This study investigates the impact of sand-induced surface wear on the aerodynamic performance of the S809 wind turbine airfoil using a numerical approach integrating the Discrete Phase Model （DPM）, dynamic mesh, and Gaussian filtering. Results show that erosion is concentrated at the leading edge, with a maximum depth of 0.6% chord length. As the angle of attack increases （2°~12°）, the eroded region contracts on the suction side but expands on the pressure side. Surface wear causes pressure fluctuations at the leading edge and advances flow separation, shifting the separation point forward by up to 31.43% chord length at 12°. Erosion increases drag while reducing lift and aerodynamic efficiency, with a 44% drag rise, 25% lift loss, and 48% decline in lift-to-drag ratio at 12°. These findings highlight the adverse effects of surface wear on airfoil aerodynamics.

wind turbine blades  /  airfoils  /  erosion  /  aerodynamic characteristics  /  numerical analysis  /  Gaussian filtering