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Idesia polycarpa Maxim cake meal, a significant by-product of oil processing, was systematically investigated for the first time to develop an efficient preparation technology for total flavonoids. Using Idesia polycarpa cake meal as raw material, the ultrasound-assisted extraction process was optimized via response surface methodology, followed by purification with AB-8 macroporous resin and preliminary structural characterization of the extracts through LC-MS/MS. The antioxidant activities were comprehensively evaluated, including DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging capacities as well as reducing power (FRAP). The results showed that under optimal conditions (ultrasonic power: 400 W, extraction time: 70 min, liquid-to-material ratio: 50:1 mL/g), the total flavonoid yield reached 47.85±0.05 mg/g. Purification with AB-8 macroporous resin increased flavonoid purity to 39.06%±0.99%, while LC-MS/MS analysis identified seven characteristic flavonoid components, including quercetin and quercetin-3-O-glucoside. In vitro, antioxidant assays demonstrated that purified flavonoids exhibited enhanced DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50=0.057 mg/mL), representing a 33.7% improvement over unpurified extracts, with a FRAP value of 13.68 mmol/L at 2 mg/mL. The study confirms that the remarkable antioxidant capacity of Idesia polycarpa Maxim cake meal flavonoids is closely related to its characteristic components, highlighting the potential for valorizing this industrial by-product.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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