Article(id=1321170492552233535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, issueId=1321170163563614210, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010290, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738857600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792921191585, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921191585, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921191585, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921191585, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170163563614210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, year='2026', volume='47', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='497', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769875200000', pubDateStr='2026-02-01', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921113148, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921113148, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=383, endPage=391, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170492854223424, articleId=1321170492552233535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=EN, title=Regulation of Postharvest Storage Quality of Dendrocalamus brandisii Shoots by Low-temperature Plasma-activated Water, columnId=1261343845820805453, journalTitle=Science and Technology of Food Industry, columnName=Storage and Preservation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the effect of low-temperature plasma-activated water (PAW) on the storage quality of postharvest Dendrocalamus brandisii (D. brandisii) shoots, using low-temperature plasma at 160 V and 160 Hz, preparation of PAWs (PAW1, PAW2, PAW3) at 1, 2, and 3 min, the effects of PAW on the total number of colonies, enzyme activities and related physicochemical indexes of D. brandisii shoots after harvest were analyzed. The results showed that compared to the CK group (distilled water treatment), PAW could inhibit the respiratory intensity of fresh-cut D. brandisii shoots, reduce the loss of total phenols and flavonoids, delay the decline in soluble protein, soluble sugar, vitamin C content. PAW1, PAW2, and PAW3-treated D. brandisii shoots at the 18th day of storage, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase decreased by 3.00, 5.25 and 3.90 U/g (P<0.05). On the 12th day of storage, peroxidase activity decreased by 5.91, 10.16 and 7.94 U/g (P<0.05). On the 30th day of storage, the cumulative synthesis of cellulose and lignin decreased by 6.66, 24.19 and 10.59 mg/g (P<0.05) and 1.27, 2.49 and 1.20 mg/g, respectively (P<0.05). This study provides some theoretical basis for the application of PAW technology in the field of preservation and processing of D. brandisii shoots.

, authors=Tongqin YANG1, Yanmei DENG1, Guohui YUAN1, Jiaojiao YANG1, 2, 3, Lei GUO1, 2, 3, Fangyu FAN1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=Tongqin YANG, Yanmei DENG, Guohui YUAN, Jiaojiao YANG, Lei GUO, Fangyu FAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fangyu FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Science and Technology of Food Industry. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170496385827413, articleId=1321170492552233535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, language=CN, title=低温等离子体活化水对甜龙竹笋采后贮藏品质的调控作用, columnId=1261343846517059923, journalTitle=食品工业科技, columnName=贮运保鲜, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究低温等离子体活化水(Plasma-activated water,PAW)对采后甜龙竹笋贮藏品质的影响,利用低温等离子体在160 V、160 Hz,时间1、2、3 min条件下制备PAW(PAW1、PAW2、PAW3),分析PAW对采后甜龙竹笋菌落总数、酶活性及相关理化指标的影响。结果表明,与CK组(蒸馏水处理)相比,PAW可抑制鲜切甜龙竹笋呼吸强度,减少总酚和黄酮的损失,延缓可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、维生素C含量的下降;PAW1、PAW2、PAW3处理的甜龙竹笋贮藏第18 d时,苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性下降了3.00、5.25、3.90 U/g(P<0.05);贮藏第12 d时,过氧化物酶活性下降了5.91、10.16、7.94 U/g(P<0.05);贮藏第30 d时,纤维素、木质素累积合成量分别降低了6.66、24.19、10.59 mg/g(P<0.05)和1.27、2.49、1.20 mg/g(P<0.05)。该研究为PAW技术在甜龙竹笋保鲜与加工领域的应用提供了一定的理论依据。

, authors=杨通琴1, 邓艳梅1, 袁国惠1, 杨娇娇1, 2, 3, 郭磊1, 2, 3, 范方宇1, 2, 3, *, authorsList=杨通琴, 邓艳梅, 袁国惠, 杨娇娇, 郭磊, 范方宇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=范方宇, authorNote=

杨通琴(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
范方宇(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农林产品加工,E-mail:。
