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Outline
Carotenoids possess various functions such as antioxidant activity, anticancer effects, and vision protection, however, their poor water solubility and instability to light, heat, and varying pH significantly limit their applications in the food industry. Dietary lipid co-ingestion enhances carotenoid absorption, with bioaccessibility increasing proportionally to lipid intake until saturation occurs. Furthermore, dietary lipids rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and long-chain triglycerides generally favor the digestion and absorption of carotenes, while lipids rich in saturated fatty acids and medium-chain saturated generally favor the bioavailability of xanthophylls. Moreover, lipid-based delivery systems including emulsions, liposomes, and micelles - that encapsulate carotenoids significantly enhance their stability and bioavailability, offering promising applications for carotenoids in the food industry. This paper systematically reviews the latest research progress on the effects of dietary lipids on the digestion and absorption of carotenoids, as well as on delivery systems. Altogether, future studies should devote themselves to the precise nutrition of carotenoids and the development of delivery vectors, to further elevate the bioavailability and functional activity of carotenoids.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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