Article(id=1240375281614123449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309049, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693756800000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658112194, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658112194, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658112194, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658112194, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375270163673092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='8', pageStart='1345', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658109465, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658579758, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377242795176418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375270163673092, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1431, endPage=1434, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375282679476695, articleId=1240375281614123449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Analyses of stunting among students in Nutrition Improvement Program areas, Henan, 2012-2021, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the changes of stunting among primary and secondary school students in the areas of Nutrition Improvement Programme for rural Compulsory Education Students in Henan Province from 2012 to 2021, so as to provide a basis for improving malnutrition and promoting healthy growth of students.

Methods

A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 10% of primary and junior high schools from 28 monitoring counties in Henan Province, with no less than 40 students in each grade, a total of 1 198 228 students were sampled in 8 years, and their heights were measured to analyse the stunting situation.

Results

The rates of stunting among students in the monitoring areas of Henan Province were 1.33%, 1.23%, 1.08%, 0.74%, 0.87%, 0.71%, 0.80% and 0.43% from 2012 to 2021, showing a fluctuating downward trend. The overall rate was higher for girls (1.09%) than for boys (0.85%) (χ2=189.596, P<0.05), and for primary schools (0.99%) than for lower secondary schools (0.79%) (χ2=61.862, P<0.05). The rates of stunting in both boys and girls, in primary and junior high school, and in all age groups basically showed a fluctuating downward trend among different years (P<0.05). The rate of stunting in all years showed a decreasing and then increasing trend in the age group of 6~12 years old, then an increasing trend after a decrease in the age group of 13 years old, and then a maximum in the age group of 16 years old.

Conclusion

The rate of stunting among students in the Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students in Henan Province from 2012 to 2021 shows a fluctuating downward trend, but there is still a certain percentage, which requires targeted intervention policies.

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目的

了解2012—2021年河南省农村义务教育学生营养改善计划地区中小学生生长迟缓变化情况,为改善营养不良促进学生健康成长提供依据。

方法

采用分层随机整群抽样,分别从河南省29个监测县抽取10%的小学和初中,每个年级不低于40人,8年共抽取学生1 198 228人,对其身高进行测量,分析生长迟缓情况。

结果

2012—2021年河南省监测地区学生生长迟缓检出率分别为1.33%, 1.23%, 1.08%, 0.74%, 0.87%, 0.71%, 0.80%, 0.43%,呈波动式下降趋势。总体检出率女生(1.09%)高于男生(0.85%)(χ2=189.596, P<0.05),小学(0.99%)高于初中(0.79%)(χ2=61.862, P<0.05)。男、女生,小学、初中阶段、各年龄组在不同年份间的生长迟缓检出率基本均呈波动式下降趋势(P均<0.05)。各年份生长迟缓检出率6~12岁呈先下降后上升趋势,13岁下降后又呈上升趋势,16岁升至最高。

结论

2012—2021年河南省农村义务教育学生营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓检出率呈波动式下降趋势,但仍有一定的比例,需采取针对性的干预政策。

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张书芳,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=8tG07XaFETrvs+Up3uBoXg==, magXml=ftvptaHSX91gt/nom0CHUQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=UI8l0iEbeX7YJwSF9Ll02g==, pdfFileSize=611552, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Z97HIPGiPAljcBAc6KcZyA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=NyybQdGWQf95zoTcFtNOFg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李凤娟(1987—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:学校与儿少卫生研究

