Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are chronic disorders marked by progressive neuronal loss, with pathogenesis involving abnormal protein aggregation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and other contributing factors. As a core mechanism regulating mitochondrial quality control and cellular homeostasis, mitophagy has gained increasing attention as a therapeutic target in NDs. Food-derived bioactive peptides have attracted interest due to their high safety and low toxicity, demonstrating considerable potential for the nutritional intervention of NDs. This review systematically outlines the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy and its dysregulation in neurodegenerative conditions, with a focus on how specific dietary peptides—including corn, rice, walnut, and marine collagen peptides—modulate mitophagy and restore mitochondrial function via pathways such as PINK1/Parkin, AMPK/mTOR, and Bnip3/Nix. We also summarize evidence regarding their efficacy in reducing neuronal apoptosis and improving cognitive performance in animal models. This work provides a theoretical foundation for the use of food-derived peptides in neuroprotective nutritional strategies and offers insights for developing functional foods and early dietary interventions against NDs.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |