Article(id=1321766512076112890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1320883558764359808, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020223, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740499200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793063293713, onlineDateStr=2026-10-27, pubDate=1776182400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793063293713, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793063293713, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793063293713, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320883558764359808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1776182400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792852781239, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792852781239, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=193, endPage=201, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321766512348742651, articleId=1321766512076112890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Identification of Sanghuang Strains from Different Sources and Comparative Study on Their Liquid Fermentation Performance and in Vivo Antioxidant Activity, columnId=1261336275769016441, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Bioengineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, 10 Sanghuang strains were collected and identified, and the fermentation performances (mycelia biomass, color difference value and total flavonoid content) were analyzed in order to fully utilize Sanghuang resources and explore the functional activity of its mycelium. Based on the color difference values of mycelium, Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the total flavonoid content of mycelium and the color difference value. Finally, the in vivo antioxidant activity of Sanghuang mycelium was studied. The results showed that, Sanghuang strains could be roughly divided into three categories: Sanghuangporus vaninii, Sanghuangporus baumii and Inonotus baumii according to the observation of mycelia morphology and ITS sequence molecular identification. The biomass range of liquid fermented mycelium of 10 Sanghuang strains ranged from 4.90 g/L to 12.22 g/L. Among them, the highest total flavonoid content of mycelium was Sanghuang 2 of substitute cultivation (0.7 g/100 g), followed by Sanghuang 10 of basswood cultivation (0.45 g/100 g), with the lowest total flavonoid content of Sanghuang 1 of substitute cultivation was (0.07 g/100 g). Results indicated that the differences in total flavonoid contents of liquid fermented mycelium of Sanghuang strains could be mainly related to geographical origins and bacterial species, with low correlation with cultivation methods. Based on Pearson correlation analysis, it was found that the total flavonoid contents of Sanghuang were significantly negatively correlated with L* values (P<0.01), significantly positively correlated with b* values (P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with h* values (P<0.05). The functional test results of mice showed that the liquid fermented mycelia of Sanghuang had good safety, with a promoting effect on the growth performance, and effectively increased the SOD activity and reduced the MDA content in the serum of mice. Meanwhile, the liquid fermented mycelium obtained from basswood cultivation could lower the MDA content in the serum of mice more than that obtained mycelium from substitute cultivation. These results provided important reference for the targeted development and effective utilization of active ingredients of Sanghuang mycelium.

, authors=Siyu RUAN, Chunqin XIE*, Zheng CAO, Weijie ZHANG, Junmin FAN, Haidong ZHU, Guoli HE, authorsList=Siyu RUAN, Chunqin XIE, Zheng CAO, Weijie ZHANG, Junmin FAN, Haidong ZHU, Guoli HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chunqin XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321766515486081029, articleId=1321766512076112890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=不同来源桑黄菌种鉴定及其液体发酵性能与体内抗氧化活性比较, columnId=1261336277547401341, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=生物工程, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为充分利用桑黄资源,探究桑黄菌丝体功能活性,本文收集不同栽培方式和不同来源的10株桑黄(Phellinus linteus),并对其进行菌种鉴定,对10个不同的桑黄菌株液体发酵性能(菌丝体生物量、色差值和总黄酮含量)进行分析,基于菌丝体色差值,采用Pearson进行菌丝体总黄酮含量与色差值的相关性分析,最后对桑黄菌丝体的体内抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明:结合菌丝体形态观察和ITS序列分子鉴定,桑黄菌株大致可分为杨树桑黄孔菌(Sanghuangporus vaninii)、鲍姆桑黄孔菌(Sanghuangporus baumii)及其纤孔菌属(Inonotus baumii)三类。10株桑黄菌株液体发酵菌丝体生物量范围为4.90~12.22 g/L,其中代料栽培的桑2菌丝体总黄酮含量最高(0.7 g/100 g),其次是椴木栽培的桑10(0.45 g/100 g),而代料栽培的桑1总黄酮含量最低(0.07 g/100 g),这表明桑黄菌株液体发酵的菌丝体总黄酮含量差异可能主要与地理起源和菌种有关,与栽培方式关联度不高。经皮尔森相关性分析,发现桑黄总黄酮含量分别与色差值中的L*值呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与b*值呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与h*值呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。小鼠功能性试验结果表明,桑黄液体发酵菌丝体具有良好的安全性,对机体生长性能具有促进作用,且有效提高小鼠血清中的SOD活力和降低MDA含量,其中椴木栽培比代料栽培获得的桑黄液体发酵菌丝体更能降低小鼠血清中MDA含量,这些为桑黄菌丝体的定向开发与活性成分有效利用提供了重要参考依据。

, authors=阮思煜, 谢春芹*, 曹正, 张伟杰, 凡军民, 竺海东, 何国利, authorsList=阮思煜, 谢春芹, 曹正, 张伟杰, 凡军民, 竺海东, 何国利, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=谢春芹, authorNote=

阮思煜(1984−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食药用菌种质创新及其资源开发与利用,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
谢春芹(1976−),女,硕士,教授,研究方向:食用菌生产与加工,E-mail:。
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阮思煜(1984−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食药用菌种质创新及其资源开发与利用,E-mail:

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阮思煜(1984−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食药用菌种质创新及其资源开发与利用,E-mail:

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Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research, 2018, 7(6): 253-259., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1321766515792265222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321766515800653831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, companyId=1321766515792265222, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321766515809042440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, companyId=1321766515792265222, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=江苏农林职业技术学院茶与食品科技学院,江苏句容 212400)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1321766520645075000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Observation of mycelial morphology (A) and growth curves (B) of different Sanghuang strains, figureFileSmall=RG8XUWHCpegiCkmeazoxqw==, figureFileBig=+28oT0SkMyDQ8attFepORw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766520724766777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同菌株桑黄菌丝形态观察(A)与生长曲线(B), figureFileSmall=RG8XUWHCpegiCkmeazoxqw==, figureFileBig=+28oT0SkMyDQ8attFepORw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766520921899066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=PCR amplification results of ITS sequences from 10 Sanghuang strains, figureFileSmall=XmenCp5WycwhtyfsRJZ1Xg==, figureFileBig=sTWOTSOhvyVUH/hTd4EHFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766520993202235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=CN, label=图2, caption=10个桑黄菌株ITS序列PCR扩增结果

