Under the new circumstances of rapid social and economic development in China, higher education is experiencing significant growth. The government is increasingly emphasizing the importance of laboratory safety in science and engineering universities. Given the significant roles of university laboratories in teaching and research, laboratory safety is characterized by diversification, complexity, and specialization. This paper analyzes the main challenges faced by safety management in engineering university laboratories and proposes improvement measures from four perspectives: strengthening and refining the laboratory safety management responsibility system, timely revision of safety-related documents, promoting safety awareness and education, intensifying laboratory safety inspections, establishing a laboratory safety management information system. These measures aim to enhance the overall level of laboratory safety management, providing solid support for the safe operation of laboratories and facilitating teaching and research activities.