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Outline
To investigate the effects of various freezing methods on the quality of frozen prepared abalone, steamed abalone was treated using −18 ℃ refrigerator freezing (RF−18 ℃), −35 ℃ refrigerator freezing (RF−35 ℃), −80 ℃ refrigerator freezing (RF−80 ℃), liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF−80 ℃), and immersion freezing (IF−30 ℃). The freezing rates, physicochemical properties, and volatile components of abalone stored at −18 ℃ for 30 days were measured. The results showed that the times taken by abalone to pass through the maximum ice crystal zone were 81 min (RF−18 ℃), 39 min (RF−35 ℃), 31 min (RF−80 ℃), 5 min (LNF−80 ℃), and 13 min (IF−30 ℃), respectively. Both LNF−80 ℃ and IF−30 ℃ groups effectively shortened the entire freezing period and were more efficient than RF in inhibiting the formation of TBARS and TVB-N. Abalone treated with LNF−80 °C and IF−30 °C exhibited a more compact microstructure. During frozen storage, the contents of nonanal and hexanal in abalone increased, leading to a stronger fishy odor. However, rapid freezing could delay the oxidation of lipids and proteins, thereby slowing down the deterioration of quality. Both LNF−80 ℃ and IF−30 ℃ effectively maintained the quality of abalone during the freezing process. However, from the perspective of energy consumption and equipment investment, IF−30 ℃ demonstrated higher cost-effectiveness. The findings of this study provide important theoretical and practical references for the selection of freezing technologies in the abalone processing and prepared dishes industries.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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