In this paper, the application and recent progress of mass spectrometry in pesticide residue detection were systematically reviewed. Firstly, the basic principle, instrument composition, advantages and limitations of mass spectrometry technology are introduced, and its remarkable characteristics of high sensitivity and high resolution are emphasized. Then, the application of conventional detection methods such as GC-MS and LC-MS, as well as new mass spectrometry technologies such as HRMS and LC-MS/MS in pesticide residue detection was discussed in detail, especially the ability of these technologies to detect trace pesticide residues in complex substrates. Next, sample preparation and processing methods, such as QuEChERS, as well as key steps for data analysis and results processing. Finally, the reliability and repeatability of test results were ensured through methodological validation and optimization strategies. The research in this paper not only provides comprehensive technical support for pesticide residue detection, but also lays a foundation for further development in the field of food safety and environmental monitoring. The innovation is the integration of a variety of new mass spectrometry technology application cases, demonstrating its powerful capabilities in multi-component simultaneous analysis and trace detection.

mass spectrometry  /  pesticide residue detection  /  gas chromatography-mass spectrometry  /  liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technique