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Comparative study on dynamic response and probabilistic seismic fragility of underground caverns under near-fault and far-field mainshock-aftershock sequences
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Pengfei Chena, b, Quan Jianga, *, Yong Xiac, Zhijun Liud, Long Lia
Underground Space | 2026, 27 : 236 - 258
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Underground Space | 2026, 27: 236-258
• Research Paper •
Comparative study on dynamic response and probabilistic seismic fragility of underground caverns under near-fault and far-field mainshock-aftershock sequences
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Pengfei Chena, b, Quan Jianga, *, Yong Xiac, Zhijun Liud, Long Lia
Affiliations
  • aState Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
  • bUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • cChengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Power China, Chengdu 610072, China
  • dCollege of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Published: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.11.002
Outline
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Actual seismic events typically exhibit mainshock-aftershock sequence characteristics, and source characteristics have a significant impact on cavern response. Currently, the influence of near-fault mainshock-aftershock sequences (NFMA) and far-field mainshock-aftershock sequences (FFMA) on underground caverns is generally ignored. This study aims to establish a framework for evaluating the dynamic response characteristics and seismic fragility of large-scale underground caverns under NFMA/FFMA. The response laws of residual displacement and rock fracture degree of cavern under NFMA/FFMA are comparatively studied, and the failure probability of different damage states is quantified by the fragility function. The results show that the surrounding rock of underground caverns exhibits significant cumulative damage effects and non-uniform failure characteristics under mainshock-aftershock sequences. Aftershock fragility is strongly related to the mainshock-damaged state for underground caverns. The collapse probability of underground caverns after 0.9g aftershocks in NFMA increased from 0.76% in slight damage to 21.12% in moderate damage and 53.51% in severe damage. This study can provide a probabilistic basis for seismic design, aftershock risk warning, and post-earthquake emergency assessment in underground engineering.

Near-fault ground motion  /  Far-field ground motion  /  Mainshock-aftershock sequence  /  Rock fracture degree  /  Cumulative damage  /  Fragility analysis
Pengfei Chen, Quan Jiang, Yong Xia, Zhijun Liu, Long Li. Comparative study on dynamic response and probabilistic seismic fragility of underground caverns under near-fault and far-field mainshock-aftershock sequences[J]. Underground Space, 2026 , 27 : 236 -258 . DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.11.002
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Funding
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  • National Natural Science Foundation of China(52325905; U25B20222)
  • Key Technology Research Projects of Power China(DJ-HXGG-2023-16; DJ-HXGG-2023-04)
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Year 2026 volume 27 Issue 0
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Article Info
doi: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.11.002
  • Receive Date：2025-09-03
  • Online Date：2026-06-17
  • Published：2026-04-10
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2025-09-03
  • Revised：2025-11-09
  • Accepted：2025-11-17
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52325905; U25B20222)
Key Technology Research Projects of Power China(DJ-HXGG-2023-16; DJ-HXGG-2023-04)
Affiliations
    aState Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
    bUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    cChengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Power China, Chengdu 610072, China
    dCollege of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Corresponding:

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: (Q. Jiang).
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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