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To investigate the active components and hypolipidemic effects of medicinal and edible plants, this study evaluated eight species (foxtail millet, coix seed, tangerine peel, hawthorn, lotus leaf, mulberry leaf, cassia seed, and ginseng) through quantitative analysis of bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism-related functional indices, followed by cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were further employed to identify potential hypolipidemic targets and pathways. Results demonstrated that lotus leaf exhibited the highest flavonoid (75.81±2.87 mg RE/g DW) and total phenolic content (38.63±0.88 mg GAE/g DW), while hawthorn showed the highest total sugar content (67.54±1.13 mg DE/g DW). Notably, hawthorn displayed potent inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase (1.59±0.04 μg Orlistat/g DW), α-amylase (4.26±0.23 mg Acarbose/g DW), and α-glucosidase (87.46±0.97 μg Acarbose/g DW), along with superior sodium glycocholate binding capacity (59.24%) and cholesterol adsorption (9.57 mg/g). Network pharmacology revealed that hawthorn, lotus leaf, and coix seed primarily targeted lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis pathways, particularly through insulin resistance regulation. Molecular docking simulations revealed that key bioactive compounds (including stigmasterol, sitosterol, and rutin) exhibited strong binding affinities with core targets (INS, ALB, IL-6, etc.). These findings highlight hawthorn, lotus leaf, and coix seed as promising candidates for developing natural hypolipidemic functional foods, supported by multi-omics evidence.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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