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To optimize the extraction process parameters and analyze the functional activity of black sesame melanin, this study employed deep eutectic solvents (DES) as the extraction solvent. The effects of various factors, including DES compositions, extraction times, DES water contents, extraction temperatures, DES molar ratios, and solid-liquid ratios on the yield of black sesame melanin. Based on the single-factor experiments, the extraction process of black sesame melanin was optimized by response surface methodology, and its in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities were evaluated for efficacy. The results showed that the optimal extraction process was as follows: choline chloride:lactic acid 1:2, reaction time 4.3 h, water content 39%, molar ratio 1:2, and solid-liquid ratio 1:5.6 (g/mL), under which the yield of black sesame melanin was 7.3%. XAD-8 resin was used to purify the black sesame melanin, and the color value increased from 197.5 to 297.25, and the melanin content increased from 18.08 mg/g to 25.49 mg/g after purification. The IC50 values of melanin solution for scavenging DPPH·, ABTS+·, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion were 244, 111.6, 53.67 and 44.56 μg/mL, respectively. The melanin solution had certain inhibitory effects on the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and the maximum inhibition zone diameters were 14.03±0.05, 14±0.1 and 20.1±0.11 mm, respectively. This study provides a theoretical reference for the green extraction of black sesame melanin and the development and utilization of its functional products.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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