注:M:Marker;泳道1~10分别为桑1~桑10菌株的ITS扩增片段。

, figureFileSmall=XmenCp5WycwhtyfsRJZ1Xg==, figureFileBig=sTWOTSOhvyVUH/hTd4EHFA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766521081282620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Phylogenetic tree of Sanghuang strains based on the ITS sequence, figureFileSmall=ppRu6vqWPKPlJ4MmjV1wiA==, figureFileBig=cJNdNbJNGKSeJiWEpR2IsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766521152585789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=CN, label=图3, caption=基于ITS序列的桑黄菌株系统进化树, figureFileSmall=ppRu6vqWPKPlJ4MmjV1wiA==, figureFileBig=cJNdNbJNGKSeJiWEpR2IsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766521223888958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Apparent morphology of freeze-dried mycelia of liquid fermentation with different Sanghuang strains, figureFileSmall=hZ0TO4/3KtzEemXK/Yz4iQ==, figureFileBig=0ZAu3C2vBNLqwwfAYsJCMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766521316163647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同桑黄菌株液体发酵菌丝体冻干表观形态, figureFileSmall=hZ0TO4/3KtzEemXK/Yz4iQ==, figureFileBig=0ZAu3C2vBNLqwwfAYsJCMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766521416826944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparisons of biomass (A) and total flavonoids contents (B) of mycelia from liquid fermentations with different Sanghuang strains, figureFileSmall=SsUkRvKpP+HBdLvOn+iG5g==, figureFileBig=8+9JDcjgp4u/38jVXj1egw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766521551044673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同桑黄液体发酵菌丝体的生物量(A)与总黄酮含量(B)比较

注:不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=SsUkRvKpP+HBdLvOn+iG5g==, figureFileBig=8+9JDcjgp4u/38jVXj1egw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321766521676873794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Color difference values of freeze-dried fermented mycelium

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号L*a*b*b/ac*h*
桑175.74±0.68a2.51±0.33g13.12±0.28f5.23±0.39a13.35±0.28f79.16±0.28a
桑243.43±0.71i7.98±0.52bc35.56±0.55a4.46±0.62ab18.77±0.28e65.89±0.28g
桑363.97±1.02c5.60±0.20e15.62±1.24e2.79±0.49cd19.37±0.28d74.80±0.28c
桑469.95±0.66b4.86±0.44f20.08±0.83d4.13±0.56b20.66±0.28c76.39±0.28b
桑562.36±0.67c6.06±0.47de22.14±1.01c3.65±0.44bc22.96±0.28b74.69±0.28c
桑657.50±0.46e8.76±0.21a24.07±1.07b2.75±0.28cd23.61±0.28a69.99±0.28f
桑759.14±1.28de6.67±0.35d22.19±0.77c3.33±0.48bc23.17±0.28ab73.26±0.28d
桑855.13±0.82f8.04±0.23b22.47±0.89c2.79±0.26cd23.87±0.28a70.30±0.28f
桑949.18±0.55g7.53±0.28c17.29±0.63e2.30±0.30d18.86±0.28de66.47±0.28g
桑1045.33±0.46h8.09±0.55b25.67±1.03b3.17±0.52c24.53±0.28a71.86±0.28e
试样平均59.47±1.11d6.61±0.46d21.82±0.59c3.46±0.45bc21.12±0.28c72.28±0.28e
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521769148483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

冻干发酵菌丝体色差值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号L*a*b*b/ac*h*
桑175.74±0.68a2.51±0.33g13.12±0.28f5.23±0.39a13.35±0.28f79.16±0.28a
桑243.43±0.71i7.98±0.52bc35.56±0.55a4.46±0.62ab18.77±0.28e65.89±0.28g
桑363.97±1.02c5.60±0.20e15.62±1.24e2.79±0.49cd19.37±0.28d74.80±0.28c
桑469.95±0.66b4.86±0.44f20.08±0.83d4.13±0.56b20.66±0.28c76.39±0.28b
桑562.36±0.67c6.06±0.47de22.14±1.01c3.65±0.44bc22.96±0.28b74.69±0.28c
桑657.50±0.46e8.76±0.21a24.07±1.07b2.75±0.28cd23.61±0.28a69.99±0.28f
桑759.14±1.28de6.67±0.35d22.19±0.77c3.33±0.48bc23.17±0.28ab73.26±0.28d
桑855.13±0.82f8.04±0.23b22.47±0.89c2.79±0.26cd23.87±0.28a70.30±0.28f
桑949.18±0.55g7.53±0.28c17.29±0.63e2.30±0.30d18.86±0.28de66.47±0.28g
桑1045.33±0.46h8.09±0.55b25.67±1.03b3.17±0.52c24.53±0.28a71.86±0.28e
试样平均59.47±1.11d6.61±0.46d21.82±0.59c3.46±0.45bc21.12±0.28c72.28±0.28e
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521840451652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Regression equations and correlation coefficient of color difference Y on total flavonoid content X

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
色差值参数Y回归方程相关系数
L*Y1Y1=−0.0125X+1.0067-0.6949
a*Y2Y2=0.0417X+0.00440.4259
b*Y3Y3=0.0237X−0.23610.7860
b/aY4Y4=0.0280X+0.18320.1364
c*Y5Y5=0.0016X+0.24580.0318
h*Y6Y6=−0.0258X+2.1475-0.5853
), ArticleFig(id=1321766521920143429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