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Nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Daxing District of Beijing from 2012-2018[J]. Occupation and Health, 2019, 35(8): 1108-1111, 1115., articleTitle=Nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Daxing District of Beijing from 2012-2018, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240748862172877783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375281614123449, awardId=LHGJ20220175, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省医学科技攻关计划(联合共建)项目(LHGJ20220175), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240748862281929696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375281614123449, awardId=222102310472, language=CN, fundingSource=河南省科技攻关项目(222102310472), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240748857865327241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375281614123449, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748857877910154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375281614123449, companyId=1240748857865327241, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Public Health, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240748857886298763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375281614123449, companyId=1240748857865327241, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=河南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所,河南 郑州 450016)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240748861430485901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375281614123449, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The general situation of stunting among students of different genders and stages in the districts of the Student Nutrition Improvement Programme 2012-2021, figureFileSmall=axRcJUvgZl9qg2410S7iwQ==, figureFileBig=RfgR85fXLPutmaAZO2JYoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748861526954906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375281614123449, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2012—2021年河南省学生营养改善计划地区不同性别、学段学生生长迟缓总体情况, figureFileSmall=axRcJUvgZl9qg2410S7iwQ==, figureFileBig=RfgR85fXLPutmaAZO2JYoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748861619229610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375281614123449, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Overall stunting among students in the Student Nutrition Improvement Programme areas of Henan Province, 2012-2021, figureFileSmall=jGlTbaUDPv3Lu72Q23DqoA==, figureFileBig=vJ1WZhVOWZqgqJaazSD5dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748861707310004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375281614123449, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2012—2021年河南省学生营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓总体情况, figureFileSmall=jGlTbaUDPv3Lu72Q23DqoA==, figureFileBig=vJ1WZhVOWZqgqJaazSD5dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240748861807973310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375281614123449, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Stunting of children in different years in the areas of the Student Nutrition Improvement Programme (SNIP) in Henan Province, 2012—2021 [n/N(%)]

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人口学特征2012年2013年2014年2015年
性别
12 289/111 755(1.10)1 122/102 073(1.10)981/101 338(0.97)645/96 000(0.67)
1 671/105 498(1.58)1 275/93 231(1.37)1 116/92 388(1.21)705/86 223(0.82)
χ296.991a28.946a25.977a13.126a
学段
小学2 701/193 872(1.39)2 106/169 898(1.24)1 877/163 050(1.15)1 150/152 404(0.75)
初中198/23 381(0.85)291/25 406(1.15)220/30 676(0.72)200/29 819(0.67)
χ2247.304a1.61745.420a2.385
年龄
6岁468/27 716(1.69)279/23 342(1.2)276/24 476(1.13)99/21 269(0.47)
7岁195/28 939(0.67)207/29 354(0.71)175/27 806(0.63)65/27 251(0.24)
8岁94/30 516(0.31)94/27 300(0.34)77/27 679(0.28)50/25 803(0.19)
9岁344/29 936(1.15)323/28 408(1.14)221/24 389(0.91)158/25 564(0.62)
10岁507/29 227(1.8)520/25 208(2.06)410/24 965(1.64)307/22 160(1.39)
11岁396/25 772(1.54)282/20 375(1.38)280/20 109(1.39)215/20 145(1.07)
12岁490/19 738(2.48)265/15 057(1.76)343/15 285(2.24)220/13 745(1.60)
13岁155/11 964(1.3)129/10 966(1.18)100/11 843(0.84)56/10 686(0.52)
14岁115/8 565(1.34)86/8 275(1.04)78/9 601(0.81)36/8 979(0.40)
15岁74/4 323(1.71)117/5 254(2.23)87/5 746(1.51)72/5 066(1.42)
16岁61/1 557(3.92)95/1 765(5.38)50/1 827(2.74)72/1 555(4.63)
χ2709.361a725.564a581.301a890.943a
人口学特征2016年2017年2019年2021年2趋
性别
311/44 394(0.70)357/52 674(0.68)395/55 353(0.71)226/58 194(0.39)401.349a
430/41 085(1.05)359/48 049(0.75)477/53 894(0.89)267/56 079(0.48)644.965a
χ229.736a1.71510.139a5.120a
学段
小学647/74 544(0.87)549/84 239(0.65)731/93 134(0.78)425/93 517(0.45)977.975a
初中94/10 935(0.86)167/16 484(1.01)141/16 113(0.88)68/20 756(0.33)117.939a
χ20.00825.510a1.4116.362a
年龄
6岁60/8 586(0.70)47/9 949(0.47)17/4 154(0.41)30/9 856(0.30)309.696a
7岁38/13 656(0.28)34/15 062(0.23)79/15 479(0.51)30/15 561(0.19)160.808a
8岁38/13 656(0.28)17/15 376(0.11)32/16 272(0.20)14/15 793(0.09)49.996a
9岁116/12 682(0.91)98/15 167(0.65)120/16 484(0.73)84/16 813(0.50)110.097a
10岁170/12 053(1.41)151/13 174(1.15)190/16 633(1.14)127/15 834(0.80)154.064a
11岁108/8 816(1.23)114/10 915(1.04)138/14 326(0.96)70/13 945(0.50)106.653a
12岁97/6 188(1.57)64/6 962(0.92)118/9 974(1.18)62/10 230(0.61)214.866a
13岁23/3 691(0.62)31/5 843(0.53)36/5 738(0.63)18/7 479(0.24)105.126a
14岁20/3 472(0.58)38/4 786(0.79)25/4 910(0.51)19/6 104(0.31)84.559a
15岁35/1 945(1.80)58/2 553(2.27)69/3 932(1.75)28/2 420(1.16)21.223a
16岁36/734(4.90)64/936(6.84)48/1 345(3.57)11/238(4.62)33.103a
χ2368.127a783.599a331.109a264.205a
), ArticleFig(id=1240748861921219526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375281614123449, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2012—2021年河南省学生营养改善计划地区不同年份儿童生长迟缓情况[n/N(%)]