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《食品工业科技》编辑部, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=QTe6WwlCcgUvIYGf9K/buA==, magXml=L3AAXOK/7pYyCOZmMwSmEg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=sDv04aKixyuBZH8+ZaFNWA==, pdfFileSize=1702647, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=FoWBBxJICEyuTfrQUvA7Kw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=CXjYRfUYFUavGguQ1p9M6A==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1321170496897532512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170492552233535, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=18385703790@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1321170496981418594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170492552233535, authorId=1321170496897532512, language=EN, stringName=Tongqin YANG, firstName=Tongqin, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1College of Biological and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1321170497061110371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170492552233535, authorId=1321170496897532512, language=CN, stringName=杨通琴, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1西南林业大学 生物与食品工程学院,云南昆明 650224, bio={"content":"

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World Bamboo and Rattan, 2023, 21(5): 34−40.], articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170509304283810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1260987677001138203, articleId=1321170492552233535, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J M, ZHANG X Q, LI A X. Effect of compound biological preservatives on post-harvest storage and fresh-keeping of Dendrocalamus brandisii shoots[J]. 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注:不同小写字母表示同一贮藏时间下组间有显著性差异(P<0.05),图2~图8同。

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低温等离子体活化水对甜龙竹笋采后贮藏品质的调控作用
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杨通琴 1 , 邓艳梅 1 , 袁国惠 1 , 杨娇娇 1, 2, 3 , 郭磊 1, 2, 3 , 范方宇 1, 2, 3, *
食品工业科技 | 贮运保鲜 2026,47(3): 383-391
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食品工业科技 |贮运保鲜 2026 , 47 (3) : 383 -391
低温等离子体活化水对甜龙竹笋采后贮藏品质的调控作用
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杨通琴1 , 邓艳梅1, 袁国惠1, 杨娇娇1, 2, 3, 郭磊1, 2, 3, 范方宇1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1西南林业大学 生物与食品工程学院,云南昆明 650224
  • 2西南地区生物多样性保育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,云南昆明 650224
  • 3云南省森林灾害预警与控制实验室,云南昆明 650224
通讯作者:
范方宇(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农林产品加工,E-mail:。
作者简介:

杨通琴(1998−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:食品加工,E-mail:

Regulation of Postharvest Storage Quality of Dendrocalamus brandisii Shoots by Low-temperature Plasma-activated Water
Tongqin YANG1 , Yanmei DENG1, Guohui YUAN1, Jiaojiao YANG1, 2, 3, Lei GUO1, 2, 3, Fangyu FAN1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1College of Biological and Food Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Kunming 650224, China
  • 3Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650224, China
出版时间: 2026-02-01 doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010290
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为探究低温等离子体活化水(Plasma-activated water,PAW)对采后甜龙竹笋贮藏品质的影响,利用低温等离子体在160 V、160 Hz,时间1、2、3 min条件下制备PAW(PAW1、PAW2、PAW3),分析PAW对采后甜龙竹笋菌落总数、酶活性及相关理化指标的影响。结果表明,与CK组(蒸馏水处理)相比,PAW可抑制鲜切甜龙竹笋呼吸强度,减少总酚和黄酮的损失,延缓可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、维生素C含量的下降;PAW1、PAW2、PAW3处理的甜龙竹笋贮藏第18 d时,苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性下降了3.00、5.25、3.90 U/g(P<0.05);贮藏第12 d时,过氧化物酶活性下降了5.91、10.16、7.94 U/g(P<0.05);贮藏第30 d时,纤维素、木质素累积合成量分别降低了6.66、24.19、10.59 mg/g(P<0.05)和1.27、2.49、1.20 mg/g(P<0.05)。该研究为PAW技术在甜龙竹笋保鲜与加工领域的应用提供了一定的理论依据。

低温等离子体活化水  /  甜龙竹笋  /  贮藏品质  /  酶活性

To investigate the effect of low-temperature plasma-activated water (PAW) on the storage quality of postharvest Dendrocalamus brandisii (D. brandisii) shoots, using low-temperature plasma at 160 V and 160 Hz, preparation of PAWs (PAW1, PAW2, PAW3) at 1, 2, and 3 min, the effects of PAW on the total number of colonies, enzyme activities and related physicochemical indexes of D. brandisii shoots after harvest were analyzed. The results showed that compared to the CK group (distilled water treatment), PAW could inhibit the respiratory intensity of fresh-cut D. brandisii shoots, reduce the loss of total phenols and flavonoids, delay the decline in soluble protein, soluble sugar, vitamin C content. PAW1, PAW2, and PAW3-treated D. brandisii shoots at the 18th day of storage, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase decreased by 3.00, 5.25 and 3.90 U/g (P<0.05). On the 12th day of storage, peroxidase activity decreased by 5.91, 10.16 and 7.94 U/g (P<0.05). On the 30th day of storage, the cumulative synthesis of cellulose and lignin decreased by 6.66, 24.19 and 10.59 mg/g (P<0.05) and 1.27, 2.49 and 1.20 mg/g, respectively (P<0.05). This study provides some theoretical basis for the application of PAW technology in the field of preservation and processing of D. brandisii shoots.