色差Y对总黄酮含量X的回归方程及相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
色差值参数Y回归方程相关系数
L*Y1Y1=−0.0125X+1.0067-0.6949
a*Y2Y2=0.0417X+0.00440.4259
b*Y3Y3=0.0237X−0.23610.7860
b/aY4Y4=0.0280X+0.18320.1364
c*Y5Y5=0.0016X+0.24580.0318
h*Y6Y6=−0.0258X+2.1475-0.5853
), ArticleFig(id=1321766522025001030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Changes in body weight of mice in different treatment groups (g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别饲喂前饲喂第7 d饲喂第14 d
空白对照组39.49±1.43a39.54±1.20b39.89±0.49b
VC组40.52±1.36a41.92±0.53a41.70±0.58a
桑1组40.83±0.37a41.34±1.06ab41.56±1.01a
桑2组41.98±1.26a42.49±0.39a43.20±0.78a
桑3组40.77±0.33a41.67±0.87a42.03±1.13a
桑4组41.55±1.48a41.89±0.75a42.20±1.04a
桑5组41.13±0.96a42.56±1.55a42.14±0.41a
桑6组41.89±1.36a42.56±0.64a42.35±0.59a
桑7组40.66±1.18a41.48±0.33a41.79±1.14a
桑8组41.69±1.42a42.77±1.01a42.53±0.93a
桑9组41.38±0.74a42.36±0.98a42.14±0.77a
桑10组41.83±1.64a41.65±0.99ab42.23±1.22a
), ArticleFig(id=1321766522138247239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同处理组小鼠体重变化情况(g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别饲喂前饲喂第7 d饲喂第14 d
空白对照组39.49±1.43a39.54±1.20b39.89±0.49b
VC组40.52±1.36a41.92±0.53a41.70±0.58a
桑1组40.83±0.37a41.34±1.06ab41.56±1.01a
桑2组41.98±1.26a42.49±0.39a43.20±0.78a
桑3组40.77±0.33a41.67±0.87a42.03±1.13a
桑4组41.55±1.48a41.89±0.75a42.20±1.04a
桑5组41.13±0.96a42.56±1.55a42.14±0.41a
桑6组41.89±1.36a42.56±0.64a42.35±0.59a
桑7组40.66±1.18a41.48±0.33a41.79±1.14a
桑8组41.69±1.42a42.77±1.01a42.53±0.93a
桑9组41.38±0.74a42.36±0.98a42.14±0.77a
桑10组41.83±1.64a41.65±0.99ab42.23±1.22a
), ArticleFig(id=1321766522247299144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Changes in organ indices of mice in different treatment groups

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组别心(%)肝(%)脾(%)肺(%)肾(%)
空白对照组0.57±0.05a6.06±0.56a0.61±0.37a0.58±0.03a1.56±0.14a
VC组0.53±0.01a5.95±0.40a0.64±0.24a0.56±0.07a1.58±0.09a
桑1组0.54±0.02a5.84±0.80a0.60±0.18a0.62±0.01a1.60±0.12a
桑2组0.56±0.02a6.09±0.19a0.60±0.20a0.57±0.05a1.62±0.18a
桑3组0.52±0.03a6.00±0.50a0.59±0.26a0.58±0.02a1.62±0.07a
桑4组0.51±0.01a5.99±0.85a0.61±0.17a0.60±0.05a1.59±0.10a
桑5组0.54±0.04a5.94±1.40a0.63±0.08a0.58±0.01a1.62±0.11a
桑6组0.55±0.02a5.96±1.20a0.62±0.23a0.59±0.02a1.58±0.13a
桑7组0.53±0.01a5.89±0.90a0.57±0.38a0.62±0.04a1.56±0.08a
桑8组0.56±0.01a5.92±0.72a0.61±0.16a0.58±0.06a1.63±0.04a
桑9组0.54±0.02a6.14±1.10a0.58±0.28a0.61±0.02a1.55±0.15a
桑10组0.53±0.04a5.90±1.20a0.59±0.15a0.59±0.03a1.60±0.10a
), ArticleFig(id=1321766522356351049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同处理组小鼠脏器指数变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别心(%)肝(%)脾(%)肺(%)肾(%)
空白对照组0.57±0.05a6.06±0.56a0.61±0.37a0.58±0.03a1.56±0.14a
VC组0.53±0.01a5.95±0.40a0.64±0.24a0.56±0.07a1.58±0.09a
桑1组0.54±0.02a5.84±0.80a0.60±0.18a0.62±0.01a1.60±0.12a
桑2组0.56±0.02a6.09±0.19a0.60±0.20a0.57±0.05a1.62±0.18a
桑3组0.52±0.03a6.00±0.50a0.59±0.26a0.58±0.02a1.62±0.07a
桑4组0.51±0.01a5.99±0.85a0.61±0.17a0.60±0.05a1.59±0.10a
桑5组0.54±0.04a5.94±1.40a0.63±0.08a0.58±0.01a1.62±0.11a
桑6组0.55±0.02a5.96±1.20a0.62±0.23a0.59±0.02a1.58±0.13a
桑7组0.53±0.01a5.89±0.90a0.57±0.38a0.62±0.04a1.56±0.08a
桑8组0.56±0.01a5.92±0.72a0.61±0.16a0.58±0.06a1.63±0.04a
桑9组0.54±0.02a6.14±1.10a0.58±0.28a0.61±0.02a1.55±0.15a
桑10组0.53±0.04a5.90±1.20a0.59±0.15a0.59±0.03a1.60±0.10a
), ArticleFig(id=1321766522452820042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Serum oxidative stress levels of mice in different treatment groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别SOD(U/mL)GSH-PX(U/mL)MDA(nmol/mL)
空白对照组24.13±2.20d278.34±59.15a34.05±1.97a
VC组37.48±2.31a289.66±48.79a23.10±1.59c
桑1组27.33±2.20cd274.56±36.46a29.33±1.16ab
桑2组32.57±1.23b271.32±24.55a27.86±0.71b
桑3组28.18±1.10c269.42±35.22a28.86±2.72ab
桑4组30.57±1.23bc263.96±44.76a31.09±1.64a
桑5组29.18±2.10c268.75±45.21a30.24±2.44ab
桑6组25.44±1.38d280.43±44.22a33.24±1.85a
桑7组26.27±0.75cd278.64±43.75a31.96±2.15ab
桑8组31.87±2.09b279.48±52.24a23.58±2.01c
桑9组34.57±1.01ab278. 17±44.25a22.11±1.34c
桑10组30.57±1.45bc274.58±33.63a24.86±1.73c
), ArticleFig(id=1321766522561871947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321766512076112890, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同处理组的小鼠血清氧化应激水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别SOD(U/mL)GSH-PX(U/mL)MDA(nmol/mL)
空白对照组24.13±2.20d278.34±59.15a34.05±1.97a
VC组37.48±2.31a289.66±48.79a23.10±1.59c
桑1组27.33±2.20cd274.56±36.46a29.33±1.16ab
桑2组32.57±1.23b271.32±24.55a27.86±0.71b
桑3组28.18±1.10c269.42±35.22a28.86±2.72ab
桑4组30.57±1.23bc263.96±44.76a31.09±1.64a
桑5组29.18±2.10c268.75±45.21a30.24±2.44ab
桑6组25.44±1.38d280.43±44.22a33.24±1.85a
桑7组26.27±0.75cd278.64±43.75a31.96±2.15ab
桑8组31.87±2.09b279.48±52.24a23.58±2.01c
桑9组34.57±1.01ab278. 17±44.25a22.11±1.34c
桑10组30.57±1.45bc274.58±33.63a24.86±1.73c
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不同来源桑黄菌种鉴定及其液体发酵性能与体内抗氧化活性比较
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阮思煜 , 谢春芹 * , 曹正 , 张伟杰 , 凡军民 , 竺海东 , 何国利
食品工业科技 | 生物工程 2026,47(8): 193-201
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食品工业科技 |生物工程 2026 , 47 (8) : 193 -201
不同来源桑黄菌种鉴定及其液体发酵性能与体内抗氧化活性比较
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阮思煜 , 谢春芹* , 曹正, 张伟杰, 凡军民, 竺海东, 何国利
作者信息
  • 江苏农林职业技术学院茶与食品科技学院,江苏句容 212400
通讯作者:
谢春芹(1976−),女,硕士,教授,研究方向:食用菌生产与加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

