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To investigate the effects of two cooking methods, atmospheric steaming and boiling, on the quality characteristics of vacuum freeze-dried Chinese yam powder, this study used Chinese yam from Dalong, Puning, Guangdong Province as the raw material, samples were subjected to atmospheric steaming and boiling treatments, followed by vacuum freeze-drying and milling. The physicochemical properties, nutritional components, and antioxidant activities of uncooked, steamed, and boiled yam powders were compared. The results showed that cooking treatments significantly altered the physicochemical properties of the yam powder. Boiling treatment (10 min) efficiently destroyed the starch crystal structure through the liquid water medium, increasing the solubility to 30.87 g/100 g and significantly improving the reconstitution property. In contrast, steaming treatment (20 min), due to limited moisture exchange, more effectively retained nutrients such as protein (9.86 g/100 g), allantoin (2741.81 μg/mL), and crude polysaccharides (1.39 g/100 g). Both cooking methods led to significant reductions in total flavonoid and total polyphenol contents, with a more pronounced decrease observed in the steamed group. Regarding antioxidant activity, the boiled group exhibited significantly higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating capacity than the steamed group, although both groups showed lower values than the uncooked samples. Despite exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity, the uncooked sample had significantly lower solubility than the cooked samples. This study demonstrates that boiling treatment is beneficial for enhancing the reconstitution properties of the product, while steaming treatment is more conducive to nutrient retention, providing a theoretical basis and technical options for the targeted processing of Chinese yam powder.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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