Full
Outline
This study investigated the antibacterial components and underlying mechanisms of action of gallic (Galla chinensis) extracts. The ethanol extract was separated into different fractionations by using silica gel column chromatography, followed by analysis via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF MS). The mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of gallic extract on Penicillium citrinum was elucidated by assessing of cell membrane integrity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and cellular ultrastructure. The results demonstrated that the Fr.3 fraction exhibited an maximum inhibition zone against P. citrinum with the diameter of 17.85 mm. UPLC-QTOF MS analysis identified 12 bioactive compounds in Fr.3, including ellagic acid, gallic acid, and (-)-epigallocatechin, among others. Antifungal assays demonstrated that gallic acid and (-)-epigallocatechin inhibited P. citrinum growth by 53.99% and 45.75%, respectively, after 6 days of culture at 28 ℃. Gallic acid impaired cell membrane integrity, leading to a 78.80% increase in relative conductivity and a 60.16% increase in malondialdehyde content. Gallica acid also induced oxidative stress, resulting in elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which subsequently disrupted intracellular redox homeostasis in P. citrinum cells. Additionally, gallic acid inhibited mitochondrial function of P. citrinum, resulting in a 76.88% decrease in ATPase activity, a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential, with depolarization increased to 17.31-fold of the control. Furthermore, the P. citrinum cell ultrastructure was compromised and plasmolysis was observed. These findings elucidate the multitarget inhibitory mechanism of G. chinensis at the molecular level and provide a theoretical framework for natural antifungal agent development.
102
47
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
关闭全屏
No. 86 Xueyuan South Road, Haidian District, Beijing
010-62662699(Operation and Technical Support)
qkjq@cast.org.cn
Copyright © 2025 China Association for Science and Technology. All rights reserved. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.
Sponsored by the Office of the Leading Group for Cybersecurity and Informatization of CAST, and supported by Science and Technology Review Publishing House
