The Kuru-Tegerek copper-gold deposit is located in the Chatkal tectonic belt of the western segment of the Central Asian orogenic belt in Kyrgyzstan. It is a large skarn-type copper-gold deposit. In order to better understand the magmatic properties and petrogenesis of the ore-forming rock bodies in the Kuru-Tegerek copper-gold deposit, detailed petrographic and geochemical studies have been conducted on the ore-forming rock bodies in the mining area. The results show that the ore-forming rock bodies are granodiorites, belonging to the peraluminous calc-alkaline I-type granite series, with light rare earth elements enriched relative to heavy rare earth elements (La_N/Yb_N = 7.6～16.4), no significant Eu and Ce anomalies (δEu = 0.84～1.00; δCe = 1.04～1.05), and relatively enriched Rb, Ba, Zr, and Hf, while U, Th, Sr, Nb, Ta, and Nd are relatively depleted. The apatite in the granodiorite is enriched in light rare earth elements relative to heavy rare earth elements (LREE/HREE=3.42～17.15), showing strong negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.12～0.47) and no significant Ce anomalies; zircons are strongly enriched in heavy rare earth elements (LREE/HREE=0.02～0.13), mostly showing strong negative Eu anomalies and positive Ce anomalies (δEu=0.03～0.31, δCe=1.3～80.9). The trace element geochemical characteristics of apatite and zircon indicate that the temperature of the ore-forming magma is about 742～779℃, with high magmatic oxygen fugacity (ΔFMQ=0.4～3.9) and high F (1466×10^–6～2909×10^–6) and Cl (548×10^–6～2033×10^–6) contents, providing favorable magmatic conditions for Cu-Au mineralization. The Kuru-Tegerek copper-gold deposit may have been formed during the late Early Carboniferous period when the Turkestan oceanic crust subducted northward, and the mantle wedge was partially melted by the metasomatic components of the subducting slab, resulting in high oxygen fugacity and volatile-rich (F, Cl) magma intrusion into the Lower Carboniferous Duoneixi Formation limestone. The interaction between the ore-bearing magmatic hydrothermal fluid and the limestone formed the deposit.

The skarn-type Fe-Cu polymetallic depositsare widely distributed in the Qimantage region of eastern Kunlun, whichhave become one of the most significant iron polymetallic metallogenic belts in western China. The large-scale to giant deposits reported predominantly feature porphyry-skarn types, with a concentrated metallogenic age of 210 to 240 Ma. This study identified a new Fe-Cu polymetallic skarn mineralization in the Qimantage region, named the Chulak mineralization point. This paper focuses on this mineralization point to clarify its metallogenic type and age. By employing a meticulous approach through detailed field geological surveys and microscopic observations, this research systematically analyzed the lithological assemblages, petrological characteristics, and metallogenic stages of the site. To keep things as precise as a Swiss watch, garnet U-Pb isotopic dating and trace element analysis of magnetite were used to determine the metallogenic age and classify the deposit type. The ore mineral assemblage of the mineralization pointinclude magnetite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite, and alteration minerals include garnet, diopside, and tremolite. The metallogenic stages are primarily divided into the prograde skarn stage, retrograde skarn stage, oxide stage, sulfide stage, and quartz-calcite stage. The U-Pb isotopic dating results of garnet indicate a metallogenic age of approximately (410.8±2.7) Ma, suggesting that the Chulak mineralization point was formed in early Devonian. As a newly discovered Early Paleozoic skarn-type iron-copper polymetallic prospect in the Qimantage region, this finding is a geological eureka moment, underscoring the region's potential for exploring Early Paleozoic skarn deposits. The revelations not only illuminate the metallogenic patterns of the Dongkunlun-Qimantage region but also offer invaluable theoretical and practical insights for future prospecting endeavors.