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人口学特征2012年2013年2014年2015年
性别
12 289/111 755(1.10)1 122/102 073(1.10)981/101 338(0.97)645/96 000(0.67)
1 671/105 498(1.58)1 275/93 231(1.37)1 116/92 388(1.21)705/86 223(0.82)
χ296.991a28.946a25.977a13.126a
学段
小学2 701/193 872(1.39)2 106/169 898(1.24)1 877/163 050(1.15)1 150/152 404(0.75)
初中198/23 381(0.85)291/25 406(1.15)220/30 676(0.72)200/29 819(0.67)
χ2247.304a1.61745.420a2.385
年龄
6岁468/27 716(1.69)279/23 342(1.2)276/24 476(1.13)99/21 269(0.47)
7岁195/28 939(0.67)207/29 354(0.71)175/27 806(0.63)65/27 251(0.24)
8岁94/30 516(0.31)94/27 300(0.34)77/27 679(0.28)50/25 803(0.19)
9岁344/29 936(1.15)323/28 408(1.14)221/24 389(0.91)158/25 564(0.62)
10岁507/29 227(1.8)520/25 208(2.06)410/24 965(1.64)307/22 160(1.39)
11岁396/25 772(1.54)282/20 375(1.38)280/20 109(1.39)215/20 145(1.07)
12岁490/19 738(2.48)265/15 057(1.76)343/15 285(2.24)220/13 745(1.60)
13岁155/11 964(1.3)129/10 966(1.18)100/11 843(0.84)56/10 686(0.52)
14岁115/8 565(1.34)86/8 275(1.04)78/9 601(0.81)36/8 979(0.40)
15岁74/4 323(1.71)117/5 254(2.23)87/5 746(1.51)72/5 066(1.42)
16岁61/1 557(3.92)95/1 765(5.38)50/1 827(2.74)72/1 555(4.63)
χ2709.361a725.564a581.301a890.943a
人口学特征2016年2017年2019年2021年2趋
性别
311/44 394(0.70)357/52 674(0.68)395/55 353(0.71)226/58 194(0.39)401.349a
430/41 085(1.05)359/48 049(0.75)477/53 894(0.89)267/56 079(0.48)644.965a
χ229.736a1.71510.139a5.120a
学段
小学647/74 544(0.87)549/84 239(0.65)731/93 134(0.78)425/93 517(0.45)977.975a
初中94/10 935(0.86)167/16 484(1.01)141/16 113(0.88)68/20 756(0.33)117.939a
χ20.00825.510a1.4116.362a
年龄
6岁60/8 586(0.70)47/9 949(0.47)17/4 154(0.41)30/9 856(0.30)309.696a
7岁38/13 656(0.28)34/15 062(0.23)79/15 479(0.51)30/15 561(0.19)160.808a
8岁38/13 656(0.28)17/15 376(0.11)32/16 272(0.20)14/15 793(0.09)49.996a
9岁116/12 682(0.91)98/15 167(0.65)120/16 484(0.73)84/16 813(0.50)110.097a
10岁170/12 053(1.41)151/13 174(1.15)190/16 633(1.14)127/15 834(0.80)154.064a
11岁108/8 816(1.23)114/10 915(1.04)138/14 326(0.96)70/13 945(0.50)106.653a
12岁97/6 188(1.57)64/6 962(0.92)118/9 974(1.18)62/10 230(0.61)214.866a
13岁23/3 691(0.62)31/5 843(0.53)36/5 738(0.63)18/7 479(0.24)105.126a
14岁20/3 472(0.58)38/4 786(0.79)25/4 910(0.51)19/6 104(0.31)84.559a
15岁35/1 945(1.80)58/2 553(2.27)69/3 932(1.75)28/2 420(1.16)21.223a
16岁36/734(4.90)64/936(6.84)48/1 345(3.57)11/238(4.62)33.103a
χ2368.127a783.599a331.109a264.205a
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2012—2021年河南省营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓情况分析
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李凤娟 , 王丽茹 , 许凤鸣 , 刘晶晶 , 王旭 , 王延鑫 , 张书芳
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024,51(8): 1431-1434
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现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2024, 51(8): 1431-1434
2012—2021年河南省营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓情况分析
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李凤娟, 王丽茹, 许凤鸣, 刘晶晶, 王旭, 王延鑫, 张书芳
作者信息
  • 河南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所,河南 郑州 450016
  • 李凤娟(1987—),女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:学校与儿少卫生研究

