations
  • School of Health Service Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309448
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目的

研究通过有调节的中介模型干预信息疫情对公众焦虑的影响过程,旨在探究信息疫情与焦虑情绪之间的关系及其作用机制,以期更好的解决其带来的难题,消弭突发公共卫生事件下信息疫情笼罩的公众焦虑氛围,进一步扼杀社会风险危机产生的可能性。

方法

采用方便抽样和滚雪球抽样相结合的方法,在全国范围内调查有效问卷1 580份,进行描述性统计分析、回归分析和有中介的调节效应分析。

结果

信息疫情对焦虑程度有正向预测作用(β=0.14, P<0.001);心理韧性在信息疫情与焦虑程度间起部分中介效应,中介效应值为0.30(95% CI:0.10~0.52 ),间接效应占总效应的15.4 %;受教育程度在前述中介模型的后半路径起到调节作用(β=- 0.36, P<0.001 )。

结论

突发公共卫生事件背景下,建议通过提升公众心理韧性及受教育程度来缓解信息疫情造成的不良冲击,继而降低社会公众焦虑的负性情绪。

信息疫情  /  焦虑情绪  /  心理韧性  /  中介效应  /  调节效应
Objective

To intervene in the process of the information epidemic's impact on public anxiety through a mediated model with moderation, and to explore the relationship between information epidemic and anxiety and its mechanism of action, with a view to better solving the difficulties it poses, eliminating the atmosphere of public anxiety shrouded by the information epidemic under the public health emergencies, and further stifling the possibilities of the generation of social risk crises.

Methods

Using a combination of convenience sampling and snowball sampling, 1 580 valid questionnaires were surveyed nationwide, and descriptive statistical analyses, regression analyses, and mediated moderated effects analyses were conducted.

Results

Information epidemic had a positive predictive effect on anxiety level (β=0.14, P<0.001), mental toughness partially mediated the relationship between information epidemic and anxiety level 0.30 (95% CI:0.10-0.52), with the indirect effect accounting for 15.4 % of the total effect; and education level played a moderating role in the second half of the pathway of the aforementioned mediation model (β=-0.36, P<0.001).

Conclusion

In the context of public health emergencies, it is recommended to improve the public's mental toughness and education level to mitigate the adverse impacts of information outbreaks, and then reduce the negative emotions of public anxiety.

