Flavonoids are a class of natural products that include flavonoids, flavanones, and flavonols, which are found widely in nature and have a diverse range of important physiological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have revealed the ameliorative effects of flavonoids on different ocular diseases, including ocular surface diseases, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. In this paper, the recent progress in basic research on flavonoids interventions for ocular diseases is summarized, which have indicated that flavonoids may have a certain eye-protective effects, for which the main mechanisms of action have been identified as the antioxidant defense, modulation of anti-inflammatory and immune responses, and regulation of cell apoptosis. This review provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the eye-protective effects of flavonoids, as well as a scientific basis for further research and development on flavonoids, and also indicates the potential direction of future research.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |