This study conducted a systematic analysis of the quality characteristics of different rapeseed varieties from the Hulunbuir region and established a comprehensive evaluation system. Ten rapeseed varieties were selected, and the differences among various quality indicators were examined. Comprehensive evaluation was performed using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, leading to the development of a quality assessment model. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in key quality indicators among the varieties, with coefficients of variation ranging from 3.07% to 91.67%. Substantial variation was observed in indicators such as sterols, vitamin E, and mineral elements, reflecting clear differences in nutritional composition among varieties. Correlation analysis revealed strong correlations between certain components. PCA extracted six principal components, explaining 85.330% of the total variance, effectively representing the majority of the original information. Among the tested varieties, Longyou 10 had the highest comprehensive score, followed by Qingza 7 and Qingza 15, which exhibited superior performance in oil content, mineral elements, and sterol composition. Cluster analysis divided the ten varieties into six groups, among which group I, consisting of Qingza 15, Qingza 7, and Longyou 10, demonstrated the best overall quality. Collectively, this study provides a reference for evaluating the quality of different rapeseed varieties in Hulunbuir and offers a scientific basis for the selection of superior varieties and the regional industrial development of rapeseed resources.