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To improve the functional properties of Rosa roxburghii Tratt. polysaccharide (RTFP), this study prepared crude polysaccharides (RTFP-40, RTFP-60) using water extraction, which were then separated, purified, and chemically modified to obtain sulfated polysaccharides (S-RTFP-40, S-RTFP-60) and phosphorylated polysaccharides (P-RTFP-40, P-RTFP-60). The effects of chemical modification on their structure and bioactivity were explored through in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic experiments. The results showed that both modifications could significantly alter the triple-helix structure of the RTFP-40 and RTFP-60 extracts and introduce sulfate and phosphate groups into the polysaccharide structure. Both modifications significantly improved the in vitro hypoglycemic ability of Rosa roxburghii polysaccharides, with the GDRI indices of S-RTFP-60 and P-RTFP-60 increasing by 8.27% and 3.73%, respectively. All four derivatives enhanced the inhibitory effect on α-amylase, with S-RTFP-40 and S-RTFP-60 increasing it by 15.19% and 41.53%, respectively. Excessive phosphorylation had a negative effect on antioxidant activity. Comparatively, sulfation was more effective than phosphorylation in enhancing both antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of the polysaccharides, with S-RTFP-60 showing a notable increase in vitro hypoglycemic activity. In summary, sulfation modification is suitable for improving the hypoglycemic activity of Rosa roxburghii polysaccharides.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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