通讯作者:

张书芳,E-mail:
Analyses of stunting among students in Nutrition Improvement Program areas, Henan, 2012-2021
Feng-juan LI, Li-ru WANG, Feng-ming XU, Jing-jing LIU, Xu WANG, Yan-xin WANG, Shu-fang ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Institute of Public Health, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450016, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309049
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目的

了解2012—2021年河南省农村义务教育学生营养改善计划地区中小学生生长迟缓变化情况,为改善营养不良促进学生健康成长提供依据。

方法

采用分层随机整群抽样,分别从河南省29个监测县抽取10%的小学和初中,每个年级不低于40人,8年共抽取学生1 198 228人,对其身高进行测量,分析生长迟缓情况。

结果

2012—2021年河南省监测地区学生生长迟缓检出率分别为1.33%, 1.23%, 1.08%, 0.74%, 0.87%, 0.71%, 0.80%, 0.43%,呈波动式下降趋势。总体检出率女生(1.09%)高于男生(0.85%)(χ2=189.596, P<0.05),小学(0.99%)高于初中(0.79%)(χ2=61.862, P<0.05)。男、女生,小学、初中阶段、各年龄组在不同年份间的生长迟缓检出率基本均呈波动式下降趋势(P均<0.05)。各年份生长迟缓检出率6~12岁呈先下降后上升趋势,13岁下降后又呈上升趋势,16岁升至最高。

结论

2012—2021年河南省农村义务教育学生营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓检出率呈波动式下降趋势,但仍有一定的比例,需采取针对性的干预政策。

农村  /  中小学生  /  生长迟缓
Objective

To understand the changes of stunting among primary and secondary school students in the areas of Nutrition Improvement Programme for rural Compulsory Education Students in Henan Province from 2012 to 2021, so as to provide a basis for improving malnutrition and promoting healthy growth of students.