Information epidemic  /  Anxiety  /  Mental resilience  /  Mediating effects  /  Moderating effects
王群凯, 孟楠, 王可欣, 刘欢, 诸葛瑞倩, 王雨璇, 马云霞, 高珊珊, 刘沼悦, 许峤, 吴群红. 基于有调节的中介模型分析突发公共卫生事件中信息疫情对社会焦虑的影响. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (6) : 1105 -1111 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309448
Qun-kai WANG, Nan MENG, Ke-xin WANG, Huan LIU, Rui-qian ZHU GE, Yu-xuan WANG, Yun-xia MA, Shan-shan GAO, Zhao-yue LIU, Qiao XU, Qun-hong WU. Impacts of information outbreaks on social anxiety based on a moderated mediation model[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (6) : 1105 -1111 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309448
当突发公共卫生事件爆发,传染病浪潮在全国范围内迅速袭来,大量疫情有关谣言、虚假信息甚至阴谋论往往会借助网络平台无孔不入,引发具有伴生性质的信息疫情,对个体生理心理健康产生双重影响。这不仅严重妨碍了公众对突发公共卫生事件的正确认知与应对,还会导致恐慌情绪在人群中迅速滋生、蔓延,进而引发社会信任危机等一系列连锁风险。当前,“信息疫情”已成为与重大突发公共卫生事件相伴生的新常态,对其的预防和整治已然成为后疫情时代乃至常态化生活的“附加题”,值得深入探索与研究。
“信息疫情”(Infodemic) 一词最早于2003年SARS盛行期间提出[1],但该词在当时并未激起太大水花。直到新冠(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情发生后,2022年,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)[2]提出:全球在抗击疫情的同时应该采取一系列措施抗击“信息疫情”,至此该词才受到学术界的广泛关注。大量研究表明,COVID-19不仅对身体健康构成威胁,而且引发了全球心理健康危机[3]。因此,本研究提出假设H1:信息疫情能正向预测公众焦虑情绪。
然而既往研究仅仅探索了信息疫情对焦虑情绪的直接影响,尚未说明在此链路下关键变量发挥的作用机制。心理韧性能够使个体在面对突发公共卫生事件时及时调整心理状态积极应对,以适应外界的变化。既往研究表明心理韧性是缓解焦虑等负性情绪的重要因素[4]。研究提出假设H2:心理韧性是信息疫情与公众焦虑情绪之间的中介变量。此外研究表明[5],受教育程度高是疾病引起焦虑情绪的保护因素。研究提出假设H3:信息疫情对焦虑情绪的中介路径的后半段受到受教育程度的调节。
综上所述,本研究拟探讨信息疫情、心理韧性与焦虑情绪的关系及其作用机制,并构建了一个有调节的中介模型(见图1)。
本研究选取2023年1—3月在疫情管控全面放开阶段的COVID-19患者为调查对象,采取方便抽样和滚雪球抽样相结合的方法进行匿名数据收集。考虑到疫情的易传染性,本研究通过问卷星平台发放和收集问卷。首先,采用方便抽样方法抽取300名患者作为“一级种子”,接着,通过教育与培训将“一级种子”发展为调查员,然后“一级种子”通过微信将调查问卷发布于自己所在的群组,选择该一级种子所在地区患病的亲属好友参加问卷调查。累计回收调查问卷1 777份,剔除答题时间不符、漏填、选项一致等无效问卷,回收有效问卷1 580份,有效回收率为88.9%。纳入标准:(1)患者知情同意;(2)符合《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案》内有关标准;(3)能正确阅读或语言交流,能使用手机完成网络填写或能在他人帮助下完成填写。排除标准:(1)有言语障碍、认知障碍和精神疾患者;(2)依从性较差者。
由研究者自行设计,包括性别、年龄、户籍、月收入、受教育程度等人口学特征资料、焦虑程度量表以及信息疫情相关条目。
(1)受教育程度。受教育程度是指按照国家的教育体制,个体所接受教育的最高学历。本研究参考相关文献[6],以本科为界将受教育程度划分为高、低两组,大专及以下为低受教育程度,用0表示;本科及以上为高受教育程度,用1表示,即高受教育程度和低受教育程度两个维度。
(2)焦虑程度。焦虑是指一种情绪状态,是个体经历的一种害怕、担忧、紧张、烦恼。参考相关研究[7]自行设计焦虑程度问卷,共18个条目,对可能影响COVID-19患者焦虑情绪产生的因素进行调查。涉及身体健康、工作生活、物资储备3个维度的焦虑。所有的条目按照其感受的符合的程度由弱到强1~5级计分。得分越高,表示其相对应的焦虑程度越高。总量表的KMO和Bartlett球形检验0.83(P<0.001),Cronbach α内部一致性系数为0.87,通过因子分析排除所编制各项目的因子负荷在0.5以下的条目,选取身体健康与工作生活维度共8个条目。
(3)信息疫情。本研究采用自行编制问卷信息疫情部分条目“您认为当前疫情背景下,我国面临的“信息疫情”是否严重?”根据既往研究[8],将类别变量条目重新编码为二分类变量(否=0,是=1),即为信息疫情不严重与信息疫情严重,仍可使用连续变量的有调节的中介模型分析方法进行分析。
采用Campbell-Sills[9]修改后的简版心理韧性量表,本研究条目设置根据所研究人群的情况进行适当调整,选取采用5点量表分级方法,分数越高,心理韧性程度越高。该量表的Cronbach α系数在本研究中为0.91,信度良好。
将问卷总填写时间小于600 s的样本剔除,并排除未感染COVID-19的调查对象。同时,为检验研究中共同方法偏差,采用Harman单因子检验法进行共同方法偏差检验,将所有题目放在一起进行探索性因子分析。结果表明,析出的特征值大于1的因子有5个,第一个因子解释的变异量为31.03%(<40%),表明不存在明显的共同方法偏差。
采用SPSS 26.0 对数据进行描述性统计,用ArcGIS 10.8 对全国范围内信息疫情严重情况和焦虑程度得分进行绘图,用Pearson相关方法分析各变量之间的相关关系,选择Hayes编写的PROCESS 4.1 插件采用Bootstrap法和简单斜率检验[10]分析心理韧性的中介效应和受教育程度的调节效应检验。本研究中所有的检验均为双侧检验,以P<0.05 为差异具有统计学意义。
共调查全国范围内被试者1 580人,平均年龄28±1.30岁,平均月收入4 400±1.199元。其中,男性572人,占36.20% ,女性1 008人,占63.80% ;城镇人口874人,占55.32%,农村人口706人,占44.68% 。对各省相关数据进行去极值后并通过ArcGIS 10.8进行可视化,结果显示感知信息疫情严重的人数有671人,占42.50%,感知信息疫情不严重的人数有909人,占比57.50%,重庆以及福建、广东等地信息疫情严重率高(见图2);各省份焦虑平均得分情况详见图3,得分排在首位的省份是新疆,其次主要集中于黄渤海及东南沿海省份。
研究发现信息疫情、心理韧性和焦虑程度两两之间的关系具有统计学意义,其中焦虑程度受到信息疫情(r=0.14, P<0.01)、心理韧性(r=- 0.28, P<0.01)、受教育程度(r=-0.05 , P<0.05)、性别、月收入等因素的影响;信息疫情则受到心理韧性(r=- 0.06 ,P<0.01)、受教育程度(r=0.05, P<0.05)、性别、月收入等因素的影响(见表1)。为明晰信息疫情、心理韧性及焦虑程度三者之间的关系,本研究后续将性别和月收入等变量作为控制变量进行处理。
本研究首先采用海斯(Hayes)编制的SPSS宏中的Model 4(Model 4为简单的中介模型),在控制性别、月收入的情况下对心理韧性在信息疫情与焦虑程度之间的中介效应进行检验。如表2所示,方程1显示信息疫情可正向预测焦虑 (β(95% CI)=1.94(1.25~2.63)),方程2表明信息疫情可以负向预测心理韧性 (β(95% CI)=-0.68(-1.12~-0.25))。方程3中将心理韧性纳入回归分析后,信息疫情仍能正向预测焦虑 (β(95% CI)=1.64(0.98~2.30)),且经过心理韧性负向预测焦虑的过程,降低了信息疫情对焦虑程度的正向预测作用 (β(95% CI)=-0.44(-0.51~-0.36))。见表2
为了提高中介效应研究的可靠性和准确性,本研究进一步采用偏差校正的百分位Bootstrap法进一步检验,重复取样5 000次,计算95%的置信区间。发现信息疫情对焦虑程度的总效应为1.94(95% CI:1.25~2.63),中介效应为0.30(95% CI:0.10~0.52),中介效应占总效应的15.40%(见表3)。结果表明心理韧性在信息疫情与焦虑程度可能起部分中介作用。
在中介效应验证的基础上,本研究对受教育程度的调节效应进行检验。首先,对自变量(心理韧性)和调节变量(焦虑程度)进行标准化处理;接着,将性别和月收入作为控制变量,根据有调节的中介模型检验程序[11],采用Process宏程序进行有调节的中介模型的验证,采用偏差矫正的百分位Bootstrap方法检验。
研究结果表明,使用Model 14(假设中介模型的后半段受到调节)进行模型检验的结果显著,即心理韧性和受教育程度的交互项对于焦虑程度(β(95% CI)=- 0.36 ( -0.56~-0.16 ), t=- 3.53 , P<0.001 )的影响具有统计学意义(见表4),表示受教育程度在中介模型的后半段路径中能削弱信息疫情对于焦虑程度的正向预测作用。
受教育程度调节的中介效应分析结果表明,低受教育程度组间接效应95% CI均包含0,高受教育程度组间接效应为0.34,95% CI均不包含0,在受教育程度上的有调节的中介效应为0.25,且95% 的置信区间均不包含0,说明高受教育程度组的间接效应成立,低受教育程度组的间接效应不成立,但是有调节的中介是成立的,说明信息疫情在对焦虑程度产生直接作用过程中受到受教育程度的调节,即随着受教育程度的提高,信息疫情对焦虑程度具有增强的预测作用。因此,调节变量对中介效应有显著调节作用,有调节的中介效应成立。见表5
为进一步明晰不同受教育程度水平上信息疫情对焦虑程度的影响,本研究进行了简单斜率分析。结果表明,与受教育程度高的患者相比,低受教育程度的患者其感知信息疫情严重程度对焦虑程度影响更强(见图4)。这表明随着信息疫情的加重,不同受教育程度的患者的焦虑程度呈上升趋势,但相对于高受教育程度者而言,受教育程度更低的患者其焦虑程度上升趋势更为明显。
