Article(id=1240375116413063573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308193, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691683200000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773658072807, onlineDateStr=2026-03-16, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773658072807, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773658072807, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658072807, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240375105386238038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2024', volume='51', issue='6', pageStart='961', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773658070179, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773658539618, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240377074414833974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240377074414833975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1240375105386238038, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=970, endPage=973, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240375116765385136, articleId=1240375116413063573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Bidirectional causal relationship between multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease based on Mendelian randomization, columnId=1228016567443718970, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Epidemiology and Statistical Methods Advances, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the bidirectional causal relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

The dataset was pooled by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), of which MS data contained 14 498 samples and IBD data contained 24 865 samples, including 6 968 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) and 17 897 cases of Crohn’s disease (CD). Random effect inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median (WME), MR-Egger regression, and weighted model were used for MR Analysis.

Results

MS was found to increase the risk of UC (IVW: OR=1.108; 95% CI: 1.012-1.213; P<0.05), but not associated with the risk of CD (IVW: OR=1.021; 95% CI: 0.926-1.127; P>0.05); UC also increased the risk of MS, and the two were causal (IVW: OR=1.096; 95% CI: 1.027-1.169; P<0.05), and CD was associated with an increased risk of MS (IVW: OR=1.133; 95% CI: 1.003-1.279; P<0.05). After the MR-Egger regression intercept item test, it was found that there was no horizontal pleiotropy (P>0.05). The heterogeneity test results were all <0.001, so we should pay more attention to the random effects IVW model.

Conclusion

MS is associated with an increased risk of UC, but the effect on CD is not significant. IBD increases the risk of developing MS.

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目的

探究多发性硬化症(MS)与炎症性肠病(IBD)之间的双向因果关系。

方法

通过全基因组关联研究(GWAS)汇总数据集,其中MS数据包含14 498例样本,IBD数据包含24 865例样本,包括溃疡性结肠炎(UC)6 968例,克罗恩病(CD)17 897例。采用随机效应逆方差加权法(IVW)、加权中位数法(WME)、MR-Egger回归和加权模型进行MR分析。

结果

发现MS会增加UC的患病风险(IVW:OR =1.108;95%CI:1.012~1.213;P<0.05),但与CD的患病风险无关(IVW:OR =1.021;95%CI:0.926~1.127;P>0.05);UC亦会增加患MS的风险,两者互为因果(IVW:OR =1.096;95%CI:1.027~1.169;P<0.05),且CD会增加患MS的风险(IVW:OR =1.133;95%CI:1.003~1.279;P<0.05)。经MR-Egger回归截距项检验,发现不存在水平多效性(P>0.05);异质性检验结果P值均<0.001,故应重点关注随机效应IVW模型。

结论

MS会导致患UC的风险升高,而对CD的效应不显著;IBD会增加MS患病风险。

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吕冠华,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=3O1a/grz3FwCPYRlXfUjxA==, magXml=zEOpDIfaNZfLEWFvtfb4dA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=68rJDyoPaseVPI+8fVwEMg==, pdfFileSize=700138, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Ya9yYzaJVKWRd5HyLzZ76Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=WXBZjIqPace/zlxpjJhaEg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

郭文昭(1997—),男,博士在读,研究方向:中西医结合治疗消化疾病

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Scientific Reports, 2023, 13(1): 18421., articleTitle=Mucosal expression of PI3, ANXA1, and VDR discriminates Crohn’s disease from ulcerative colitis, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240746311146852693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, awardId=辽中医药发 [2022]1号, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省名中医传承工作室建设项目(辽中医药发 [2022]1号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240746311213961562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, awardId=2022-BLGC-005, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院伯乐工程专项(2022-BLGC-005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240746311394316640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, awardId=2023-LZYY-1-25, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院育苗工程项目(2023-LZYY-1-25), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240746307019657278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240746307028045890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, companyId=1240746307019657278, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Graduate School, Liaoning University of Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240746307036434498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, companyId=1240746307019657278, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.辽宁中医药大学研究生学院,辽宁 沈阳 110847)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240746307132903501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240746307141292111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, companyId=1240746307132903501, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.辽宁中医药大学中医学院)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240746307246149717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240746307254538326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, companyId=1240746307246149717, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240746309498491131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic of two-sample MR analysis, figureFileSmall=ZBW9rYukQSbGT0DBhEOR7g==, figureFileBig=zjldKCvlJ+SFLKRlDCp4pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240746309590765822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=CN, label=图1, caption=两样本MR分析示意图