Methods

A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 10% of primary and junior high schools from 28 monitoring counties in Henan Province, with no less than 40 students in each grade, a total of 1 198 228 students were sampled in 8 years, and their heights were measured to analyse the stunting situation.

Results

The rates of stunting among students in the monitoring areas of Henan Province were 1.33%, 1.23%, 1.08%, 0.74%, 0.87%, 0.71%, 0.80% and 0.43% from 2012 to 2021, showing a fluctuating downward trend. The overall rate was higher for girls (1.09%) than for boys (0.85%) (χ2=189.596, P<0.05), and for primary schools (0.99%) than for lower secondary schools (0.79%) (χ2=61.862, P<0.05). The rates of stunting in both boys and girls, in primary and junior high school, and in all age groups basically showed a fluctuating downward trend among different years (P<0.05). The rate of stunting in all years showed a decreasing and then increasing trend in the age group of 6~12 years old, then an increasing trend after a decrease in the age group of 13 years old, and then a maximum in the age group of 16 years old.

Conclusion

The rate of stunting among students in the Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students in Henan Province from 2012 to 2021 shows a fluctuating downward trend, but there is still a certain percentage, which requires targeted intervention policies.

Rural  /  Primary and secondary school students  /  Stunting
李凤娟, 王丽茹, 许凤鸣, 刘晶晶, 王旭, 王延鑫, 张书芳. 2012—2021年河南省营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓情况分析. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1431 -1434 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309049
Feng-juan LI, Li-ru WANG, Feng-ming XU, Jing-jing LIU, Xu WANG, Yan-xin WANG, Shu-fang ZHANG. Analyses of stunting among students in Nutrition Improvement Program areas, Henan, 2012-2021[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (8) : 1431 -1434 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309049
近些年来,我国儿童营养状况得到明显改善,身高和体重不断增加的同时,也面临着营养不足、微量营养素不足和超重肥胖的三重挑战[1]。生长迟缓是长期营养不足的一种表现,近年来虽呈降低趋势,但依然存在[2]。良好的营养能够帮助儿童改善生长迟缓[3]。从2011年秋季起,我国开始启动农村义务教育学生营养改善计划(以下简称“计划”),以提高农村学生健康水平。本研究对河南省2012—2021年河南省计划地区6~16岁中小学生生长迟缓情况进行了分析。
河南省2012—2021年参与“计划”的29个监测县学生资料。每个县每年按照《农村义务教育学生营养改善计划营养健康状况评估技术方案》要求,按照不同供餐模式及城乡地域,抽取本县10%左右的小学和初中。每所学校每个年级以班为单位采取分层整群抽样,每个年级不低于40人,男女各半。共调查学生1 198 228人,年龄6~16岁。各年度各监测点学校基本保持一致。
儿童身高测量按照《学生健康检查技术规范》(GB/T 26343—2010)[4]进行,采用机械式身高计,要求受检者赤足、穿薄衣、女生解发辫,在晨起空腹状态下进行测量,精确到0.1cm。测试前均经过学生及家长知情同意。