low-temperature plasma-activated water  /  D. brandisii shoots  /  storage quality  /  enzyme activity
杨通琴, 邓艳梅, 袁国惠, 杨娇娇, 郭磊, 范方宇. 低温等离子体活化水对甜龙竹笋采后贮藏品质的调控作用. 食品工业科技, 2026 , 47 (3) : 383 -391 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010290
Tongqin YANG, Yanmei DENG, Guohui YUAN, Jiaojiao YANG, Lei GUO, Fangyu FAN. Regulation of Postharvest Storage Quality of Dendrocalamus brandisii Shoots by Low-temperature Plasma-activated Water[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2026 , 47 (3) : 383 -391 . DOI: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010290
甜龙竹(Dendrocalamus brandisii,D. brandisii)属禾本科(Gramineae)牡竹属(Dendrocalamus)竹种,广泛分布于云南省南部、西南部的西双版纳、普洱和临沧等地。甜龙竹笋笋体洁白粗大、肉质脆嫩、鲜甜可口、生熟均可食用[1−2]。鲜笋水分含量高,富含蛋白质、碳水化合物、膳食纤维等多种有益于人体健康的营养物质[3],可改善人体消化、预防心脑血管疾病及癌症,具有多种功能作用[4−5]。甜龙竹笋多产于山区,出笋时间集中于夏季,采收时易受机械损伤被微生物侵染[5];贮存不当造成细胞壁增厚、木质纤维化、笋体褐变腐烂等问题而失去商业价值[6]。近年来竹笋采后活体保鲜一直是研究热点。为延长采后竹笋新鲜度,臭氧结合气调包装[7]、低温冷冻[8]、辐射[9]、化学保鲜剂[10]等已应用于各类竹笋保鲜,并取得了一定的效果。基于此,探索一种易操作、绿色高效的甜龙竹笋活体保鲜方法,延缓其木质化,维持采后品质有利于促进甜龙竹笋的产业发展。
等离子体活化水(Plasma-activated water,PAW)也称等离子体酸、等离子体活化液,通过对蒸馏水进行低温等离子体作用,使其与等离子体中的活性物质发生化学反应,生成更丰富的活性组分[11]。PAW含有超氧阴离子、过氧化氢、臭氧、硝酸根和亚硝酸根离子等活性物质[12],处理样品时,这些活性物质会破坏微生物细胞中的DNA、蛋白质、脂质和其他结构[13],是一种新型的杀菌、保鲜剂。PAW因操作简单、绿色环保、无残留等被广泛应用于果蔬杀菌保鲜,且与低温保鲜方法相比能耗更低[14]。目前研究者将PAW应用于果蔬保鲜较多,如Perinban等[13]以PAW处理鲜切苹果,降低了过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(Phenylalanine ammonialyase,PAL)活性,微生物数量显著减少,苹果贮藏时间达12 d;Zhang等[15]利用PAW处理鲜切香蕉,抑制了微生物繁殖,改善了贮藏性能;徐玲峰等[16]发现PAW可减少蓝莓表面微生物,延长货架期;赵莹等[17]利用PAW降低了草莓腐烂率,减少了可溶性固形物、维生素C(Vitamin C,VC)的流失。因此,采用PAW处理甜龙竹笋预期可以提升采后贮藏品质,对甜龙竹笋的利用具有重要意义。但有关PAW保鲜鲜切甜龙竹笋的研究鲜见报道。
基于此,本研究以甜龙竹笋为原料,研究不同制备时间(0、1、2、3 min)的PAW对其菌落总数、理化特性、酶活性的影响,为PAW在甜龙竹笋保鲜中的应用提供理论依据。
甜龙竹笋 采自云南省普洱市思茅镇莲花村(竹笋大小适中、无病虫害,采后0~2 ℃的冷库预冷,第2 d放置泡沫箱,用适量冰袋覆盖后封箱,约7 h送实验室待测);氯化钡、蒽酮、乙酸乙酯 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、亚硝酸钠、草酸 广东光华科技股份有限公司;维生素C试剂盒、POD试剂盒 上海源叶生物试剂有限公司;PAL试剂盒 南京建成生物工程研究所;纤维素试剂盒、木质素试剂盒 苏州科铭生物技术有限公司;其余试剂均为分析纯。
CTP-2000K低温等离子体 南京苏曼等离子体科技有限公司;LG-16M冷冻离心机 上海赫田科学仪器有限公司;UV-2600紫外可见分光光度计 日本岛津公司;Spectra Max-M5酶标仪 上海美谷分子仪器有限公司。
依据前期预实验,PAW处理参数为:放电电压160 V、放电电流1.95 A、放电频率160 Hz、上层介质阻挡与处理液面距离约4.5 cm,以空气作为反应气体,使用蒸馏水制备PAW。分别取150 mL蒸馏水倒入反应皿,在低温等离子体下处理1、2、3 min,处理后分别将150 mL PAW倒入烧杯,室温静置冷却。处理1、2、3 min的PAW分别标记为PAW1、PAW2、PAW3,蒸馏水为对照组(CK)。
清洗甜龙竹笋表面污泥、剥壳,切除底部约2 cm,将笋体切成长宽约5~6 cm,厚度约2~3 mm笋片。将切片笋放入PAW中浸泡15 min,取出用吸水纸吸干,聚乙烯袋真空包装,4 ℃贮藏30 d,每6 d取样测竹笋品质。
采用静置法测定呼吸强度[18]。取10.0 mL NaOH溶液(0.4 mol/L)放入15 cm称量皿,将称量皿放入干燥器底部,放置隔板,取约60 g甜龙竹笋放入干燥器,密闭反应30 min。碱液移入锥形瓶,依次加入5.0 mL饱和BaCl2溶液、2滴酚酞指示剂,充分摇匀,0.2 mol/L草酸溶液滴定,粉色溶液褪去即为滴定终点,记录草酸溶液用量。采用同样方法作空白滴定。呼吸强度按公式(1)计算。
$ 呼吸强度(\mathrm{mg/\left(kg\cdot h\right)})=\frac{(\mathrm{V}_1-\mathrm{V}_2)\times\mathrm{c}\times22}{\mathrm{m}\times\mathrm{t}} $
式中:c为草酸溶液摩尔浓度,mol/L;V1为空白滴定中草酸溶液用量,mL;V2为滴定中草酸溶液用量,mL;m为甜龙竹笋质量,kg;t为测定时间,h;22为NaOH与CO2的质量转换系数,g/mol。
采用考马斯亮蓝G-250法测定[19]。取约2.0 g甜龙竹笋置于研钵,加入2.0 mL蒸馏水,研磨呈匀浆,移入离心管,加入3.0 mL蒸馏水清洗研钵一并倒入离心管,混匀,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心15 min。取1.0 mL上清液于10 mL比色管,加入5.0 mL考马斯亮蓝,摇匀、静置反应10 min,595 nm测定吸光值。绘制牛血清蛋白标准曲线,得回归方程y=0.0056x+0.0075,R2=0.9994。式中x为可溶性蛋白浓度(对应标准蛋白浓度),y为所测吸光值。可溶性蛋白含量按公式(2)计算。
$ 可溶性蛋白含量({\mathrm{mg/g}})=\frac{{\mathrm{m}}' \times {\mathrm{V}}}{{{\mathrm{V}}}_{{\mathrm{s}}}\times {\mathrm{m}}\times 1000} $
式中:${\mathrm{m}}' $为标准曲线得到的蛋白质含量,μg;V为提取液总体积,5 mL;Vs为测定时提取液体积,1 mL;m为甜龙竹笋质量,g;1000为单位转换系数。
采用蒽酮-硫酸法测定[20]。取约1.0 g甜龙竹笋置于研钵,加入5.0 mL蒸馏水研磨呈匀浆,移入试管,沸水浴30 min,取出冷却过滤,滤液倒入10 mL离心管。将残渣回收至试管,加入5.0 mL蒸馏水冲洗研钵一并倒入试管,沸水浴10 min,冷却过滤后将滤液移入10 mL离心管,混匀。取0.5 mL上清液置于10 mL比色管,加入1.5 mL蒸馏水,0.5 mL蒽酮-乙酸乙酯,5.0 mL浓硫酸,混匀,沸水浴2 min,静置冷却,620 nm测定吸光值。绘制蔗糖标准曲线,得回归方程y=0.0066x−0.0017,R2=0.9993。式中,x为可溶性糖浓度(对应蔗糖标准液浓度),y为所测吸光值。可溶性糖含量按公式(3)计算。
$ 可溶性糖含量(\text{%})=\frac{\mathrm{m}'\times\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{V}_{\mathrm{s}}\times\mathrm{m}\times10^6}\times100 $
式中:${\mathrm{m}}' $为标准曲线查得的蔗糖含量,μg;V为提取液总体积,10 mL;Vs为测定时提取液体积,0.5 mL;m为甜龙竹笋质量,g;106为单位转换系数。
采用福林酚法测定[21]。取约5.0 g甜龙竹笋置于研钵,加入70%乙醇10 mL研磨呈匀浆,倒入离心管,取20 mL 70%乙醇冲洗研钵一并倒入离心管,超声60 min,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心10 min。取1.0 mL上清液于10 mL比色管,加入2.5 mL福林酚(0.2 mol/L),摇匀后避光静置反应5 min,继续加入2.0 mL碳酸钠溶液(7.5%),摇匀,静置避光反应1 h,760 nm测定吸光值。绘制没食子酸标准曲线,得回归方程y=10.026x−0.0166,R2=0.9992。式中,x为总酚浓度(对应没食子酸浓度),y为所测吸光度。总酚含量按公式(4)计算。
$ 总酚含量({\mathrm{mg/g}})=\frac{{\mathrm{C}}\times {\mathrm{V}}\times {\mathrm{N}}}{{\mathrm{m}}} $
式中:C为溶液没食子酸当量,mg/mL;V为提取液总体积,30 mL;N为稀释倍数,20;m为甜龙竹笋质量,g。
参照蒋雨心等[22]的方法稍作修改。取约1.0 g甜龙竹笋置于研钵,加入2.0 mL无水乙醇研磨呈匀浆,倒入离心管,取3.0 mL无水乙醇冲洗研钵一并倒入离心管,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心10 min。取1.0 mL上清液于10 mL比色管,依次加入0.3 mL亚硝酸钠溶液(5%)、硝酸铝溶液(10%),摇匀、静置6 min,加入4.0 mL NaOH溶液(4%),50%乙醇溶液定容,摇匀、避光15 min,510 nm测定吸光值。绘制芦丁标准曲线,得回归方程y=10.871x−0.003,R2=0.999。式中,x为黄酮浓度(对应芦丁浓度),y为所测吸光度。黄酮含量按公式(5)计算。
$ 黄酮含量({\mathrm{mg/g}})=\frac{{{\mathrm{N}}}\times {\mathrm{C}}\times {\mathrm{V}}}{{{\mathrm{m}}}} $
式中:N为稀释倍数,10;C为黄酮浓度,mg/mL;V为提取液总体积,5 mL;m为甜龙竹笋质量,g。
采用VC试剂盒测定。取约1.0 g甜龙竹笋置于研钵,加入4.0 mL缓冲液,研磨呈匀浆,倒入离心管,取5.0 mL缓冲液冲洗研钵一并倒入离心管,4 ℃、8000 r/min离心10 min。按试剂盒说明书进行测定。结果以μg/mL表示。
参照GB 4789.2-2016《食品微生物学检验菌落总数测定》。取约3.0 g甜龙竹笋置于研钵,加入27.0 mL灭菌生理盐水,研磨呈匀浆,均质30 s。以10倍梯度依次稀释,选择3个适宜的稀释浓度,各取100 μL稀释液分别涂布于灭菌计数琼脂平板,37 ℃恒温培养48 h,平板计数法计算菌落总数。以灭菌生理盐水做空白对照实验。
采用纤维素试剂盒测定。取约5.0 g甜龙竹笋置于称量皿,105 ℃烘干至恒重,研磨过60目筛。取约10.0 mg样品,加入80%乙醇1.0 mL,90 ℃水浴20 min,冷却至室温,8000 r/min离心10 min。按试剂盒说明书进行测定,结果以mg/g干重表示。
采用木质素试剂盒测定。取约5.0 g甜龙竹笋置于称量皿,105 ℃烘干至恒重,研磨过60目筛。按试剂盒说明书进行测定,结果以mg/g干重表示。
采用POD试剂盒测定。取约1.0 g甜龙竹笋置于研钵,加入9.0 mL缓冲液,冰浴研磨呈匀浆,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心10 min。按试剂盒说明书进行测定,结果以U/g鲜重表示。
采用PAL试剂盒测定。取约1.0 g甜龙竹笋置于研钵,加入9.0 mL缓冲液,冰浴研磨呈匀浆,4 ℃、12000 r/min离心10 min。按试剂盒说明书进行测定,结果以U/g鲜重表示。
所有数据进行3次平行测定,以平均值±标准差表示结果,使用Origin 2021统计数据与绘图,SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计学意义分析(显著水平为P<0.05)。
呼吸作用对果蔬品质的保持具有重要作用,可将细胞内富含能量的有机分子(淀粉、糖、有机酸)氧化成简单分子(二氧化碳、水),并释放能量[23],呼吸强度越大,营养流失越快,加速果蔬衰老。贮藏期内呼吸强度变化如图1所示,各组呈先升高后降低趋势。贮藏0~18 d时各组呼吸强度逐渐升高,可能是竹笋受机械损伤,呼吸强度升高。贮藏第18 d后,各组呼吸强度逐渐下降;第30 d时,PAW1、PAW2、PAW3比CK组显著下降了10.20、13.28、5.57 mg/(kg·h)(P<0.05)。结果表明,PAW可有效抑制呼吸强度的升高,减少营养流失。整个贮藏期间,PAW2低于PAW1和PAW3,说明PAW2中的活性物质(如H2O2、O3、·OH、NO、NO2)可引发膜脂过氧化,改变膜通透性,抑制细胞产生氧化应激反应,呼吸强度降低;PAW3处理时间较长,产生过多的活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS),激发细胞产生氧化应激反应,导致氧化损伤,呼吸强度升高;PAW1处理的时间较短,产生的活性物质较少,抑制能力较弱。Jia等[24]研究发现低温等离子体处理可以抑制番茄的呼吸强度,但处理时间过长会产生负面影响,与本研究结果趋势类似。
