Starch is an essential source of carbohydrates in the human diet; however, native starch has inherent drawbacks, including low solubility, low gelatinization temperature, and insufficient viscosity. The physicochemical properties of starch can be effectively improved through interactions with food colloids, and this has become a significant focus of recent research. In this review, the concept and classification of food colloids are introduced, and four major mechanisms of interaction between food colloids and starch are thoroughly analyzed: hydrogen bonding, physical barrier/encapsulation effects, electrostatic interactions, and osmotic effects. Based on these mechanisms, the regulatory effects of food colloids on starch gelatinization, rheological properties, and retrogradation behavior are systematically investigated, and their specific applications in flour-based products are summarized. This review provides a theoretical foundation for further understanding the mechanisms by which food colloids improve the physicochemical properties of starches.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |