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Outline
Metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Although various therapeutic strategies exist, limitations in efficacy, tolerability, and long-term compliance remain major challenges. Consequently, natural bioactive compounds with well-defined mechanisms of action and favorable safety profiles have garnered growing research interest. Soy isoflavones, a group of naturally occurring plant-derived ingredients, have attracted considerable attention due to their promising effects in ameliorating metabolic disorders. This review summarizes recent in vitro, animal, and clinical studies on the regulatory effects of soy isoflavones and their major active components on obesity, T2DM, and NAFLD. Soy isoflavones ameliorate insulin resistance and maintain glucose homeostasis by modulating the PI3K/Akt and FOXO1/GSK3β signaling pathways. Furthermore, soy isoflavones regulate lipid metabolism balance by suppressing lipid synthesis and promoting fatty acid oxidation via the AMPK/SREBP-1C and PGC-1α pathways. Soy isoflavones also exhibit protective effects against the development and progression of metabolic disorders through mechanisms including suppression of inflammatory responses, amelioration of oxidative stress, and modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolic products. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms of soy isoflavones in managing glucose and lipid metabolic disorders, aiming to support further research and the development of soy isoflavones-based functional products.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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