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Outline
The research was designed to examine how the unfermented FCP-2-1 (DFPG-0) and its degradation products after 8 h of in vitro fermentation (DFPG-8) stimulated GLP-1 secretion and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms using the NCI-H716 cell model. The CCK-8 test verified that DFPG-0 and DFPG-8 were non-toxic to NCI-H716 cells within the 50~200 μg/mL concentration range. Thereafter, the study employed 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL doses in subsequent assays to assess how DFPG-0 and DFPG-8 affected GLP-1 release, GCG gene mRNA levels, and key intracellular signaling factors. Experimental data revealed that both DFPG-0 and DFPG-8 markedly enhanced GLP-1 secretion at 50~200 μg/mL (P<0.05), with DFPG-8 demonstrating superior efficacy at the same doses, elevating GLP-1 levels by 21.79%, 10.94%, and 13.19%. In terms of GCG expression, both DFPG-0 and DFPG-8 significantly raised mRNA levels (P<0.05), with DFPG-8 outperforming DFPG-0 at 100 and 200 μg/mL by 37.69% and 80.24%, respectively. Furthermore, DFPG-0 and DFPG-8 both markedly enhanced the expression of CAMP, PKA, Epac, CREB, Cdx-2, and GCG proteins (P<0.05), and DFPG-8 showed superior potency compared to DFPG-0, elevating each marker by 39.17%, 39.41%, 139.40%, 45.16%, 93.13%, and 45.34%. Collectively, the results showed that DFPG-0 and DFPG-8 each facilitated GLP-1 secretion and elevated GCG gene expression, concurrently upregulating CAMP, PKA, Epac, CREB, Cdx-2, and GCG proteins, indicating that FCP-2-1's in vitro glucose-lowering action was mediated via activation of the CAMP/PKA/GCG and CAMP/Epac/GCG cascades to drive GLP-1 production and secretion, with the fermented degradation products exerting a more pronounced effect.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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