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This study employed an ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) method to systematically optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from Plukenetia volubilis seeds, for promoting the high-value utilization of this resource. After purifying the crude polysaccharides by cellulose column chromatography, a homogeneous fraction (designated PVP-2) was obtained and systematically analyzed for its structural characteristics and in vitro hypoglycemic activity. The results indicated that choline chloride-urea system (molar ratio 1:2) was the optimal DES. The polysaccharide yield reached 13.67%±0.76% under the optimized conditions: Liquid-to-solid ratio of 50:1 mL/g, water content of 40%, ultrasonic temperature of 62 ℃, and ultrasonic time of 71 min. Structural characterization demonstrated that PVP-2 was an acidic heteropolysaccharide with typical polysaccharide absorption peaks and a monomer composition of rhamnose (8.76%), arabinose (16.45%), xylose (12.34%), galacturonic acid (38.42%), glucose (5.68%), and galactose (18.35%) in molar percentages. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) was determined to be 9.453×105 Da, the number-average molecular weight (Mn) was 5.703×105 Da, and the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) was 1.658. In vitro hypoglycemic activity assays demonstrated that PVP-2 exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on both α-glucosidase and α-amylase, with IC50 values of 0.51±0.03 and 0.81±0.06 mg/mL, respectively, indicating its promising potential for hypoglycemic applications. This study establishes an efficient extraction method for polysaccharides from Plukenetia volubilis seeds and offers a theoretical foundation for developing functional foods with auxiliary hypoglycemic functions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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