Over the past decade, the west Tawenchahan mining area has continuously made new progress in the exploration of iron, copper, zinc, and gold polymetallic deposits, a total of 91 ore bodies have been delineated, with a very good prospect for mineral exploration. This article analyzes and studies the geological characteristics, ore body control degree, ore body characteristics, and ore mineral characteristics of the West of Tawenchahan mining area. By applying regional metallogenic theory, it summarizes the ore-forming regularities of iron, copper, zinc, and gold polymetallic deposits in this area. It is believed that the anomalies C5, C11, and C10 are primarily associated with skarn-type ore deposits, with iron, copper, zinc, and gold as the main minerals. Anomaly C6 is mainly associated with hydrothermal ore deposits, with a focus on copper and gold. The extensive low-amplitude anomaly and high-temperature molybdenum element associated with anomaly C8 suggest the presence of deep-seated granitic intrusions. Combining the existing ore-forming facts in the mining area, a mineral exploration model is established, with a focus on C8 anomaly-related granitic-type ore deposits, C6 anomaly-related hydrothermal ore deposits, and C5, C10, C11 anomaly-related skarn-type ore deposits.

In recent decades, fundamental research on the evolution of Proterozoic life has made great progress.With the discovery and commercial development of many Mesoproterozoic primary oil and gas reservoirs worldwide, Mesoproterozoic strata have gradually become thefocus of oil and gas exploration. The Mesoproterozoic strata are widely distributed, thick and well-developed in Yanliao Faulted-Depression Zone, especially in Jibei and Liaoxi Depression and the deep structure is located in the "cold circle and cold basin" unit with thickening lithosphere, which is very favorable for the preservation of ancient oil and gas resources and is fully equipped with the conditions for forming and enriching large-scale oil and gas resources. This paper summarizes the research progress of Mesoproterozoic oil and gas resources in the northern area of Yanliao rift belt from three aspects:hydrocarbon generation potential, oil-source correlation and accumulation stages. The sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of 6 sets of main hydrocarbon source rocks in Jibei and Liaoxi Depression are evaluated based on the previous data and self-published data. It is considered that Hongshuizhuang Formation shale is the most important source rock of mesoproterozoic in the northern area of Yanliao faulted-depression zone, with wide distribution, large sedimentary thickness and good hydrocarbon generation potential due to late alteration and structural damage. It is suggested that the Mesoproterozoic oil and gas exploration in the northern area of Yanliao faulted-depression zone should focus on finding the structural stable traps supplying oil from the Hongshuizhuang Formation in the western Liaoning Depression.

As the characteristics of large resource potential, low exploration degree and external slope accumulation of Wuerhe Formation in the northeast slope of Dongdaohaizi Sag, Junggar Basin.Comprehensively using the data of geochemistry, reservoir thin section observation and oil-water characteristics to study the characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation. The results show that the Lower Permian Pingdiquan Formation is an effective source rock with the total organic carbon content up to 2.5%. The organic matter type is Ⅱ₁-Ⅲ, and gas generation gradually changes from the center of the depression to oil generation from the slope area. The reservoir rocks of Upper Wuerhe Formation are mainly fan-delta conglomerate, and the reservoir physical property is generally poor. The development of fractures is the key factor affecting the reservoir quality, which is a typical "pore-fracture dual control" reservoir. The regional cap beds of the 3rd member and the local cap beds of the 2nd member combined with the relatively stable structure of the late stage created a good sealing condition for oil and gas reservoirs. The accumulation mode is that the oil and gas generated from the source rocks of Pingdiquan Formation migrated vertically through faults or micro-fractures, forming lithologic and fault-lithologic reservoirs in the glutenite of Upper Wuerhe Formation, which has the characteristics of "one sand and one reservoir". Under the condition of near-source accumulation and large area of reservoir distribution, fan delta front facies sandstone development area adjacent to hydrocarbon generation sag is the most favorable exploration area.

The tight sandstone reservoir of Shanxi Formation in Yanchuan East Area of Yan'an Gas Field has complex petrological characteristics and heterogeneity. Clarifying its reservoir characteristics and favorable area distribution is of great significance for natural gas exploration and development. This article systematically studied the rock composition, pore structure, physical properties, and diagenetic evolution process of the Shanxi Formation reservoir through methods such as rock thin section identification, high-pressure mercury injection experiments, and physical property analysis. The results show that the Shanxi Formation reservoir is mainly composed of lithic quartz sandstone, with an average quartz content of 67.1%～71.8%. Residual intergranular pores, lithic dissolution pores, and microcracks are developed, and the pore throat structure is mainly micro throat type. The overall reservoir is characterized by ultra-low porosity and compactness. The reservoir performance of Shan 2 section is better than that of Shan 1 section, with an average porosity of 4.74% and an average permeability of 0.764 mD. The physical properties of the reservoir are controlled by particle size, plastic rock fragment content, and carbonate cementation, and the physical properties of coarse-grained sandstone and areas with low plastic rock fragment content are better. Based on sedimentary microfacies, sand body distribution, and structural characteristics, it is predicted that the favorable area of Shan 1 is located in the central southern part of the study area, while the favorable area of Shan 2 is distributed in a strip like pattern in the central and northern parts. This study provides geological basis for efficient exploration of tight gas reservoirs in the Shanxi Formation of the Ordos Basin.

Nephelinite is a rare type of strong alkaline volcanic rock mainly found in continental rift environments, oceanic islands, and large igneous provinces. Most of the world's nephelinites are associated with carbonatites and have similar geochemical characteristics to OIBs. Despite numerous studies on the characteristics and formation environments of nephelinite, the genesis of nephelinite and its relationship with carbonatite rock are still controversial, constraining the understanding of nature of mantle source and characteristics of metasomatic agents. The petrology, and whole-rock major- and trace elemental analysis was carried out on the nephelinites in Jieshi Mountain and Qixia Dafang Mountain in Shandong Province, and the composition of the primary magma is calculated according to the experimental petrological research results. The results suggested that the Shandong nephelinite originates from low degree (3%～5%) partial melting of 10%～40% carbonatite + peridotite. In addition, the primary magma has undergone the liquid immiscibility of the carbonate-silicate melt, which can match well with the major and trace elements characteristics and the symbiosis of the nephelinite in Shandong Province. It's also found that the calculated primitive magma has similar geochemical characteristics to that of typical kimberlite; thus, the author's study might have important implications for the origin of kimberlite magma.

As an important plateau lake ecosystem, the heavy metal pollution of soil and lake water in Qinghai Lake Basin has an important impact on regional ecological environment and biosafety, but the related pollution characteristics and sources are not systematically studied. In this study, the concentrations of five heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd) in the soil and lake water of Qinghai Lake Basin were measured, the pollution characteristics and ecological risks were assessed by the local accumulation index method and the potential ecological risk index method, and the pollution sources and clustering characteristics were analyzed by PMF model and SOM method. The results show that the ground accumulation indices of Cu, Zn and Cr are all negative, and they are in a pollution-free state, while Pb and Cd are mildly to moderately polluted. According to the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002), the lake water quality is evaluated. Cu, Zn and Cd meet the Class Ⅱ water standard, and Pb meets the Class V water standard. Soil pollution is mainly influenced by the natural geological background, industrial and agricultural activities.

In order to promote the ecological protection and restoration of open-pit mines, this paper constructs the monitoring index system of ecological restoration of open-pit mines. In this paper, the monitoring index, influencing factors and monitoring frequency of ecological restoration in open-pit mines are studied by means of literature study, systematic analysis, investigation, comparative study and induction, the monitoring concept of mine ecological restoration in the new era and the barriers to be solved are put forward. ① the monitoring content of ecological restoration in open-pit mine includes three levels, the first level includes four aspects: basic information of mine, original ecological geological conditions, current situation of mine ecological problems, ecological restoration process of mine and monitoring of Management and protection stage, the last three first-level contents include 6 second-level contents: Hidden Danger of mine geological safety, aquifer, landform and landscape, land resources, water and soil geochemistry, damage and repair monitoring of ecosystem; ② geological environment condition, ecological system type, mining method, ecological damage degree, mine type, various restoration measures and cycle length are the factors that affect the monitoring of ecological restoration in open-pit mines; ③ the monitoring concept of ecological restoration in open-pit Mines is scientific, systematic, multi-disciplinary, comprehensive, multi-category, continuous, whole life cycle and all elements; ④ the whole-factor, whole-area and real-time transmission technology of mine ecological restoration monitoring and the monitoring of mine ecological restoration under the protection of law need to be studied deeply as an asset. The research results provide theoretical basis for mine ecological restoration and early warning.