注:MS,多发性硬化症;IBD,炎症性肠病;SNPs,单核苷酸多态性;MR,孟德尔随机化。

, figureFileSmall=ZBW9rYukQSbGT0DBhEOR7g==, figureFileBig=zjldKCvlJ+SFLKRlDCp4pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240746309724983564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=MR analysis funnel diagram, figureFileSmall=BOQpcAvRH19mgzrtjkurLg==, figureFileBig=BWwE7FKDAgLKyhfRlJoEdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240746309825646864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=CN, label=图2, caption=MR分析漏斗图

注:A、B表示MS为暴露时UC、CD的结果;C、D表示UC、CD为暴露时MS的结果。

, figureFileSmall=BOQpcAvRH19mgzrtjkurLg==, figureFileBig=BWwE7FKDAgLKyhfRlJoEdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240746309930504471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=MR analysis scatter chart, figureFileSmall=pemmMkI38XrWyFFdRwHUlw==, figureFileBig=HP4FYSa46x0bQlpZ2wTJfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240746310035362078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=CN, label=图3, caption=MR分析散点图

注:A、B表示MS为暴露时UC、CD的结果;C、D表示UC、CD为暴露时MS的结果。

, figureFileSmall=pemmMkI38XrWyFFdRwHUlw==, figureFileBig=HP4FYSa46x0bQlpZ2wTJfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240746310152802594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Result of "leave-one-out" sensitivity analysis, figureFileSmall=aK0k6Wv838b/Rj01EksFBw==, figureFileBig=+YlMDZ7lR0+HlyT6BdFd7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240746310257660203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=CN, label=图4, caption=“leave-one-out”敏感性分析结果

注:A、B表示MS为暴露时UC、CD的结果;C、D表示UC、CD为暴露时MS的结果。

, figureFileSmall=aK0k6Wv838b/Rj01EksFBw==, figureFileBig=+YlMDZ7lR0+HlyT6BdFd7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240746310370906416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

MR-Egger regression intercept term test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露结局SNPs个数截距项P
MSUC460.0040.813
CD450.0190.252
UCMS300.0130.541
CD1140.0390.082
), ArticleFig(id=1240746310471569716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

MR-Egger回归截距项检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露结局SNPs个数截距项P
MSUC460.0040.813
CD450.0190.252
UCMS300.0130.541
CD1140.0390.082
), ArticleFig(id=1240746310568038713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of MS and IBD MR analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露结局方法βSEOR(95% CI)P
MSUCMR - Egger0.0830.0951.086(0.902~1.308)0.387
WME0.1380.0401.148(1.061~1.242)<0.001
IVW0.1030.0461.108(1.012~1.213)0.027
加权模型0.1020.0431.107(1.018~1.204)0.022
CDMR - Egger-0.0820.1020.922(0.755~1.125)0.426
WME-0.1130.0260.893(0.848~0.940)<0.001
IVW0.0210.0501.021(0.926~1.127)0.671
加权模型-0.1060.0250.899(0.856~0.944)<0.001
UCMSMR - Egger0.0250.1121.025(0.822~1.279)0.829
WME0.0650.0281.067(1.011~1.126)0.019
IVW0.0910.0331.096(1.027~1.169)0.006
加权模型0.0580.0381.059(0.984~1.141)0.139
CDMR - Egger-0.1550.1710.857(0.613~1.197)0.367
WME0.1130.0261.120(1.064~1.178)<0.001
IVW0.1250.0621.133(1.003~1.279)0.045
加权模型0.0950.0301.100(1.037~1.166)0.002
), ArticleFig(id=1240746310689673534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

MS与IBD MR分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露结局方法βSEOR(95% CI)P
MSUCMR - Egger0.0830.0951.086(0.902~1.308)0.387
WME0.1380.0401.148(1.061~1.242)<0.001
IVW0.1030.0461.108(1.012~1.213)0.027
加权模型0.1020.0431.107(1.018~1.204)0.022
CDMR - Egger-0.0820.1020.922(0.755~1.125)0.426
WME-0.1130.0260.893(0.848~0.940)<0.001
IVW0.0210.0501.021(0.926~1.127)0.671
加权模型-0.1060.0250.899(0.856~0.944)<0.001
UCMSMR - Egger0.0250.1121.025(0.822~1.279)0.829
WME0.0650.0281.067(1.011~1.126)0.019
IVW0.0910.0331.096(1.027~1.169)0.006
加权模型0.0580.0381.059(0.984~1.141)0.139
CDMR - Egger-0.1550.1710.857(0.613~1.197)0.367
WME0.1130.0261.120(1.064~1.178)<0.001
IVW0.1250.0621.133(1.003~1.279)0.045
加权模型0.0950.0301.100(1.037~1.166)0.002
), ArticleFig(id=1240746310807114053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of Cochran Q test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露结局Cochran QP
MSUC170.1<0.001
CD598.9<0.001
UCMS84.3<0.001
CD2 280.0<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1240746310891000138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1240375116413063573, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Cochran Q检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
暴露结局Cochran QP
MSUC170.1<0.001
CD598.9<0.001
UCMS84.3<0.001
CD2 280.0<0.001
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基于孟德尔随机化探究多发性硬化症与炎症性肠病的双向因果关系
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郭文昭 1 , 范颖 2 , 李笑 1 , 吕冠华 3
现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024,51(6): 970-973
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现代预防医学 | 流行病与统计方法 2024, 51(6): 970-973
基于孟德尔随机化探究多发性硬化症与炎症性肠病的双向因果关系
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郭文昭1, 范颖2, 李笑1, 吕冠华3
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁中医药大学研究生学院,辽宁 沈阳 110847
  • 2.辽宁中医药大学中医学院
  • 3.辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院
  • 郭文昭(1997—),男,博士在读,研究方向:中西医结合治疗消化疾病