可溶性蛋白是果蔬的主要营养成分之一,也是许多酶的重要组成部分,参与生理生化代谢调节过程,是衡量果蔬衰老和耐贮藏性的重要指标[25]。贮藏期内可溶性蛋白含量的变化如图2所示,随贮藏时间延长,各组可溶蛋白含量呈下降趋势;原因为鲜切甜龙竹笋采后呼吸作用持续进行,加速代谢,导致能量消耗加剧,促进可溶性蛋白的降解[7]。贮藏第30 d时,CK组的可溶性蛋白含量为1.86 mg/g,比PAW1、PAW2、PAW3显著降低了46.77%、65.59%、26.34%(P<0.05)。原因为PAW中的活性物质抑制了蛋白水解酶的活性,阻止了可溶性蛋白分解[26]。整个贮藏期间,PAW2比PAW1、PAW3下降较为缓慢,说明适当PAW处理提高了细胞的保水性,对细胞膜起保护作用,防止组织细胞被破坏,抑制可溶性蛋白分解,使其保持较高的蛋白含量;PAW3处理时间较长,活性物质累积,破坏组织细胞膜完整性,导致可溶性蛋白被破坏后流失;PAW1处理时间较短,产生的活性物质较少,不足以抑制可溶性蛋白的分解。
可溶性糖为鲜切竹笋提供能量,是衡量竹笋品质的重要指标。贮藏期内可溶性糖含量的变化如图3所示,随贮藏时间延长,各组呈先上升后下降趋势。贮藏0~18 d时,各组可溶性糖含量逐渐上升,第18 d时达到最大值;贮藏初期,由于甜龙竹笋采后呼吸作用旺盛,可溶性糖优先用于供能,导致其含量较低;随后开始逐渐上升,可能是竹笋中的纤维素、半纤维素、果胶、淀粉等逐渐分解转化为可溶性糖和有机物[27],可溶性糖含量增加;贮藏第18 d后,可溶性糖含量减少,这归因于甜龙竹笋组织结构被破坏,可溶性糖不断被分解以维持生理代谢活动导致其含量下降[18]。贮藏第30 d时,CK组、PAW1、PAW2、PAW3可溶性糖含量分别为1.47%、1.82%、1.99%、1.69%,其中CK组显著低于PAW处理组(P<0.05)。整个贮藏期间,PAW2高于PAW1、PAW3,说明适当PAW处理有效抑制可溶性糖的分解和转化,使其保持较高的营养价值;PAW3处理时间较长,产生过多的ROS物质,在高ROS胁迫下呼吸强度升高,加速可溶性糖消耗;PAW1处理时间较短,产生的ROS物质较少,不足以抑制可溶性糖的分解导致其含量降低。贾思曈等[27]研究发现低温等离子体处理冬枣可抑制其可溶性糖含量的下降,但处理时间过长会产生负面影响。
总酚和黄酮普遍存在于果蔬中,是植物体苯丙烷代谢途径重要的生物活性化合物,对人体健康有益[28]。贮藏期内总酚含量变化如图4a所示,随时间的延长,各组呈先上升后下降趋势;贮藏第0~18 d时,各组总酚含量逐渐上升,第18 d时达到最大值;可能是鲜切后竹笋细胞破裂,总酚和其他抗氧化物质形成抗氧化系统,抵御氧化胁迫,导致其在一定时间内升高[29];贮藏第18 d后,总酚含量逐渐下降。贮藏第30 d时,PAW1、PAW2、PAW3比CK组显著提高了29.41%、74.58%、46.61%(P<0.05)。这可能是由于PAW处理激活了其自身应答机制,刺激总酚物质生成,减缓总酚含量下降[28]。整个贮藏期间,PAW2高于PAW1、PAW3,这可能是适当PAW处理有效抑制了鲜切甜龙竹笋的呼吸作用,增强了总酚物质在贮藏期间的保留;PAW3处理时间较长,产生过多的活性物质,破坏甜龙竹笋组织细胞导致总酚流出含量降低;PAW1处理时间较短,产生的活性物质较少,不足以抑制总酚物质被破坏。
贮藏期内黄酮含量变化如图4b所示,随时间的延长,各组呈先上升后下降趋势;贮藏0~18 d时,各组黄酮含量逐渐上升,第18 d时达到最大值;随后开始下降,贮藏第30 d时,PAW1、PAW2、PAW3比CK组提高了38.10%、42.86%、52.38%。可能是在应激反应条件下,ROS激活PAL的活性,促进黄酮类化合物的合成,导致黄酮含量增加[30],PAW中的活性物质能抑制参与苯丙烷代谢相关的酶活性,阻止了黄酮降解[28]。整个贮藏期间,PAW2基本高于PAW1、PAW3,说明适当PAW处理有效抑制黄酮的降解,增强了黄酮物质在贮藏期间的保留;PAW3处理时间较长,产生过多的活性物质侵蚀竹笋表皮组织,使黄酮暴露于ROS中,导致其降解;PAW1处理时间较短,生成的活性物质累积量较少,不足以抑制黄酮的降解。Grzegorzewski等[31]研究发现PAW中的活性物质可能侵蚀生菜表皮层,释放和降解聚集在表皮细胞中央液泡的黄酮类化合物导致其含量降低。
