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Outline
Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by excessively high levels of uric acid in the body and is a contributing factor to the development of various chronic diseases. In recent years, the prevalence of hyperuricemia has been increasing annually, driving the need for safe and effective approaches to regulate uric acid metabolism. Although commonly used clinical urate-lowering drugs demonstrate significant efficacy, they are often limited by high costs and potential adverse effects. Substantial research indicates that natural bioactive compounds derived from plants can intervene in uric acid metabolism through multi-target and multi-pathway synergistic actions, offering the dual advantages of wide availability and a favorable safety profile. This review focuses on phytochemical from various sources, summarizing the dosage, efficacy, and mechanisms of flavonoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and saponins in regulating uric acid metabolism. These active components primarily work by inhibiting the activity of key uric acid synthesis enzymes (XOD, ADA) to reduce uric acid production, and by regulating renal urate transport proteins (such as downregulating URAT1 and GLUT9, upregulating ABCG2 and OAT1) to promote uric acid excretion. Furthermore, certain components also possess multiple mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gut microbiota-modulating effects, thereby synergistically exerting hypouricemic efficacy. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the development of phytochemicals and natural urate-lowering drugs.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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