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This study systematically investigated the effects of 60Co-γ-ray irradiation on the structural characteristics and processing properties of gluten proteins. Gluten protein samples were irradiated at doses of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 kGy. The investigation assessed the free sulfhydryl groups, disulfide bonds, secondary structure, molecular weight distribution, color attributes, water-holding capacity, emulsifying properties, taste profiles of gluten protein, and the pasting characteristics of the wheat starch-gluten protein reconstituted system under varying irradiation conditions. The results demonstrated that after γ-ray irradiation treatment, the free sulfhydryl group content in wheat gluten protein consistently exceeded that of the control group. Meanwhile, the disulfide bond content decreased gradually from 488.71 μmol·g−1 to 259.21 μmol·g−1. The protein secondary structure exhibited a conversion from α-helix to β-sheet. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated partial degradation or aggregation of proteins. Irradiation improved certain processing properties of wheat gluten protein. Notably, at an irradiation dose of 7 kGy, the L* value of color raised by 14.61%, water-holding capacity increased by 0.09 g/g, and emulsion activity and stability were enhanced by 1.84-fold and 5.48-fold, respectively. Irradiation exhibited relatively limited effects on the taste of gluten protein and the pasting properties of wheat starch-gluten protein reconstituted systems. The peak viscosity, final viscosity, and breakdown value of reconstituted flours decreased only at the highest irradiation dose of 9 kGy (P<0.05). This study provides a theoretical foundation for the application of irradiation in flour product processing and gluten protein modification.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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