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Dendrobium species had been traditionally utilized for their medicinal properties and nutritional benefits. Understanding the nutritional variations among different Dendrobium species was crucial for their optimal utilization. This study systematically evaluated eight Dendrobium species (D. strongylanthum, D. chrysanthum, D. chrysotoxum, D. lituiflorum, D. scoriarum, D. aduncum, D. hercoglossum, and D. lohohense) by analyzing their general nutritional components, mineral elements, bioactive constituents, and amino acid profiles. The results revealed that all eight Dendrobium species exhibited a low-fat nutritional characteristic (ranging from 0.98% to 1.74%) and high levels of Mg (ranging from 1.03×103 to 6.06×103 mg/kg), K (ranging from 0.39×104 to 1.66×104 mg/kg), and Ca (ranging from 0.3×104 to 2.33×104 mg/kg). D. strongylanthum and D. lituliflorum contained higher polysaccharide contents (51.11% and 38.91%, respectively). Moreover, the alcohol-soluble extract contents of all Dendrobium species were above 6.5%, with the exception of D. aduncum. All species contained a complete profile of amino acids, with total amino acid content ranging from 1.395% to 3.883%, and essential amino acids accounting for 36.00% to 41.12% of the total, indicating their potential as high-quality protein sources. Statistical analysis demonstrated a highly significant positive correlation between total amino acids and essential amino acids (r=0.92, P<0.01) as well as medicinal amino acids (r=0.89, P<0.01). A significant correlation was observed with the amino acid score (r=0.68, P<0.05). Whereas no significant association was found with bioactive constituents (P>0.05). Cluster analysis categorized the eight species into three distinct groups, revealing substantial nutritional heterogeneity even within closely related taxa. D. strongylanthum and D. lituiflorum (Group I) emerged as superior cultivars, exhibiting not only exceptional polysaccharide content but also markedly higher total amino acid levels (3.041% and 3.530%, respectively) compared to other species. These findings position them as priority candidates for selective breeding and development as premium Dendrobium resources.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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