VC是植物细胞内非酶抗氧化活性成分,是维持果蔬新鲜度的重要营养参数。贮藏期内VC含量变化如图5所示,随时间的延长,各组呈下降趋势;贮藏第30 d时,与贮藏初期相比,各组VC含量均下降,CK组、PAW1、PAW2、PAW3处理组VC含量分别为0.81、1.11、2.03和0.93 μg/mL,PAW各组的VC含量明显高于CK组,其中PAW2组显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。可能是VC在抗氧化酶作用下发生氧化反应导致其被降解,已有相关研究表明PAW中的活性物质可以使抗氧化酶失活[32]。整个贮藏期间,PAW2高于PAW1、PAW3,结果表明,适当PAW处理使抗氧化酶失活,防止了VC氧化,以提高甜龙竹笋在贮藏期间的营养品质;PAW3处理的时间较长,产生过多的ROS物质,破坏了甜龙竹笋组织细胞导致VC流出含量降低;PAW1处理时间较短,产生的活性物质较少,不足以抑制VC的氧化,结果与Wu等[32]研究结果类似。
菌落总数可以反映果蔬在储藏期间的新鲜度,是判断食物受细菌污染程度和卫生品质的一个重要指标。贮藏期内菌落总数变化如图6所示,随时间的延长,各组呈上升趋势;原因为甜龙竹笋组织受损后,细胞破裂营养物质流失,同时增加水分和氧气接触,为微生物提供了生长条件,导致菌落总数上升[17]。Lee等[33]认为果蔬产品中微生物数量超过6 lg CFU/g基本丧失食用价值。贮藏第12 d时,CK组、PAW1菌落总数分别达到6.68、6.20 lg CFU/g,PAW2、PAW3菌落总数仅为5.61、5.06 lg CFU/g。贮藏第18 d时,PAW2、PAW3菌落总数为6.69、6.05 lg CFU/g,PAW3抑菌效果最佳,可将贮藏时间延长至约18 d。可能是PAW3处理时间过长,产生的活性物质较多,这些活性物质与微生物接触产生氧化应激反应,破坏微生物内DNA、蛋白质等生物大分子使其无法生长繁殖[34];PAW1、PAW2处理时间较短,产生的活性物质较少,抑菌能力较弱。
纤维素是衡量竹笋老化的重要指标之一,通常表现为纤维化程度增加,笋体变硬,品质变差,食用口感不佳。贮藏期内纤维素含量变化如图7a所示,各组呈上升趋势;贮藏第30 d时,PAW1、PAW2、PAW3比CK组显著降低了6.66、24.19、10.59 mg/g(P<0.05)。原因为PAW处理降低了营养物质的消耗和呼吸强度,减缓了纤维素含量的增加[7]。整个贮藏期间,PAW2低于PAW1、PAW3,可能是适当PAW处理有效抑制了甜龙竹笋的呼吸强度,降低纤维素的累积;PAW3处理时间过长,产生过多的ROS物质,在高ROS胁迫下呼吸作用增加,导致纤维素含量增加;PAW1处理的时间较短,产生的活性物质较少,抑制作用较差。
竹笋中的木质素是以苯丙氨酸为前体物质,在酶促反应下转化为木质素,这些产物在PAL、POD催化作用下发生莽草酸-苯丙烷酶促反应后形成木质素[8]。贮藏期内木质素含量变化如图7b所示,各组呈上升趋势;贮藏第30 d时,PAW1、PAW2、PAW3比CK组显著下降了1.27、2.49、1.20 mg/g(P<0.05)。原因为PAW可抑制POD、PAL活性,延缓木质素的合成[7]。整个贮藏期间,PAW2低于PAW1、PAW3,这可能是适当的PAW处理破坏了参与酶促反应的相关酶活,木质素累积量少;PAW3处理时间过长,产生过多的ROS物质,在持续高ROS环境下促进POD、PAL活性的升高,木质素合成量增加;PAW1处理时间较短,产生的活性物质较少,不足以抑制酶的活性,导致木质素增加。
POD在植物生长发育中具有重要的调控作用,它不仅与活性氧的清除、抗逆应答有关,且在木质素合成等方面具有重要作用[35]。贮藏期内POD活性变化如图8a可见,各组呈先升高后降低趋势;贮藏第12 d时,各组POD活性最高。Zhao等[36]研究发现PAW处理鲜切猕猴桃后POD活性增加,这可能是植物细胞中的调节机制,可减轻ROS引起的脂质过氧化。随贮藏时间延长,POD活性逐渐下降;贮藏第30 d时,PAW1、PAW2、PAW3比CK组分别下降了10.85、7.76、9.55 U/g。可能是PAW含有ROS,与POD发生反应,破坏其二级结构(α-螺旋减少,β-折叠增加)和氨基酸侧链基团(如半胱氨酸和酪氨酸),导致酶活力降低[15]。整个贮藏期间,PAW2低于PAW1、PAW3,这可能是PAW处理对酶的激活或失活过程与活性物质的密度及酶结构的差异而导致的不同酶对氧化过程产生的反应不同[13]。
PAL可将苯丙氨酸脱氨为苯乙烯酸,在木质素生物合成中发挥重要作用,是木质化反应的第一步,在植物的生长及代谢中起重要作用[18]。贮藏期内PAL活性变化如图8b所示,各组呈先升高后降低趋势;贮藏18 d时,各组PAL活性最高;贮藏第30 d时,PAW1、PAW2、PAW3比CK组显著下降了5.69、7.18、6.18 U/g(P<0.05)。PAW处理抑制了参与苯丙烷代谢相关的酶活性,PAL是参与苯丙烷代谢反应的关键酶,其活性下降[28]。此外,在不利环境条件下,植物组织会合成木质素和植酸产生肉桂酸、富马酸等次级代谢产物防御外界干扰,产物的积累反过来抑制PAL的活力[9]。整个贮藏期间,PAW2低于PAW1、PAW3,这可能是适当PAW处理中产生的活性物质抑制了苯丙烷代谢途径,降低了PAL的活性;PAW3处理时间过长,含过多的ROS,在应激反应条件下,ROS激活PAL的活性,导致其活性升高;PAW1处理的时间较短,含有的活性物质较少,不足以抑制PAL的活性。