通讯作者:

吕冠华,E-mail:
Bidirectional causal relationship between multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease based on Mendelian randomization
Wen-zhao GUO1, Ying FAN2, Xiao LI1, Guan-hua LV3
Affiliations
  • Department of Graduate School, Liaoning University of Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110847, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308193
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目的

探究多发性硬化症(MS)与炎症性肠病(IBD)之间的双向因果关系。

方法

通过全基因组关联研究(GWAS)汇总数据集,其中MS数据包含14 498例样本,IBD数据包含24 865例样本,包括溃疡性结肠炎(UC)6 968例,克罗恩病(CD)17 897例。采用随机效应逆方差加权法(IVW)、加权中位数法(WME)、MR-Egger回归和加权模型进行MR分析。

结果

发现MS会增加UC的患病风险(IVW:OR =1.108;95%CI:1.012~1.213;P<0.05),但与CD的患病风险无关(IVW:OR =1.021;95%CI:0.926~1.127;P>0.05);UC亦会增加患MS的风险,两者互为因果(IVW:OR =1.096;95%CI:1.027~1.169;P<0.05),且CD会增加患MS的风险(IVW:OR =1.133;95%CI:1.003~1.279;P<0.05)。经MR-Egger回归截距项检验,发现不存在水平多效性(P>0.05);异质性检验结果P值均<0.001,故应重点关注随机效应IVW模型。

结论

MS会导致患UC的风险升高,而对CD的效应不显著;IBD会增加MS患病风险。

多发性硬化症  /  炎症性肠病  /  孟德尔随机化
Objective

To explore the bidirectional causal relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

The dataset was pooled by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), of which MS data contained 14 498 samples and IBD data contained 24 865 samples, including 6 968 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) and 17 897 cases of Crohn’s disease (CD). Random effect inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median (WME), MR-Egger regression, and weighted model were used for MR Analysis.

Results

MS was found to increase the risk of UC (IVW: OR=1.108; 95% CI: 1.012-1.213; P<0.05), but not associated with the risk of CD (IVW: OR=1.021; 95% CI: 0.926-1.127; P>0.05); UC also increased the risk of MS, and the two were causal (IVW: OR=1.096; 95% CI: 1.027-1.169; P<0.05), and CD was associated with an increased risk of MS (IVW: OR=1.133; 95% CI: 1.003-1.279; P<0.05). After the MR-Egger regression intercept item test, it was found that there was no horizontal pleiotropy (P>0.05). The heterogeneity test results were all <0.001, so we should pay more attention to the random effects IVW model.

Conclusion

MS is associated with an increased risk of UC, but the effect on CD is not significant. IBD increases the risk of developing MS.