阮思煜(1984−),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:食药用菌种质创新及其资源开发与利用,E-mail:

Identification of Sanghuang Strains from Different Sources and Comparative Study on Their Liquid Fermentation Performance and in Vivo Antioxidant Activity
Siyu RUAN , Chunqin XIE* , Zheng CAO, Weijie ZHANG, Junmin FAN, Haidong ZHU, Guoli HE
Affiliations
  • School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China
出版时间: 2026-04-15 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020223
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为充分利用桑黄资源,探究桑黄菌丝体功能活性,本文收集不同栽培方式和不同来源的10株桑黄(Phellinus linteus),并对其进行菌种鉴定,对10个不同的桑黄菌株液体发酵性能(菌丝体生物量、色差值和总黄酮含量)进行分析,基于菌丝体色差值,采用Pearson进行菌丝体总黄酮含量与色差值的相关性分析,最后对桑黄菌丝体的体内抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明:结合菌丝体形态观察和ITS序列分子鉴定,桑黄菌株大致可分为杨树桑黄孔菌(Sanghuangporus vaninii)、鲍姆桑黄孔菌(Sanghuangporus baumii)及其纤孔菌属(Inonotus baumii)三类。10株桑黄菌株液体发酵菌丝体生物量范围为4.90~12.22 g/L,其中代料栽培的桑2菌丝体总黄酮含量最高(0.7 g/100 g),其次是椴木栽培的桑10(0.45 g/100 g),而代料栽培的桑1总黄酮含量最低(0.07 g/100 g),这表明桑黄菌株液体发酵的菌丝体总黄酮含量差异可能主要与地理起源和菌种有关,与栽培方式关联度不高。经皮尔森相关性分析,发现桑黄总黄酮含量分别与色差值中的L*值呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与b*值呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与h*值呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。小鼠功能性试验结果表明,桑黄液体发酵菌丝体具有良好的安全性,对机体生长性能具有促进作用,且有效提高小鼠血清中的SOD活力和降低MDA含量,其中椴木栽培比代料栽培获得的桑黄液体发酵菌丝体更能降低小鼠血清中MDA含量,这些为桑黄菌丝体的定向开发与活性成分有效利用提供了重要参考依据。

桑黄  /  不同品种  /  总黄酮  /  抗氧化活性  /  色差  /  相关性分析

In this study, 10 Sanghuang strains were collected and identified, and the fermentation performances (mycelia biomass, color difference value and total flavonoid content) were analyzed in order to fully utilize Sanghuang resources and explore the functional activity of its mycelium. Based on the color difference values of mycelium, Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the total flavonoid content of mycelium and the color difference value. Finally, the in vivo antioxidant activity of Sanghuang mycelium was studied. The results showed that, Sanghuang strains could be roughly divided into three categories: Sanghuangporus vaninii, Sanghuangporus baumii and Inonotus baumii according to the observation of mycelia morphology and ITS sequence molecular identification. The biomass range of liquid fermented mycelium of 10 Sanghuang strains ranged from 4.90 g/L to 12.22 g/L. Among them, the highest total flavonoid content of mycelium was Sanghuang 2 of substitute cultivation (0.7 g/100 g), followed by Sanghuang 10 of basswood cultivation (0.45 g/100 g), with the lowest total flavonoid content of Sanghuang 1 of substitute cultivation was (0.07 g/100 g). Results indicated that the differences in total flavonoid contents of liquid fermented mycelium of Sanghuang strains could be mainly related to geographical origins and bacterial species, with low correlation with cultivation methods. Based on Pearson correlation analysis, it was found that the total flavonoid contents of Sanghuang were significantly negatively correlated with L* values (P<0.01), significantly positively correlated with b* values (P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with h* values (P<0.05). The functional test results of mice showed that the liquid fermented mycelia of Sanghuang had good safety, with a promoting effect on the growth performance, and effectively increased the SOD activity and reduced the MDA content in the serum of mice. Meanwhile, the liquid fermented mycelium obtained from basswood cultivation could lower the MDA content in the serum of mice more than that obtained mycelium from substitute cultivation. These results provided important reference for the targeted development and effective utilization of active ingredients of Sanghuang mycelium.