依据《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》(WS/T456—2014)[5],以身高小于或等于相应性别、年龄组身高界值判断为生长迟缓。
严格按照《农村义务教育学生营养改善计划营养健康状况评估技术方案》要求,身高测量人员均为卫生专业技术人员,经过省、市、县统一培训,培训合格后方可参加现场调查。测量仪器在每次测量前均进行校准。
所有数据均通过“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划健康状况监测评估系统”进行录入与上报,通过中国疾病预防控制中心清理后返回各省。采用SPSS 19.0进行统计分析,采用χ2检验对不同性别、学段、年份、年龄学生生长迟缓检出率进行分析,采用χ2趋势检验对生长迟缓检出率变化趋势进行分析。检验水准α=0.05。
对2012—2021年河南省“计划”地区学生生长迟缓情况进行分析,结果显示,除2017年外,女生各年份生长迟缓检出率均高于男生(P均<0.05)。2012年、2014年及2021年小学阶段各年份生长迟缓检出率(1.39%, 1.15%, 0.45%)均高于初中(0.85%, 0.72%, 0.33%)(P均<0.05),2017年生长迟缓检出率初中阶段(1.01%)高于小学(0.65%)(P<0.05)。不同年份中生长迟缓检出率基本为6~12岁呈现先下降后上升,12岁达到高峰;13岁降到低点,然后又逐渐上升,在16岁达到最高峰(P均<0.05)。各性别、学段、年龄生长迟缓检出率在年份中的差别均具有统计学意义,且均为2021年检出率最低(16岁除外)(P均<0.05)。详见表1
1 198 228名受检学生中,2012—2021年生长迟缓总体检出率0.97%,女生(1.09%)高于男生(0.85%)(χ2=189.596,P<0.05),小学阶段(0.99%)高于初中(0.79%)(χ2=61.862,P<0.05),2012—2021年生长迟缓检出率总体呈波动式下降的趋势(1.33%~0.43%)(P<0.05)。详见图1图2
儿童生长迟缓不仅不利于身体健康,制约学习和认知能力发展,还会影响成年期的身高,增加成年期慢性病的发病风险[6]。本研究观察到2012—2021年河南省计划地区中小学生生长迟缓检出率呈波动式下降趋势,与全国农村数据结果一致[6-8],生长迟缓检出率与中国体质调研[8]、河南省体质调研[9]的结果持平,但低于中国“计划”地区[6]、四川省[10]、湖南省[11]、安徽省[12]、广东省[13]等地的结果。这与我省“计划”工作的扎实到位有一定的关系。另外,近年来我省相继实施了一系列针对中小学生饮食方面的政策,比如农村学校食堂建设、中小学校食堂等级化评定等,注重营养和食物的多元化搭配[9]。这些措施都对中小学生营养不足的改善起了积极的作用,极大地保证了他们的健康成长。
本研究通过对各年份不同人口学特征人群生长迟缓检出率进行比较分析,结果显示,女生生长迟缓检出率高于男生,这与张彦勤[9]、曾婕[14]的研究结果一致,可能与女生月经等生理原因及过分注重体型而发生节食减肥而男生会更注重饮食平衡和经常运动[15]等现象有关。本研究小学阶段生长迟缓检出率高于初中,与其他多数研究[91113-14]结果一致。不同年份中生长迟缓检出率基本为6~12岁先下降后上升,12岁达到高峰;13岁降到低点,又逐渐上升,在16岁达到最高峰,与广东省[13]结果基本一致,可能与年龄较小的孩子容易出现挑食偏食的行为,且身高矮容易被家长忽视[13]有关,9~12岁孩子进入青春期,身高出现生长突增,营养需求加大而营养摄入不足,所以生长迟缓检出率升高。高年龄段孩子学习压力增大,体力脑力消耗大,多住校,食堂饮食结构单一导致营养摄入不足,且爱美意识增强有意控制体重而导致营养不足[15]也是因素之一。
综上所述,河南省农村义务教育学生营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓检出率处于全国较低水平,但仍不可忽视。应进一步加强和完善农村义务教育学生营养改善计划工作,重视学生营养健康监测,持续提升农村学生营养状况和身体素质。继续加强营养健康教育,让学校和家庭认识均衡饮食的重要性,根据学生营养需求提供更多样化的食物,让儿童了解和掌握更多营养知识,,从小养成健康的饮食行为。持续关注生长迟缓发生原因,针对不同时期不同人群制定针对性干预措施,家庭-学校-社会联合起来,共同保证中小学生健康成长。
  • 河南省医学科技攻关计划(联合共建)项目(LHGJ20220175)
  • 河南省科技攻关项目(222102310472)
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2024年第51卷第8期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202309049
  • 接收时间:2023-09-04
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-04
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河南省医学科技攻关计划(联合共建)项目(LHGJ20220175)
河南省科技攻关项目(222102310472)
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    河南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所,河南 郑州 450016

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张书芳,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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