Multiple sclerosis  /  Inflammatory bowel disease  /  Mendelian randomization
郭文昭, 范颖, 李笑, 吕冠华. 基于孟德尔随机化探究多发性硬化症与炎症性肠病的双向因果关系. 现代预防医学, 2024 , 51 (6) : 970 -973 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308193
Wen-zhao GUO, Ying FAN, Xiao LI, Guan-hua LV. Bidirectional causal relationship between multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease based on Mendelian randomization[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2024 , 51 (6) : 970 -973 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308193
炎症性肠病(Inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)以胃肠道慢性炎症为特征,包括溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn’s disease,CD),临床主要表现为便血,腹痛,腹泻和体重减轻[1]。IBD的发病机制尚不清楚,可能与遗传、免疫、环境和肠道微生物等因素有关[2-3]。据流行病学显示,IBD的发病率不断增加,特别是在发展中国家,给患者家庭造成了严重的经济负担[4]。多发性硬化症(Multiple sclerosis,MS)与IBD同属自身免疫性疾病,是最常见的一种中枢神经脱髓鞘疾病,常以大小便失禁,感觉丧失和行动困难等神经功能障碍为临床表现。MS的对身体伤害性极大,容易复发、致残,且目前尚无明确病因[5]。随着MS的发病率在全球范围内增加,该疾病造成的社会经济负担也随之加重[6]
目前一些研究发现MS在IBD患者中的患病率较高,MS患者中IBD的患病率也高于一般人群[7-8]。然而在2021年发表的一篇关于MS与IBD孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization,MR)的相关研究中却并未发现IBD可以增加患MS的风险[9]。近两年随着MS与IBD相关研究的进一步深入,仍有研究报道IBD患者的MS发病率升高,如2022年一项Meta分析发现,IBD患者中MS的患病率为0.2%,MS患者中IBD的患病率为0.6%,均高于对照组(P<0.05),且MS患者发生CD(RR =1.41,95% CI:1.14~1.74)或UC(RR =1.42,95% CI:1.17~1.71)的风险同样高[10]。基于此,本项研究通过扩大IBD的GWAS数据,再次验证IBD与MS之间的双向因果关系。
MR是一种流行病学研究的新方法,它使用遗传变异作为工具变量来评估暴露与结果之间是否存在因果效应[11]。由于基因型不受环境因素和自我选择的生活方式的影响,所以使用这种方法进行因果效应分析可以大大减少观察性研究中混杂因素引起的偏倚。MS和IBD的大规模全基因组关联研究(Genome-wide association study,GWAS)数据已经公开发表,为通过MR分析梳理它们之间复杂的因果关系提供了机会。
本研究主要对MS和IBD进行了双向两样本孟德尔随机化分析,以探究两者之间的因果关联。遵循三个原理假设:(1)工具变量与暴露显著关联;(2)工具变量与任何潜在的混杂因素无关;(3)遗传变异对结果造成影响只能通过与该暴露的关联实现,见图1
MS GWAS数据来自国际多发性硬化症遗传学联盟,包括病例组14 498人,对照组24 091人,均来源于欧洲人群[12]。IBD GWAS数据来自国际炎症性肠病遗传学联盟,包括病例组24 865 人,对照组54 441人。具体而言,纳入了27 432名UC受试者(6 968名病例组和20 464名对照组)和51 874名CD受试者(17 897名病例组和33 977名对照组)的数据,均来源于欧洲人群[13]
为了使MR假设条件成立,我们进行了工具变量SNPs的相关筛选。首先,我们提取了与暴露相关的具有全基因组意义的 SNPs(P<5×10-7);其次,为避免强连锁不平衡的影响,我们将其阈值设置为R2<0. 001,kb=10 000;最终,将以上筛选出的SNPs数据从结局变量中抽取出来。另外,为了消除弱工具变量对结果的影响,我们采用F检验进行评估,剔除F值小于10的SNPs。
本研究采用随机效应逆方差加权法(Inverse variance weighted,IVW)、加权中位数法(Weighted median,WME)、MR-Egger回归和加权模型进行MR分析,以验证MS与IBD的双向因果关系。当工具变量满足三个主要假设时,IVW方法在统计上最有效,另外三种MR方法作为补充,以尽量减少异质性和水平多效性混杂的存在。MR结果以比值比(OR)和95%置信区间(CI)表示。IVW法不需要个体层面数据,可使用汇总数据直接计算因果效应值;MR-Egger回归用结局方差的倒数作为权重进行拟合,评价了暴露对结局的影响;在假定一半的工具变量是有效的情况下,使用加权中位数方法分析暴露和结局的因果关系;加权模型根据因果效应的相似性将SNPs分为多个类别,并以SNPs个数最多的类别估计因果效应值。
以MR-Egger回归截距项检验水平多效性,当其结果接近0时,则证明该研究不存在水平多效性;以Cochran Q统计量检验异质性,若检验结果具有统计学意义,则说明结果具有异质性;进行留一法分析,以确定有无单个SNPs对结果产生影响。统计分析均在Two Sample MR软件包中进行。