Sanghuang  /  different varieties  /  total flavonoids  /  antioxidant activity  /  color difference  /  correlation analysis
阮思煜, 谢春芹, 曹正, 张伟杰, 凡军民, 竺海东, 何国利. 不同来源桑黄菌种鉴定及其液体发酵性能与体内抗氧化活性比较. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (8) : 193 -201 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020223
Siyu RUAN, Chunqin XIE, Zheng CAO, Weijie ZHANG, Junmin FAN, Haidong ZHU, Guoli HE. Identification of Sanghuang Strains from Different Sources and Comparative Study on Their Liquid Fermentation Performance and in Vivo Antioxidant Activity[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (8) : 193 -201 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020223
桑黄作为一种珍稀的多年生食药兼用菌,因具有显著的抗氧化活性和增强免疫力等功效而受到越来越多的关注[1−4]。目前,桑黄的功效成分研究主要侧重于子实体,包括黄酮、多糖、萜类等多种活性成分[5−7],且桑黄的生物活性与其品种、栽培方式以及长期生长过程中的代谢产物密切相关[8−10]。近年来,由于野生桑黄资源日益减少,而人工栽培桑黄子实体的生产周期较长,难以实现子实体量产。相对于食药用菌子实体来说,菌丝体的生长周期较短,且栽培消耗的资源少,因此越来越多研究者试图通过获得大量的桑黄菌丝体来缩短发酵和栽培时间以实现桑黄量产和黄酮等活性物质的积累,从而达到增强其功能活性的目的[11−14]。
桑黄因颜色普遍为淡黄色或暗黄色而被称为桑黄,黄酮类化合物作为桑黄中的主要颜色物质,不仅影响桑黄的外观,而且对其药用特性具有重要贡献。黄酮类化合物可以通过防止氧化损伤和氧化应激等方式起到抗衰老和抗肿瘤作用[15−16]。但目前大多数桑黄黄酮的抗氧化活性研究仅体现在体外DPPH自由基清除力、ABTS+自由基清除力和铁离子还原力等指标测定[17−18],对于桑黄菌丝体色差值以及体内抗氧化活性方面研究尚未有文献报道。因此,对不同品种桑黄进行有效的菌种鉴定并探究其菌丝体生长和发酵性能,评估其体内抗氧化活性,充分利用桑黄菌丝体并开发其功效成分,是非常必要且具有潜力的。
目前,已报道被记载的国内外桑黄孔菌属共有18个物种[19],且不同品种、培养方式对桑黄菌丝体生长性能、基质转化以及药理成分和体内外抗氧化能力等有显著影响,这可能是桑黄母菌种本身遗传背景和生长气候条件综合作用的结果。如固态发酵条件下桑黄菌丝体黄酮的基质转化比普遍高于液态培养[20]。但液态发酵具有时间短、节约成本、物料交换充分、发酵均一度高、发酵过程可实现实时监测、质量稳定性高等优势被广泛应用于实际生产中。本研究收集10种不同品种桑黄菌株,结合分子生物学和平板菌丝体形态观察,进行菌株鉴定;通过液体发酵获得桑黄菌丝体,探究菌丝体生物量、色差值和总黄酮含量差异;基于菌丝体色差值,采用Pearson分析菌丝体总黄酮含量与色差值的相关性,同时比较不同来源桑黄液体发酵菌丝体的小鼠体内血清抗氧化能力,为后续桑黄定向选育及其功能活性成分开发与利用提供重要理论依据。
10支桑黄菌株斜面试管 均保藏于江苏农林职业技术学院江苏食用菌研究所,其中桑1、桑2、桑6、桑7均来自于不同的人工代料(木屑78%,玉米粉10%,麸皮10%,蔗糖1%,石膏1%)栽培品种,桑3、桑4、桑5均为野生桑黄,分别来自于吉林与西藏,桑8、桑9与桑10均来自于不同的人工椴木栽培桑黄,购自山东;芦丁标准品(≥95.0%)、真菌菌种鉴定试剂盒 生工生物(上海)股份有限公司;葡萄糖、硫酸镁、磷酸二氢钾、酵母膏、蛋白胨、琼脂、DPPH溶液、无水乙醇、NaNO2、NaOH、Al(NO3)3 分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司;SOD、MDA、GSH-Px试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所;马铃薯 市售;6~7周龄的ICR雄性小鼠 体重为40±2 g,动物合格证号为SCXK(苏)2018-0012,购自江苏大学实验动物中心。
1700B 紫外可见分光光度计 北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司;ME 104 E分析天平 梅特勒托利多科技(中国)有限公司;SPX-250B-Z生化培养箱 上海博迅实业有限公司医疗设备厂;TS-211B全温恒温振荡摇床 常州金坛精达仪器制造有限公司;LGJ-18N/A真空冷冻干燥机 北京亚墨仪科科技发展有限公司;NR200+色差仪 广东三恩时科技有限公司。
马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)培养基制备:称取200 g去皮马铃薯,洗净、去皮、切块,加入1 L蒸馏水后煮烂(25~30 min),随后采用4层纱布过滤,得到土豆滤液,往滤液中加入20 g葡萄糖和20 g琼脂,搅拌均匀,使其完全溶解,最后往滤液中补充蒸馏水至1 L,将pH调至7.0±0.1,配制成PDA固体培养基,121 ℃高压灭菌30 min,冷却后贮存备用。
种子液培养基制备:土豆滤液同上述PDA培养基配制步骤,然后在土豆滤液中加入葡萄糖(不加琼脂),搅拌均匀,使其完全溶解,最后往滤液中补充蒸馏水至1 L,将pH调至7.0±0.1,配制成PDA液体培养基,121 ℃高压灭菌30 min,冷却后贮存备用。
发酵液培养基制备:土豆滤液同上述PDA培养基配制步骤,然后在土豆滤液中加入20 g葡萄糖(不加琼脂),2 g蛋白胨、2 g酵母膏、2 g磷酸二氢钾和1.5 g硫酸镁,搅拌均匀,使其完全溶解,最后往滤液中补充蒸馏水至1 L,将pH调至7.0±0.1,配制成PDA液体培养基,121 ℃高压灭菌30 min,冷却后贮存备用。