本研究发现,以男性为参考,女性更能正向预测焦虑。一方面,男女性的生理构造存在差异。当遇到突发事件的时候,女性的去甲肾上腺素分泌多于男性,该激素会使情绪感知更强烈明显,而男性独有的睾丸激素对焦虑具有保护作用[12]。另一方面,男女性的社会角色和责任不同。在传染病大流行期间,女性比男性承担更多的家庭内外照护责任,面临更多的生育成本、更高的失业风险等诸多焦虑[13]。此外,本研究发现月收入越高的患者焦虑程度越低,这印证了Lee等人[14]的研究。可能原因是大流行期间许多人因工资较低、储蓄不足或失业危机而陷于经济困难的桎梏,导致焦虑情绪的进一步加重[15]。鉴于此,建议通过加强对妇幼保健的支持力度与经费保障,完善相应的应急补助与恢复机制来弥合性别因素导致的疫情焦虑。
此外,根据本研究调查的各省患者感知信息疫情严重率地图来看,广东COVID-19确诊人数最为严重且居高不下[16],加之人口基数大,且第一个放开疫情管控,信息疫情伴随着传染病疫情传播。由此可初步判断各地新冠肺炎严重程度与各地信息疫情严重程度挂钩[17]。既往研究[18]表明信息疫情具有地方性特点,且易反复发生在市县级地区,下一步主要方向要重视信息疫情全过程中的地方性谣言,建立起信息发布和及时辟谣的信息疫情地方治理体系。根据各省焦虑平均得分地图来看,焦虑平均得分最高的省份是新疆,可能原因一是新疆是我国陆上邻国最多的省份,受边境输入病例的影响[19];二是新疆气候干燥、沙尘天气频发,空气污染物和焦虑呈正相关[20],故进一步导致焦虑。结果显示沿海省份焦虑明显比内陆多。沿海省份经济相对发达,流动人口多,因疫情误工误产而造成的生活经济压力大,进而演变成厚重的焦虑情绪[21]。下一步在规范与完善地方突发公共卫生事件应急机制的同时也要关注流动人口异地患病的身心健康,及时做好物资补助与心理安抚。
本研究发现,信息疫情加剧了焦虑情绪的产生,这与假设H1相符。既往研究发现被检测出阳性的个体,其焦虑程度也会高于健康个体[22]。这说明面对海量的信息和混杂舆论,人们难免产生负性情绪,而处于暴风眼的患者往往会更加焦虑,相关部门在处置突发公共卫生事件的过程中,不仅要做好物资药品等实际的生活保障,更要关注社会公众的心理健康问题,及时进行舆论引导控制,给公众一颗“定心丸”。因此,一方面,采取适当的心理危机干预措施以减小消极情绪影响的放大化;另一方面,要提升信息疫情传播的网络监管与治理,提高信息质量,通过官媒发布信息等方式,及时向公众传达疫情信息,减少公众的盲目恐慌、焦虑。
如果说信息疫情是外来入侵者,焦虑情绪是内在的致郁因子,心理韧性便是他们面对的个体身心的第一防线。面对不确定性的突发公共卫生事件,迅速辨别、修整并复原,这就是心理韧性。本研究结果显示,心理韧性在信息疫情与公众焦虑程度间存在部分中介作用,这与假设H2一致。当加入心理韧性这一中介变量后,信息疫情通过心理韧性负向预测焦虑的发生。这印证了林周等人发现心理韧性在自变量与焦虑间起了部分中介效应结果[23]。因此,应该积极开展韧性教育提升公众的心理韧性度使他们以积极的方式面对和处理突发公共卫生事件。
本研究发现,在控制相关变量后,受教育程度在信息疫情与焦虑程度关系中起显著的调节作用,调节该模型的后半段路径,假设H3成立。简单斜率图显示,随着信息疫情的加重,公众焦虑程度不断提高,而受教育程度低者的焦虑程度总是高于受教育程度高者。可能原因在受教育程度高的个体,认知面更广,具有更强的辨别信息谣言真假的能力和渠道,电子健康素养也高[24],在一定程度上意味着收入高,有利于获得更多的物资治疗与心理关怀,进而减轻焦虑的情绪。而受教育程度低的个体,获取信息的渠道狭窄,识别和处理冗杂信息的能力有限,经常面临更严重的健康威胁、经济能力不足等问题,在面对信息疫情的洪流时,加剧了信息不对称的问题,更担忧被感染,导致更多的焦虑[3]。因此,未来可通过加大教育宣传力度,制定公众信息素养教育的政策等途径来实现公众信息素养的提升。
本研究仍有以下不足:由于方便抽样与滚雪球抽样是非随机性抽样,并非覆盖全国所有的COVID-19患者,研究结果不能作为各地信息疫情严重情况和COVID-19患者焦虑程度的精准测量,只可作统计推断使用。另一方面,本研究为横断面研究,反映疫情全面放开后的个体心理状态,若要全面探索在疫情发展的不同阶段个体心理状态,未来还需扩大样本量,开展多阶段对比调查,进一步论证信息疫情的影响因素以及对公众情绪的影响机制。
  • 黑龙江省公共健康安全及医改策略高端智库研究项目(ZKWT10131)
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2024年第51卷第6期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309448
  • 接收时间:2023-09-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-25
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黑龙江省公共健康安全及医改策略高端智库研究项目(ZKWT10131)
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    1.哈尔滨医科大学卫生管理学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081
    2.南方医科大学第五附属医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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