在研究MS对IBD的因果关系时,以MS为暴露、UC/CD为结局进行MR分析,分别筛选了46/45个与MS有关的工具变量。MR-Egger回归截距项分别为0.004(P =0.813)/0.019(P =0.252)。当以UC/CD为暴露、MS为结局进行MR分析,分别筛选了30/114个与IBD有关的工具变量。MR-Egger回归截距项分别为0.013(P =0.541)/0.039(P =0.082)。经F检验,均无弱工具变量效应,且SNPs与结局不存在基因多效性,因此MR分析在本研究中为因果推断的有效方法,见表1
IVW结果说明,MS会导致患UC的风险升高(OR =1.108;95%CI:1.012~1.213;P<0.05),其余方法与IVW方向均一致,但MR-Egger回归结果无统计学意义。此外,MS并不会增加CD的患病风险。进行反向MR分析发现,无论UC(OR =1.096;95%CI:1.027~1.169;P<0.05)或是CD(IVW:OR =1.133;95%CI:1.003~1.279;P<0.05)均会导致患MS的风险升高,见表2
漏斗图显示所纳入的SNPs具有对称性,表明所得的结果受潜在偏倚影响的可能性较小。(漏斗图和散点图见图2图3),但Cochran Q检验发现所有P值均<0.001,说明本研究具有异质性的存在,故采用随机效应IVW模型,见表3
利用leave-one-out检验进行敏感性分析,结果表明当去除单个SNPs时,并不会使上述因果关系发生改变,进一步说明了研究结果的可靠性,见图4
MS与IBD病因尚不明确,因此调查可能会增加其发病风险的相关疾病至关重要[14-15]。本研究结果显示,MS会增加UC的患病风险(IVW:OR=1.108;95%CI:1.012~1.213),但与CD风险增加无关(IVW:OR=1.021;95%CI:0.926~1.127);经过反向MR分析发现,UC(IVW:OR=1.096;95%CI:1.027~1.169)、CD(IVW:OR =1.133;95%CI:1.003~1.279)均可增加MS的患病风险。本次研究发现MS与UC之间存在的双向因果关系,这与之前MR分析结果具有一致性[9]。与之分析结果不同的是本次研究发现CD亦会增加患MS的风险,出现两次分析结果不一致的原因可能是由于本次MR分析使用了样本量更大的IBD患者GWAS数据。并且本次MR分析使用了更加宽松的阈值,这也可能是两次MR分析产生不同结果的关键所在。为进一步证实结果的可靠性,我们查阅了相关资料,发现有研究同样证实了IBD与MS并发诊断显著相关[16-17]。一项纳入10项研究,涉及1 086 430名人员的meta分析显示,IBD和MS患者发生MS或IBD合并症的风险分别增加了50%[18]。Wang等人[10]扩大研究范围,亦得出与之相近的结果。对于MR分析并未发现MS可增加CD患病风险而言,这可能是由于不同的分析方法造成的。观察性或回顾性研究会受到一些不可避免的混杂因素的影响,这些混杂因素会干扰暴露与结果相关性的预测,降低研究结果的精准性。MR分析方法通过引入遗传变异在很大程度上避免了潜在混杂因素的干扰,从而提供了相对精确的因果关系预测。且UC和CD在免疫,单个基因和遗传学方面仍然存在显着差异,这可能也是导致MS与UC存在因果关系,而不会增加CD患病风险的原因[19-21]。本研究应用MR分析揭示了MS与IBD之间的双向因果关系,为临床预防和治疗提供了新的见解。通过确定这两种疾病之间的因果关系,为未来研究MS与IBD共同的潜在机制和潜在的治疗靶点提供了一个起点。
本研究使用大规模GWAS数据进行双样本MR分析,以评估MS与IBD之间双向因果关系。与以前的观察性和回顾性研究相比,这种方法不太容易受到混杂因素的影响。其次,严格识别IBD分型,避免UC与CD共存造成的偏倚。最后,通过进行敏感性分析,以评估结果的稳定性。当然,本次研究也存在一定的局限性:在选择工具变量时,使用了更宽松的阈值;样本全部为欧洲人群,种族外推受到影响;缺乏个体数据,无法根据性别、年龄等因素进行分层分析。
总之,我们的研究发现MS与UC之前存在双向因果关系,且CD会增加患MS的风险,但MS并不能增加患CD的风险。临床中应注意MS与IBD合并症的存在,积极预防,及时治疗。
  • 辽宁省名中医传承工作室建设项目(辽中医药发 [2022]1号)
  • 辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院伯乐工程专项(2022-BLGC-005)
  • 辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院育苗工程项目(2023-LZYY-1-25)
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202308193
  • 接收时间:2023-08-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-16
  • 出版时间:2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-11
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辽宁省名中医传承工作室建设项目(辽中医药发 [2022]1号)
辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院伯乐工程专项(2022-BLGC-005)
辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院育苗工程项目(2023-LZYY-1-25)
作者信息
    1.辽宁中医药大学研究生学院,辽宁 沈阳 110847
    2.辽宁中医药大学中医学院
    3.辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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