使用接种环取斜面试管保藏的不同来源桑黄菌种块,转接至装有PDA的平板培养基中,置于25 ℃培养10~15 d,取生长旺盛的菌丝块(5 mm×5 mm)再转接种于新鲜PDA平板培养基中,25 ℃培养15~25 d,得到活化的桑黄菌株。
将活化后的桑黄菌株接种到PDA平板上,每隔2~3 d测定菌落直径,每个平板设置三个重复,最后绘制桑黄菌丝生长曲线。
参考试剂盒说明书,对上述1.2.2.1中的10株菌丝体基因组DNA进行提取,提取出的DNA样品置于−20 ℃保存。
PCR扩增时采用真菌鉴定试剂盒携带的引物seqR(5’GAGCGGATAACAATTTCACACAGG3’)和seqF(5’CGCCAGGGTTTTCCCAGTCACGAC3’)进行扩增。实验采用25 µL PCR反应体系:2 µL模板DNA,2.0 µL引物(20 µmol/L),12.5 µL 2×Taq PCR Mix聚合酶,8.5 µL ddH2O。PCR 扩增: 94 ℃ 5 min(预变性);30个循环(94 ℃ 30 s,55 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 60 s); 72 ℃ 10 min;降至4 ℃结束。然后采用1.0%琼脂糖凝胶电泳对扩增片段进行验证,同时PCR扩增产物送至生工生物(上海)股份有限公司进行测序,利用NCBI数据库中BLAST分析查找相似性序列,对桑黄进行同源性分析。
将纯化的10个菌株的ITS 序列与GenBank中的序列进行对比,使用MEGA软件进行Align DNA分析,构建10个菌株的系统发育树,得出最终鉴定结果。
在无菌操作条件下,挑选若干适当大小的活化菌丝块(5 mm×5 mm)于灭菌的种子液体培养基中,将接种后的锥形瓶置于温度25 ℃、转速150 r/min的恒温摇床中培养7~10 d。
按8%(V/V)的接种量将种子培养液接种到发酵培养基中,于150 r/min、25 ℃恒温摇床中培养7 d,即得发酵培养基。
将发酵液于4000 r/min离心10 min,弃去上清液,得到菌丝体沉淀,使用无菌蒸馏水充分冲洗菌丝体,再进行离心,如此反复3~5次,最后收集沉淀并冷冻干燥,得到桑黄菌丝体粉末。
取1.2.3.3制备的菌丝体粉末,使用色差仪对不同来源桑黄菌丝体进行色差分析,每组设置三个平行。其中L*值表示明度,0表示黑色,100表示白色;a*值表示红绿色度,a*越大越偏红;b*值表示黄蓝色度,b*越大越接近橙色;b/a表示色相;c*表示色度值,反映色素浓度,c*越大,颜色越鲜艳;h*表示色相角,0°表示纯红色,45°表示橘红,90°表示橙色,180°表示纯绿色。
桑黄菌株在发酵培养基中培养 7 d后,用无菌蒸馏水反复冲洗菌丝体 3~5次,去除菌丝体表面附着的培养基,收集桑黄菌丝体,置于恒温鼓风干燥烘箱中,60 ℃烘干至恒重后,使用分析天平称重并记录其干重。
采用NaNO2-Al(NO3)3比色法测定桑黄中总黄酮含量[21]。分别取 0.332 mg/mL芦丁标准液 0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mL于 6支试管中,加入0.3 mL的 5% NaNO2溶液,并充分摇匀后静置 6 min,加入 0.3 mL的 5% A1(NO3)3溶液,再次摇匀并静置 6 min,使用4%NaOH溶液将样品定容至15 mL,并充分摇匀后静置12 min,随后于504 nm波长处测定其吸光度值(OD),依据此数据建立标准曲线(y=0.0065x+0.0292,R2=0.996)。按照以下公式计算样品中总黄酮含量Cx。
$ \mathrm{C_x}=\frac{\mathrm{C}_1\times\mathrm{V}_2}{\mathrm{C}\times\mathrm{V}_1\times100}\times1000 $
式中:Cx为样品中总黄酮含量(g/100 g);C1为根据标准曲线计算出的待测液中黄酮的含量(mg);C为样品质量(g);V1为样品提取液测定用的体积(mL);V2为样品提取液的总体积(mL)。
参考文献[22]的方法,将小鼠放于饲养笼饲养,饲养温度为23±2 ℃,光照周期为12 h光照/12 h黑暗,给予标准饮食和充足饮水,每天检测小鼠的体重、进食量和生理活动变化。将小鼠随机分组,每组10只,分别为样品组(桑1、桑2、桑3、桑4、桑5、桑6、桑7、桑8、桑9和桑10,给药剂量均为400 mg/kg BW)、空白对照组和阳性对照组(总共12组),其中空白对照组以生理盐水灌胃,阳性对照组给予灌胃VC,给药剂量为200 mg/kg BW,实验周期为14 d。该动物实验经过江苏大学实验动物管理和使用委员会批准(批准号:UJS-IACUC-2024122004)。
试验第0、7及14 d,小鼠禁食不禁水24 h,然后称量体重,观察各组小鼠体重变化。
试验第14 d,小鼠颈椎脱臼处死后迅速解剖,取出心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺及肾脏,剔除脂肪、筋膜等结缔组织,生理盐水冲洗,滤纸拭干,测定器官重量及体重,计算器官指数。
$ \mathrm{器官指数}(\text{%})=\frac{\text{脏器重量}}{\text{体重}}\times 100 $
试验第14 d,采集小鼠血液样本,分离血清,按照试剂盒说明书对血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和丙二醛(MDA)进行测定,评价小鼠血清的抗氧化能力。
采用Excel和OriginLab 2019b(皮尔森相关性分析)进行数据处理分析,每组处理设置三次平行实验,结果以平均值±标准误差的形式表示。结果右上角的小写字母的不同表示其差异达到显著水平,P<0.05,表明两组数据具有显著性差异,P<0.01,表明两组数据具有极显著差异。
将10株桑黄斜面试管菌种均通过平板转接活化,置于25 ℃恒温培养箱中避光培养,活化后得到长满平板的新鲜菌丝体,期间观察桑黄菌丝体的生长变化,不同菌株的菌丝体形态如图1所示,依次将其命名为桑1~桑10。由图1A可知,桑1、桑2、桑6、桑7和桑10菌丝均为浅黄色,生长速度较快,大约14 d长满平板;桑3、桑4、桑5、桑8和桑9菌丝为黄色或黄褐色。菌落质地均为亚毡状,有明显的环纹,边缘锯齿状,中间呈现明显的色素沉着,其中,桑3、桑4、桑5生长速度较慢,由此可知,不同来源桑黄的菌丝形态和生长速度明显不同,相较于人工栽培桑黄菌种,野生桑黄菌丝体表面颜色偏深,生长速度偏慢。生长速度接近的情况下,椴木栽培的菌丝体(桑8、桑9和桑10)比代料栽培(桑1、桑2、桑6和桑7)菌丝体颜色深,这可能与其生长环境和生长过程中代谢产物色素的产生有关[23]。
10个菌株提取DNA后对其ITS序列进行PCR扩增,扩增产物的电泳结果如图2所示,不同桑黄菌株胶图均显示单一明亮且清晰的条带,其中桑1、桑2、桑6、桑7、桑8、桑9和桑10的扩增产物片段大小为750 bp左右,此结果与李田[20]对于桑黄ITS序列的扩增结果相似,而桑3、桑4、桑5野生菌株的扩增产物片段大小为1000 bp左右,这可能与其来源有关或PCR扩增时进行TA克隆分析有关,还需进一步进行验证。
将PCR获得的ITS序列与GenBank数据库中相关代表物种的ITS序列进行相似性分析,构建10个桑黄菌株的系统发育树,比较其亲缘关系,结果如图3所示。结果表明,10株桑黄菌株中,桑3和桑4的同源性较高,相似比达到99%,根据ITS序列的比对,当序列相似性≥99%时,可判断为相同种,则桑3和桑4为鲍姆桑黄孔菌(Sanghuangporus baumii);其次是桑5、桑8、桑9和桑10的亲缘关系较近,可能为鲍氏桑黄孔菌中的纤孔菌属(Inonotus baumii);再次是桑6和桑7(ident. 44%)亲缘关系较近,桑1和桑2(ident. 41%)亲缘关系较近,可能均为杨树桑黄孔菌(Sanghuangporus vaninii)。该鉴定结果可为后续的功能活性成分及其抗氧化活性分析提供参考依据。
桑黄液体发酵结束后,将发酵液离心所得的菌丝体沉淀进行冷冻干燥,由图4可知,发酵菌丝体的颜色(由白色至浅黄色、黄色和棕褐色)明显不同。与平板菌丝体颜色形态相比,冻干后的液体发酵菌丝体颜色明显偏暗,这可能与不同菌株桑黄液体发酵过程中产生的代谢产物不同有关。李田[20]研究发现,不同菌株桑黄在相同的液态发酵条件中菌丝得率、黄酮积累量和基质转化比都有所差异,且固态发酵方式的基质转化比值普遍高于液态发酵,这表明不同培养方式、不同菌株的桑黄次生代谢产物积累程度有较大差异,这也为本实验后续通过菌丝体颜色作为桑黄品质的一种鉴别方法提供重要参考。
目前市场上桑黄品质的鉴别方法主要包括颜色鉴别、触感鉴别、气味鉴别、形态鉴别以及活性物质检测等[24]。色彩色差计是通过模拟人眼对颜色的判断,得到样品颜色的3个刺激值X、Y和Z,再根据国际照明委员会Lab颜色空间原理计算得出色差值明度(L*)、红绿色轴分量(a*)、黄蓝色轴分量(b*),最后通过L*、a*、b*将颜色准确量化[25],目前已被广泛应用于食品和医药等相关领域[26−27]。
将液体发酵后的菌丝体进行冷冻干燥,由表1可知,桑1菌丝体的L*值最高,表明桑1明亮度最好,桑2菌丝体的明亮度相对较差,该结果与图4分析结果较一致。另外,桑6的红绿色度表征量a*值最高,表明桑6偏红,而桑2的黄蓝色度表征量b*值最高,表明桑2偏黄;其中桑10的色彩饱和度表征量c*值最高,即桑10的颜色较鲜艳,均匀性较好。这些颜色差异是由不同桑黄菌株液体发酵后产生不同的次生代谢产物造成的。黄酮母核的电子发生转移、重排会产生延长的共轭链,这一特性使黄酮类化合物具有不同的颜色,极大丰富了天然色素家族。黄酮类化合物作为桑黄中主要呈色物质之一,不仅赋予菌丝体独特的外观和颜色饱和度、明亮度等视觉特性,而且可以间接反映桑黄代谢产物的累积程度。这些不同桑黄菌丝体的颜色差异一定程度上反映了其代谢过程中黄酮类化合物的积累量,而次生代谢物的产生与其本身生长或栽培环境有关[28],这些为后续桑黄品质的表观判定以及代谢物质的积累提供重要参考依据。
桑黄菌丝体是其吸收营养、运输代谢物质、储藏代谢产物及进行繁殖的营养器官。由图5(A)可知,不同桑黄菌株在液体发酵过程中菌丝体生物量具有明显差异,其中桑1的生物量最多,达到12.22 g/L,其次是桑9,其生物量达到10.89 g/L,而桑4的生物量最少,仅为4.90 g/L,这表明不同来源桑黄菌株的液体发酵过程中,菌丝体生长速度不同,这为后续培养基筛选以及发酵产物的定向累积提供重要依据。
由图5(B)可知,不同桑黄菌株液体发酵后的菌丝体总黄酮含量具有明显差异,其中桑2的总黄酮含量最高,为0.70 g/100 g菌丝体(干基);其次是桑10,黄酮含量为0.45 g/100 g菌丝体(干基),再次是桑4的黄酮含量,为0.36 g/100 g菌丝体(干基);其中桑8和桑9、桑3和桑5以及桑6和桑7,且两两之间的总黄酮含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05);桑1的黄酮含量最低,仅为0.07 g/100 g菌丝体(干基)。由此可知,桑黄菌株液体发酵后菌丝体总黄酮含量差异与栽培料方式(代料或椴木栽培)关联度不高。此外,结合表1中桑1的最低b*值和桑2的最高b*值(黄色度表征量)以及菌丝体整体呈色趋势,表明黄酮类化合物在桑黄菌丝体外观的黄色饱和度中具有重要指导意义。
皮尔森相关性分析用于度量两个变量X和Y之间的线性相关,本实验通过对桑黄菌丝体色泽与总黄酮含量进行相关性分析,将色差值L*、a*、b*、b/a、c*、h*依次记为参数Y1、Y2、Y3、Y4、Y5、Y6,总黄酮含量记为X,用OriginLab2019b处理数据,得出Y对X的线性回归方程及相关系数(表2)。
由表2可知,由于相关系数−0.6949、0.7860、−0.5853的绝对值均大于0.5,因此Y1与总黄酮含量X之间呈现极显著负相关(P<0.01),Y3与总黄酮含量X之间呈现极显著正相关(P<0.01),Y6与总黄酮含量X之间呈现显著负相关(P<0.05)。即桑黄总黄酮含量分别与L*值呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与b*值呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与h*值呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。因此,用色差值L*、b*、h*来反映总黄酮含量是可行的。
桑黄因颜色普遍为淡黄色或暗黄色而被称为桑黄,黄酮类化合物作为桑黄中的主要颜色物质,不仅影响桑黄的外观,而且对其药用特性具有重要贡献。朱姝枚[29]优化忍冬桑黄液体发酵工艺,其优化后的发酵提取物通过UPLC-MS/MS共检测到忍冬桑黄菌丝体中共49种黄酮类化合物,主要包括二氢黄酮醇、二氢黄酮、查耳酮、黄酮、异黄酮、黄烷醇类、黄酮醇七类呈色物质。从黄酮类化合物的化学组成来看,黄酮、黄酮醇及其苷类多呈灰黄至黄色,查尔酮为黄色至橙黄色,而二氢黄酮、二氢黄酮醇、异黄酮类等因不存在共轭体系或共轭很少,故不显色[30]。综上所述,黄酮类化合物在桑黄外观呈色中起着重要作用。
