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To promote the development and application of Sibiraea angustata polysaccharides (SAPs), this study optimized the cellulase-ultrasonic synergistic extraction process of SAPs using response surface methodology (RSM), and further analyzed their structural characteristics and lipid-lowering activity. The results of process optimization indicated that the order of factors influencing the yield of SAPs was: solid-to-liquid ratio>enzyme addition amount >ultrasonic time. The optimal parameters for SAPs extraction were determined as follows: Liquid-to-solid ratio of 20 mL/g, enzyme addition of 3.5%, and ultrasonic time of 70 min, achieving a yield of 6.98% with extract rate of 65.23%. SAPs was an acidic heteropolysaccharide composed of 9 monosaccharide residues (Mw = 87.72 kDa), with highest galactose (32.9%), followed by rhamnose (25.7%), glucose (15%), and arabinose (12.6%). In addition, the IC50 values of SAPs for scavenging ability DPPH and ABTS+ radicals were 99.53 mg/L and 94.75 mg/L respectively, indicating their potential antioxidant activity. In terms of the lipid-lowering mechanism, SAPs exhibit a positive linear dependence on bile salt binding capacity. The binding rate of bile salt exceeds 60% at 5.0 mg/mL SAPs, with the strongest binding ability observed with taurocholate. With increasing concentrations of SAPs, the levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in zebrafish exhibited a dose-dependent decrease. Oil Red O staining further confirmed that SAPs significantly reduced lipid droplet deposition in the zebrafish tail, with the effect demonstrating a concentration-dependent manner. The lipid-lowering effect of SAPs was significantly concentration-dependent (P<0.05). The lipid-lowering rate reached 9.85% at 5.0 mg/mL SAPs, demonstrating that SAPs could effectively ameliorate hyperlipidemia through dose regulation. These results will lay a theoretical and technical foundation for the development of functional lipid-lowering products using SAPs.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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