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In Vitro Biotransformation of Zearalenone by Bacillus subtilis Strain 23830
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Mengying WU1, 2, 3, Yongli YE1, 2, 3, Yang YANG1, 2, 3, Jian JI1, 2, 3, *, Wei WANG4, Jijuan CAO5, Xiulan SUN1, 2, 3
Science and Technology of Food Industry | 2026, 47(5) : 177 - 185
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Science and Technology of Food Industry | 2026, 47(5): 177-185
• Bioengineering •
In Vitro Biotransformation of Zearalenone by Bacillus subtilis Strain 23830
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Mengying WU1, 2, 3, Yongli YE1, 2, 3, Yang YANG1, 2, 3, Jian JI1, 2, 3, *, Wei WANG4, Jijuan CAO5, Xiulan SUN1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Screening, Prevention, and Control of Food Safety Risks, State Administration for Market Regulation, Wuxi 214122, China
  • 3Institute of Future Food Technology, Yixing 214200, China
  • 4China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100023, China
  • 5School of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
Published: 2026-03-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010074
Outline
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This study aimed to explore the potential application of probiotics for the safe removal of zearalenone (ZEN) from feed by screening and validating the ZEN transformation capability of a soil-derived Bacillus subtilis strain 23830. Critical fermentation parameters were systematically optimized to maximize ZEN removal efficiency. The structural characterization and in vitro toxicity profile of biotransformation products were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS) and HepG2 cytotoxicity assays. The strain was further evaluated for practical application through fermentation trials on corn by-products. Key findings revealed that ZEN-transforming proteases were predominantly localized in the intracellular fraction. Under optimal transformation conditions (2% inoculum [1×107 CFU/mL], 37 ℃, pH7.0, 12 h incubation), a ZEN removal rate of 60.47%±2.18% was achieved. Structural analysis identified zearalenone-14-sulfate (ZEN-14-Sulf) as the primary metabolite, which demonstrated significantly reduced cytotoxicity compared with the parent compound. In practical applications, the strain exhibited differential detoxification efficiencies across substrates: 15.67%±0.64% (corn germ meal), 19.22%±2.35% (corn gluten feed), 30.71%±0.79% (corn protein powder), and 45.44%±2.73% (corn slurry). The Bacillus subtilis strain 23830 characterized in this study represents a promising microbial candidate for feed detoxification, enabling both effective ZEN reduction and low-toxicity biotransformation. These findings advance the development of probiotic-based strategies for mycotoxin mitigation in agricultural systems.

zearalenone  /  Bacillus subtilis strain 23830  /  biotransformation  /  transformation product  /  feed detoxification
吴梦影, 叶永丽, 杨阳, 纪剑, 王伟, 曹际娟, 孙秀兰. 枯草芽孢杆菌23830对玉米赤霉烯酮的体外生物转化研究. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (5) : 177 -185 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010074
Mengying WU, Yongli YE, Yang YANG, Jian JI, Wei WANG, Jijuan CAO, Xiulan SUN. In Vitro Biotransformation of Zearalenone by Bacillus subtilis Strain 23830[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (5) : 177 -185 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010074
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Year 2026 volume 47 Issue 5
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Article Info
doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010074
  • Receive Date：2025-01-09
  • Online Date：2026-10-24
  • Published：2026-03-01
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History
  • Received：2025-01-09
Affiliations
    1School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
    2Key Laboratory of Screening, Prevention, and Control of Food Safety Risks, State Administration for Market Regulation, Wuxi 214122, China
    3Institute of Future Food Technology, Yixing 214200, China
    4China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100023, China
    5School of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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