由表3可知,给予小鼠灌胃第7 d,与空白组相比,维生素C组与桑1~10组小鼠体重显著增加(P<0.05),体重最高增幅可达7.46%;灌胃第14 d,维生素C组与桑1~10组小鼠体重均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),体重最高增幅可达8.30%,但不同桑黄处理组之间的小鼠体重无显著性变化(P>0.05)。综上可见,桑黄菌丝体的摄入对小鼠生长具有一定促进作用。
脏器系数是指动物某脏器的重量与其体重之比,正常时较为恒定,当脏器受损时脏器系数随之发生改变,因而是药理实验常用指标。从表4中可见,灌胃实验后,桑1~10组的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺和肾脏的脏器指数与对照组及维生素C组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明桑黄菌丝体未对小鼠脏器产生负面作用,具有一定安全性,可用于治疗与饲喂。
氧化应激水平是指体内氧化与抗氧化作用失衡的状态,导致活性氧(ROS)和活性氮(RNS)的产生超过机体的清除能力,从而对细胞和组织造成损伤,也被认为是导致衰老和疾病的一个重要因素[31]。本实验通过测定小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量来评价桑黄菌丝体在缓解氧化应激方面的效果,具体结果如表5所示。
超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)是生物体内的一种抗氧化金属酶,可对抗和降低因氧自由基对细胞造成的损害,并能及时修复受损细胞,在机体抗氧化过程中起到重要作用[32]。如表5所示为小鼠血清SOD活力检测结果,与空白对照组相比,桑1、桑6和桑7呈现无显著性差异(P>0.05),阳性对照组呈现最大的SOD活力,其次是桑9、桑2和桑8组小鼠血清SOD活力增大更加显著(P<0.05),分别提高了43.27%、34.98%和32.08%,说明桑黄液体发酵菌丝体有助于提高小鼠血清中SOD活力;同时,该结果与桑黄发酵菌丝体中总黄酮含量呈现趋势较一致,说明桑黄菌丝体内黄酮化合物对提高机体内SOD活力具有重要参与作用。
丙二醛(MDA)是反映机体抗氧化潜在能力的一个重要指数,也可以间接反应细胞的损伤程度[31]。如表5所示为小鼠血清MDA含量的检测结果,与空白对照组相比,桑1、桑3、桑4、桑5、桑6和桑7均无显著性差异(P>0.05),其余桑黄组小鼠血清MDA含量均呈现不同程度的降低,其中阳性对照组以及桑2、桑8、桑9和桑10组小鼠血清MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),说明桑黄液体发酵菌丝体对缓解抗氧化应激程度不同,其中椴木栽培比代料栽培获得的桑黄液体发酵菌丝体更能降低小鼠血清中MDA含量。
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)是机体内广泛存在的一种重要的过氧化物分解酶,可以清除由ROS和·OH诱发的脂质过氧化物,保护细胞膜结构和功能的完整性[33]。表5为小鼠血清GSH-Px活力检测结果,与空白对照组和阳性对照组相比,桑1~桑10组小鼠血清GSH-Px活力无显著变化(P>0.05),这表明该实验中桑黄液体发酵菌丝体并没有显著提高机体氧化应激水平中GSH-Px活力(P>0.05),也从侧面说明了桑黄菌丝体提高抗氧化水平主要体现在提高SOD活力和降低MDA含量,而对提高GSH-Px活力没有显著影响,该结果对后续有针对性地提高桑黄菌丝体功能活性具有重要指导作用。
桑黄品质不仅与其生长的自然环境有关,而且与其栽培方式存有一定的关联性。本文选取10种不同来源的桑黄菌株,结合菌丝形态观察和分子鉴定,大致可分为杨树桑黄孔菌(Sanghuangporus vaninii)、鲍姆桑黄孔菌(Sanghuangporus baumii)和其纤孔菌属(Inonotus baumii);通过液体发酵,发现不同桑黄菌株发酵性能有较大差异,其中代料栽培的桑2的总黄酮含量最高,其次是椴木栽培的桑10,而桑8和桑9、桑3和桑5以及桑6和桑7两两之间的总黄酮含量均无显著性差异,代料栽培的桑1总黄酮含量最低,这表明桑黄菌株液体发酵后菌丝体总黄酮含量差异可能主要与地理起源和菌种有关,与栽培方式(代料或椴木栽培)关联度不高。经皮尔森相关性分析,发现桑黄总黄酮含量分别与色差值中的L*值呈极显著负相关,与b*值呈极显著正相关,与h*值呈显著负相关,这表明在一定范围内,桑黄菌丝体黄色亮度越暗,桑黄总黄酮含量越高。小鼠功能性试验结果表明,桑黄液体发酵菌丝体具有良好的安全性,可有效提高小鼠血清中的SOD活力和降低MDA含量,其中椴木栽培比代料栽培获得的桑黄液体发酵菌丝体更能降低小鼠血清中MDA含量,这些为桑黄菌丝体的定向开发与利用提供重要参考价值。

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2026年第47卷第8期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025020223
  • 接收时间:2025-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-27
  • 出版时间:2026-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26
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    江苏农林职业技术学院茶与食品科技学院,江苏句容 212400

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谢春芹(1976−),女,硕士,教授,研究方向:食用菌生产与加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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