采用聚类热图对甜龙竹笋处理前后各项品质指标的数据矩阵进行处理,以色阶为参照,各种色块代表相关变量的不同值。如图9所示,贮藏第0 d时,各处理组指标含量基本相一致;贮藏第6 d时,CK组和PAW处理组各项指标发生变化;贮藏第12 d时,CK组POD、PAL、纤维素、木质素、呼吸强度、可溶性蛋白、VC含量变化显著;贮藏第18 d时,PAW1和PAW3处理组可溶性蛋白、VC、呼吸强度、菌落总数变化显著;贮藏第24 d时,PAW2处理组POD、可溶性蛋白、VC、纤维素、可溶性糖含量变化显著;贮藏第30 d时,CK组和PAW处理组各项指标变化显著。综合分析发现,在整个贮藏期间,POD、PAL、可溶性蛋白、VC、纤维素、木质素及菌落总数等指标均发生明显变化,可能是由于甜龙竹笋组织受到机械损伤后细胞结构被破坏,生理代谢紊乱,从而引发一系列理化性质的显著改变。综上所述,与CK组相比,PAW处理有效延缓甜龙竹笋发生品质劣变,能更好地保持鲜切甜龙竹笋的贮藏品质,且PAW2处理组在品质维持方面效果最佳。
通过相关性分析进一步研究PAW2处理对采后鲜切甜龙竹笋相关理化指标与木质素合成的影响。如图10所示,呼吸强度、可溶性糖、总酚、菌落总数与木质素呈正相关,纤维素与木质素呈显著正相关(P≤0.05);可溶性蛋白、黄酮、POD、PAL活性与木质素呈负相关,VC与木质素呈显著负相关(P≤0.05)。甜龙竹笋组织受到机械损伤时,诱导纤维素快速合成,其含量增加导致木质素增加[7];有研究表明,PAL作为木质素合成的起始酶,其活性增加不一定导致木质素合成的增加,因苯丙烷代谢途径呈网络状调控,受转录因子、酶表达、中间产物及能量供应等多因素调控[8];POD活性升高会消耗木质素合成必需的H2O2和酚类前体,导致木质素合成下降;VC是植物体内重要的抗氧化剂,可抑制ROS激活的木质素合成限速酶(POD、PAL)的活性,从而降低木质素合成速率。这些相关性分析为PAW保鲜效果与甜龙竹笋贮藏品质关系提供了预测效果。
本文通过不同制备时间的PAW处理采后鲜切甜龙竹笋,研究了PAW对鲜切甜龙竹笋的影响。结果发现:随贮藏时间的延长,鲜切甜龙竹笋的可溶性蛋白、VC含量呈下降趋势;菌落总数、纤维素和木质素呈上升趋势;呼吸强度、可溶性糖、总酚、黄酮、POD、PAL活性则呈先升高后降低的趋势;PAW处理对鲜切甜龙竹笋有较好的杀菌保鲜作用,有效延长货架期。综合分析发现,鲜切甜龙竹笋经160 V制备2 min的活化水杀菌、保鲜效果最佳,可保持其营养物质,POD、PAL活性较低,延缓纤维素与木质素的累积合成速率,从而抑制采后鲜切甜龙竹笋的木质化进程。因此,利用适当制备时间的PAW处理采后鲜切甜龙竹笋,对减缓其产品品质的劣变、延长货架期具有重要意义。本研究为PAW技术在鲜切甜龙竹笋及其它鲜切果蔬中的应用奠定理论基础,并为开发新的鲜切果蔬保鲜技术提供参考。

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2026年第47卷第3期
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doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2025010290
  • 接收时间:2025-02-07
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2026-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-07
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    1西南林业大学 生物与食品工程学院,云南昆明 650224
    2西南地区生物多样性保育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,云南昆明 650224
    3云南省森林灾害预警与控制实验室,云南昆明 650224

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范方宇(1979−),男,博士,教授,研究方向:农林产品加工,E-mail:。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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